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83-598: The Nipissing Lakers are the athletic teams that represent Nipissing University in North Bay, Ontario , Canada that compete in U Sports . The Lakers varsity programs compete in men's and women's basketball , ice hockey , volleyball , soccer , cross country running , rowing , and nordic skiing . The Lakers also have a university ringette team but it is not yet a part of the Ontario University Athletics program. First established as

166-410: A Bachelor of Physical and Health Education. Nipissing University offers the following undergraduate degrees: The following graduate and professional programs are offered at Nipissing University: Certificates are offered in: The following joint programs are offered through Nipissing University and Canadore College: The Nipissing University Student Union (NUSU) is the official body representing

249-619: A bachelor's degree and a college diploma from Canadore College in four years. Nipissing also has a collaborative nursing program with Canadore, giving students access the college's nursing simulation labs. Formally known as the Faculty of Education, the Schulich School of Education was established in 2010 due to a donation from philanthropist Seymour Schulich . Programs within the Schulich School of Education include both Concurrent and Consecutive Bachelor of Educations degrees as well as

332-437: A board of governors (citizens) exercising exclusive control over financial policy and having formal authority in all other matters. The president, appointed by the board, is to provide a link between the two bodies and to perform institutional leadership. The university is composed of three faculties: the Faculty of Applied and Professional Studies; the Faculty of Arts and Science; and the Schulich School of Education; as well as

415-610: A challenge between the varsity soccer teams of two Northern Ontario universities (Laurentian vs. Nipissing), in which the winning team was awarded the Riley Gallo Cup, the rivalry expanded. Introducing the 705 Challenge Cup in 2016, the results of all regular season games between the Lakers and the Voyageurs varsity teams for men's and women's basketball, ice hockey, and soccer, comprised the overall won-loss record in determining

498-687: A city in 1930. The city recovered from the Great Depression much more quickly than almost any other city in North America due to increased demand for nickel in the 1930s. Sudbury was the fastest-growing city and one of the wealthiest cities in Canada for most of the decade. Many of the city's social problems in the Great Depression era were not caused by unemployment or poverty, but due to the difficulty in keeping up with all of

581-623: A gym facility shared with Canadore College, which is located within the Main Campus building. Nipissing University's Harris Learning Library, named in honour of former Ontario premier and North Bay Teachers' College alumnus Mike Harris , opened on June 20, 2011. In 2012, the Harris Learning Library received the American Library Association's Interior Design Award. The following year, the library

664-556: A large geological structure known as the Sudbury Basin , which are the remnants of a nearly two billion-year-old impact crater ; long thought to be the result of a meteorite collision, more recent analysis has suggested that the crater may in fact have been created by a comet . Sudbury's pentlandite , pyrite and pyrrhotite ores contain profitable amounts of many elements—primarily nickel and copper, but also platinum, palladium and other valuable metals. Local smelting of

747-416: A managed natural habitat for birds, and a hiking and nature trail near Coniston , which is named in honour of scientist Jane Goodall . Six provincial parks ( Chiniguchi River , Daisy Lake Uplands , Fairbank , Killarney Lakelands and Headwaters , Wanapitei and Windy Lake ) and two provincial conservation reserves (MacLennan Esker Forest and Tilton Forest) are also located partially or entirely within

830-550: A much more modest effect on the city's economy than the earlier action—unlike in 1978, the local rate of unemployment declined slightly during the 2009 strike. The ecology of the Sudbury region has recovered dramatically, helped by regreening programs and improved mining practices. The United Nations honoured twelve cities in the world, including Sudbury, with the Local Government Honours Award at

913-470: A near-total loss of native vegetation in the area. Consequently, the terrain was made up of exposed rocky outcrops permanently stained charcoal black by the air pollution from the roasting yards. Acid rain added more staining, in a layer that penetrates up to 3 in (76 mm) into the once pink-grey granite . The construction of the Inco Superstack in 1972 dispersed sulphuric acid through

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996-481: A production of Shakespeare 's Romeo and Juliet . Place des Arts , a new project to provide a community hub for the city's francophone cultural institutions including a 300-seat concert hall, a 120-seat theatre studio, an art gallery, a bistro, a gift boutique and bookstore, a children's arts center and 10,000 square feet of studio space for artists, began construction in the downtown core in 2019, and opened in 2022. Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival ,

1079-478: A program of musical performance with the creation of both murals and installation art projects throughout the downtown core, while PlaySmelter, a theatre festival devoted to theatrical and storytelling performances by local writers and actors, was launched in 2013, and is held at various venues in the city including the Sudbury Theatre Centre and Place des Arts. In music, the city is home to

1162-469: A stepping stone between the suite-style living and living off campus. All suites and townhouses have their own full kitchen. Each residence complex has a team of residence life student staff including residence dons, academic dons, residence office assistants, residents' council facilitators, and residents' council executives. The university is represented in the Ontario University Athletics and U Sports (formerly called "Canadian Interuniversity Sport") by

1245-579: A weight room, and a cardio-weight room. The main gym, which hosts the varsity volleyball and basketball games, has a seating capacity of approximately 1200 people. The soccer pitch and Frisbee golf course are located behind the Athletic Centre. A main feature of the Athletic Centre is the Living Wall, a hydroponic green wall of plants that improves the air quality of the facility due to the oxygen it produces. Nipissing students also have access to

1328-401: Is 85.9%, which is higher than the average Ontario graduation rate of 77.3%. Nipissing University offers over 30 areas of study, many of which have opportunities for internships or experiential learning. Some partnership programs, such as Environmental Biology and Technology, Criminology and Criminal Justice (Policing Stream), and Social Welfare and Social Development allow students to earn both

1411-451: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Nipissing University Nipissing University is a public university located in North Bay, Ontario , Canada. The campus overlooks Lake Nipissing . The roots of Nipissing University date back to 1947, when residents of North Bay formed a committee with the goal of establishing a university within the city. The 1958 Northeastern University Committee continued their efforts in

1494-470: Is a North Bay facility shared with Canadore College. It had a satellite campus in Brantford until 2019. Nipissing University awards up to five honorary degrees each year. These degrees are awarded on the basis of national stature, contributions to Nipissing University, society, or scholarships, or academic background. Notable honorary doctors include: Sudbury, Ontario Sudbury , officially

1577-715: Is also fictionalized as "Chinookville" in several books by American comedy writer Jack Douglas , and as "Complexity" in Tomson Highway 's musical play The (Post) Mistress . Noted writers who have lived in Sudbury include playwrights Jean-Marc Dalpé, Sandra Shamas and Brigitte Haentjens , poets Robert Dickson , Roger Nash , Gregory Scofield and Margaret Christakos , fiction writers Kelley Armstrong , Sean Costello , Sarah Selecky , Matthew Heiti and Jeffrey Round , poet Patrice Desbiens , journalist Mick Lowe and academics Richard E. Bennett , Michel Bock , Rand Dyck , Graeme S. Mount and Gary Kinsman . In 2010,

1660-632: Is celebrated with the Franco-Ontarian flag , recognized by the province as an official emblem, which was created in 1975 by a group of teachers at Laurentian University and after some controversy has flown at Tom Davies Square since 2006. The large francophone community plays a central role in developing and maintaining many of the cultural institutions of Sudbury including the Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario , La Nuit sur l'étang , La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario , Le Centre franco-ontarien de folklore and

1743-686: Is divided between the federal electoral districts of Sudbury and Nickel Belt in the House of Commons of Canada , and the provincial electoral districts of Sudbury and Nickel Belt in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario . The federal and provincial districts do not have identical boundaries despite using the same names; most notably, the Walden district of the city is located in Sudbury federally but in Nickel Belt provincially. The city

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1826-710: Is home to an IMAX theatre which screens a program of IMAX films, the Cavern at Science North hosts some gala screenings during Cinéfest and screens science documentaries during the year, and the Sudbury Indie Cinema Co-op programs a repertory cinema lineup of independent and international films as well as organizing both the Junction North and Queer North film festivals. In 2021 the Sudbury Indie Cinema Co-op also launched

1909-647: Is represented federally by Members of Parliament Viviane Lapointe and Marc Serré , both of the Liberal Party of Canada , and provincially by Jamie West and France Gélinas of the Ontario New Democratic Party . The provincial Ministry of Energy, Northern Development and Mines has its head office in the city. Both federal and provincial politics in the city tend to be dominated by the Liberal and New Democratic parties. Historically,

1992-736: Is the francophone Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario (TNO), one of seven organizations residing at the Place des Arts , where it also stages its performances. The Sudbury Theatre Centre , which was the city's only professional English-language theatre company, merged with YES Theatre in 2023, though the building which was previously home to the company retains its original name. Theatrical productions are also staged by several community theatre groups, as well as by high school drama students at Sudbury Secondary School , Lo-Ellen Park Secondary School , St. Charles College and École secondaire Macdonald-Cartier with its troupe Les Draveurs. Postsecondary institutions in

2075-503: The Canadian Federation of Students (CFS-Local 20). Nipissing University has a variety of clubs and activities. Clubs are sanctioned by NUSU and run by students. Common club categories include academics, recreation, volunteerism, current social topics, and religion. Nipissing University has over 20 km of trails. These trails are accessible for hiking in the warmer months and for snowshoeing or cross-country skiing in

2158-596: The City of Greater Sudbury , is the largest city in Northern Ontario by population, with a population of 166,004 at the 2021 Canadian Census . By land area, it is the largest in Ontario and the fifth largest in Canada . It is administratively a single-tier municipality and thus is not part of any district, county, or regional municipality . The City of Greater Sudbury is separate from, but entirely surrounded by

2241-625: The Nipissing Lakers . The school colours are green and blue and the mascot is Louie the Laker. The university offers seven varsity sports and five club sports. They include: Varsity Sports Club Sports Nipissing Athletics is housed in the Robert J. Surtees Student Athletics Centre, which has undergone multiple expansions since it opened in 2001. The Athletic Centre features three full-sized gymnasiums, two squash courts, three fitness studios,

2324-943: The Northern Lights Festival Boréal and La Nuit sur l'étang festivals. Sudbury also hosts Northern Ontario's only Japanese cultural Festival, Japan Festival Sudbury. It started in 2019, went on hiatus for two years during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario , and returned to Sudbury's Bell Park Amphitheatre on July 16, 2022. Works of fiction themed or set primarily or partially in Sudbury or its former suburbs include Robert J. Sawyer 's The Neanderthal Parallax trilogy, Alistair MacLeod 's novel No Great Mischief , Paul Quarrington 's Logan in Overtime , Jean-Marc Dalpé 's play 1932, la ville du nickel and his short story collection Contes sudburois , and Chloé LaDuchesse 's L'Incendiare de Sudbury . The city

2407-672: The Prise de parole publishing company. The city hosted Les Jeux de la francophonie canadienne in 2011. The Sudbury Arts Council was established in 1974. Its mandate is to connect, communicate and celebrate the arts. It has an important role to provide a calendar of events and news about arts and culture activities. The city is home to two art galleries—the Art Gallery of Sudbury and La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario . Both are dedicated primarily to Canadian art, especially artists from Northern Ontario. The city's only professional theatre company

2490-661: The Regional Municipality of Sudbury in 1973, was subsequently merged in 2001 into the single-tier city of Greater Sudbury. In 2006, both of the city's major mining companies, Canadian-based Inco and Falconbridge, were taken over by new owners: Inco was acquired by the Brazilian company CVRD (now renamed Vale ), while Falconbridge was purchased by the Swiss company Xstrata , which itself was purchased by Anglo–Swiss Glencore, forming Glencore Xstrata . Xstrata donated

2573-426: The Regional Municipality of Sudbury in 1973, which was subsequently merged in 2001 into the single-tier city of Greater Sudbury. In common usage, the city's urban core is still generally referred to as Sudbury , while the outlying former towns are still referred to by their old names and continue in some respects to maintain their own distinct community identities despite their lack of political independence. Each of

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2656-654: The Second World War . The Frood Mine alone accounted for 40 percent of all the nickel used in Allied artillery production during the war. After the end of the war, Sudbury was in a good position to supply nickel to the United States government when it decided to stockpile non- Soviet supplies during the Cold War . The open coke beds used in the early to mid-20th century and logging for fuel resulted in

2739-664: The Sudbury District . The city is also referred to as " Ville du Grand Sudbury " among Francophones . The Sudbury region was inhabited by the Ojibwe people of the Algonquin group for thousands of years prior to the founding of Sudbury after the discovery of nickel and copper ore in 1883 during the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway . Greater Sudbury was formed in 2001 by merging

2822-778: The Sudbury Outdoor Adventure Reels Film Festival , devoted to wilderness and adventure films, following several years of the city hosting an annual stop on the Banff Mountain Film Festival 's touring circuit, and in 2022 they launched both the Sudbury's Tiny Underground Film Festival (STUFF) for underground and experimental films, and the Sudbury Indie Creature Kon for horror films. The city has hosted an annual Sudbury Pride festival since 1997. The Up Here Festival , launched in 2015, blends

2905-625: The University Challenge Cup , an annual national competition reserved exclusively for Canadian university and college ringette teams. University ringette is organized by Canadian University & College Ringette Association , commonly known by the abbreviation, "CUR" due to the organization's original name, "Canadian University Ringette". The sport of ringette was invented in North Bay, Ontario (specifically West Ferris ) and Espanola, Ontario in 1963. This Canadian university, college, or tertiary institution–related article

2988-525: The 1992 Earth Summit to recognise the city's community-based environmental reclamation strategies. By 2010, the regreening programs had successfully rehabilitated 3,350 ha (8,300 acres) of land in the city; however, approximately 30,000 ha (74,000 acres) of land have yet to be rehabilitated. Various studies have confirmed that the provincial government's initial claims that the municipal amalgamation would result in cost savings and increased efficiencies have not borne out, and in fact administration of

3071-920: The Enji Giigdoyang Speaker Series. The Aboriginal Advantage Program is a transition program for Indigenous students. It is offered to first year students, whether they are entering from high school, transferring from college, or are a mature student. The Aboriginal Advantage Program gives these students a taste of university by allowing them to earn up to 24 university credits while receiving academic and personal support. The Peer 2 Peer Aboriginal Mentorship Initiative at Nipissing University aims to connect upper year Indigenous students who are new to post-secondary education or those looking for additional resources and supports. Mentors provide academic and cultural support, answer questions about services for students, and attend university and community events with peers. Nipissing University's main campus

3154-570: The Liberals have been stronger in the Sudbury riding, with the New Democrats dominant in Nickel Belt, although both ridings have elected members of both parties at different times. Greater Sudbury Utilities Inc. (GSU) delivers utility services in the city's urban core. Its sole shareholder is the City of Greater Sudbury. The city of Sudbury and its suburban communities were reorganized into

3237-635: The NUWork program are capped at a maximum of ten hours per week and have flexible hours to accommodate class schedules. The majority of work study jobs begin in September and may include positions such as research assistants, athletics facility staff, or technology service technicians. It is expected that students will have explored all possible funding options, including OSAP, before applying for this program. Nipissing University has four residence complexes: Chancellors House, Founders House, Governors House, and

3320-607: The School of Graduate Studies. Nipissing University has approximately 5000 undergraduate students, the majority of which are full-time students, and 150 graduate students (current as of 2016). Applicants entering from high school must have a minimum of 70%, or 75% if applying for a degree in Criminal Justice or Concurrent Education, to be considered for full-time (30 credits) study. Cut-off averages for each program change annually. The graduation rate at Nipissing University

3403-433: The Sudbury area as a prospector in 1901. He is credited with the original discovery of the ore body at Falconbridge . Rich deposits of nickel sulphide ore were discovered in the Sudbury Basin geological formation. The construction of the railway allowed exploitation of these mineral resources and shipment of the commodities to markets and ports, as well as large-scale lumber extraction. Mining began to replace lumber as

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3486-514: The Townhouse Residence Complex. Chancellors, Founders, and Governors are suite-style residences with four students per suite. First-year students coming directly from high school and who receive full-time admission are guaranteed a single room in one of these suite-style residences. The Townhouse Residence Complex is reserved for upper year students (second year and up). The townhouses have a six-bedroom floor plan and represent

3569-450: The air over a much wider area, reducing the acidity of local precipitation. This enabled the municipality, province and Inco and academics from Laurentian University to begin an environmental recovery program in the late 1970s, labelled a "regreening" effort. Lime was spread over the charred soil by hand and by aircraft. Seeds of wild grasses and other vegetation were also spread. As of 2010, 9.2 million new trees have been planted in

3652-469: The amalgamated city costs significantly more than the prior regional government structure did. Sudbury has 330 lakes over 10 ha (25 acres) in size within the city limits. The most prominent is Lake Wanapitei , the largest lake in the world completely contained within the boundaries of a single city. Ramsey Lake , a few kilometres south of downtown Sudbury, held the same record before the municipal amalgamation in 2001 brought Lake Wanapitei fully inside

3735-523: The annual Cup winner. The Lakers would win their first 705 Challenge Cup during the 2019-20 athletics season. The Lakers men's basketball team debuted in U Sports and OUA play in the 2014–15 season. The Lakers made their first and lone playoff appearance in the 2016–2017 season, making it to the quarterfinals of the OUA playoffs, when they were eventually eliminated by the Ryerson Rams. The head coach of

3818-552: The area providing wood for the reconstruction of Chicago after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. While other logging areas in Northeastern Ontario were also involved in that effort, the emergence of mining-related processes in the following decade made it significantly harder for new trees to grow to full maturity in the Sudbury area than elsewhere. The resulting erosion exposed bedrock in many parts of

3901-590: The area. The Office of Indigenous Initiatives aims to help all students reach success at university, whether or not they self-identify as Indigenous. Their services include: Student Success Programming and Advocacy, Enji Giigdoyang Student Lounge and Sacred Space, Elder in Residence program, Wiidooktaadwin Aboriginal Mentorship Initiatives, Debwendizon Annual Aboriginal Youth Education Gathering, Indigenous Week, Annual Welcome Powwow, and

3984-469: The cities and towns of the former Regional Municipality of Sudbury with several previously unincorporated townships. Being located inland, the local climate is extremely seasonal, with average January lows of around −18 °C (0 °F) and average July highs of 25 °C (77 °F). The population resides in an urban core and many smaller communities scattered around 330 lakes and among hills of rock blackened by historical smelting activity. Sudbury

4067-480: The city boundaries. Greater Sudbury has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dfb ). This region has warm and often humid summers with occasional short lasting periods of hot weather, with long, cold and snowy winters. It is situated north of the Great Lakes , making it prone to arctic air masses. Monthly precipitation is equal year round, with snow cover expected for up to six months of

4150-643: The city limits. Sudbury is divided into two main watersheds: to the east is the French River watershed which flows into Georgian Bay and to the west is the Spanish River watershed which flows into the North Channel of Lake Huron . Sudbury is built around many small, rocky mountains with exposed igneous rock of the Canadian (Precambrian) Shield . The ore deposits in Sudbury are part of

4233-631: The city no longer offer training in theatre, following the closures of Theatre programs at Thorneloe University in 2020 and Laurentian University in 2021, as well as the technical production programs at Collège Boréal and Cambrian College . In 2021, YES Theatre unveiled plans for the Refettorio, which would convert a vacant lot on Durham Street near the YMCA into an outdoor theatrical and musical performance space. The space opened in August 2023 with

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4316-709: The city's primary annual film festival, has been staged in September each year since 1989. Two smaller specialist film festivals, the Junction North International Documentary Film Festival for documentary films and the Queer North Film Festival for LGBT -themed films, are also held each year. Mainstream commercial films are screened at the SilverCity theatre complex, which is also the primary venue for most Cinéfest screenings. Science North

4399-483: The city, which was charred in most places to a pitted, dark black appearance. There was not a complete lack of vegetation in the region as paper birch and wild blueberry patches thrived in the acidic soils. During the Apollo crewed lunar exploration program, NASA astronauts trained in Sudbury to become familiar with impact breccia and shatter cones , rare rock formations produced by large meteorite impacts. However,

4482-532: The city. Vale has begun to rehabilitate the slag heaps that surrounds their smelter in the Copper Cliff area with the planting of grass and trees, as well as the use of biosolids to stabilize and regreen tailings areas. In 1978, the workers of Sudbury's largest mining corporation, Inco (now Vale), embarked on a strike over production and employment cutbacks. The strike, which lasted for nine months, badly damaged Sudbury's economy. The city government

4565-479: The community. The Harris Learning Library has a diverse collection of information resources and services, including books, DVDs, archives, streamed videos, e-Books, online journals, and a collection of educational resources. Students have access to learning spaces such as group study rooms, silent study spaces, a brightly lit Thomson Reading Room, a computer lab, and Adaptive Technology rooms. The library welcomes approximately 169 000 visitors each year. On March 30, 2017,

4648-525: The coursework done in these classes. To ensure its funding as a university-level institution, Northeastern University changed its name to Nipissing College and signed an affiliation agreement with Laurentian University in 1967. Students attending Nipissing College in North Bay were also officially students of Laurentian University (headquartered in Sudbury, Ontario , 125 km away) with Laurentian being

4731-539: The decades that followed, Sudbury's economy went through boom and bust cycles as world demand for nickel fluctuated. Demand was high during the First World War , when Sudbury-mined nickel was used extensively in the manufacturing of artillery in Sheffield , England. It bottomed out when the war ended and then rose again in the mid-1920s as peacetime uses for nickel began to develop. The town was reincorporated as

4814-639: The degree-granting institution. In 1972, the College Education Centre officially opened. This building, which is still home to Nipissing University, was shared between multiple other educational institutions including Canadore College , a school of nursing, and a teachers' college. In 1973, the North Bay Teachers' College was incorporated into Nipissing College as the Faculty of Education. Nipissing University received its charter as an independent university in 1992, thus allowing

4897-820: The following years. By 1960, Northeastern University was established and for a short time in 1960–1961, the institution offered first year university courses in Arts, Science, and Commerce in facilities provided by a local Catholic boys' high school. Its application to the Ontario Ministry of Education for a degree-granting university charter was denied on February 28, 1961, and the classes ended shortly thereafter. By mid-1962, Northeastern University had leased new space on Cassells Street in North Bay and arranged for Laurentian University professors to teach extension night classes there. This arrangement continued through mid-1967, with students receiving credits from Laurentian for

4980-803: The help of The Office of Research Services, can apply for internal research grants or external grants from the three major granting agencies, NSERC , SSHRC , and CIHR . Nipissing University receives upwards of $ 350 000 annually from the Research Support Fund to help manage research endeavours at the school. Research facilities, centres, and laboratories at Nipissing University include: Nipissing University hosts an annual Undergraduate Research Conference, to which student from all over Ontario attend. Students may present posters, papers, or art installations. Eligible scholarly works may include, but are not limited to: scientific experiments, case studies, interpretation of literature, or model design and development. Nipissing University has close ties with Indigenous Peoples of

5063-426: The highest decision-making body of NUSU and hold accountable the executives to their job while making decisions on behalf of the student population. NUSU's executives sit on Nipissing University's Board of Governors and Academic Senate. Elections are held annually for executive positions (paid), NUSU Board of Director positions (volunteer) and Student Senator positions (volunteer). NUSU's student membership belongs to

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5146-415: The historic Edison Building , the onetime head office of Falconbridge, to the city in 2007 to serve as the new home of the municipal archives. On September 19, 2008, a fire destroyed the historic Sudbury Steelworkers Hall on Frood Road. A strike at Vale's operations, which began on July 13, 2009, was tentatively resolved in July 2010. The 2009 strike lasted longer than the devastating 1978 strike, but had

5229-436: The library celebrated its one-millionth visitor. The Harris Learning Library was not without controversy when it was named after Premier Harris. Many Indigenous people in the area raised concerns about celebrating Mr. Harris in light of his intervention with the events at Ipperwash . The research culture at Nipissing University is growing quickly as researchers receive more funding for their work. Students and staff, with

5312-437: The major retail, economic, health, and educational center for Northeastern Ontario. Sudbury is also home to a large Franco-Ontarian population, which influences its arts and culture. James Worthington, the superintendent of construction on the Northern Ontario segment of the railway, selected the name Sudbury after Sudbury, Suffolk , in England, which was the hometown of his wife Caroline Hitchcock. The city's official name

5395-444: The new infrastructure demands created by rapid growth — for example, employed mineworkers sometimes ended up living in boarding houses or makeshift shanty towns , because demand for new housing was rising faster than supply. Between 1936 and 1941, the city was ordered into receivership by the Ontario Municipal Board . Another economic slowdown affected the city in 1937, but the city's fortunes rose again with wartime demands during

5478-410: The ore releases this sulphur into the atmosphere where it combines with water vapour to form sulphuric acid , contributing to acid rain . As a result, Sudbury has had a widespread reputation as a wasteland. In parts of the city, vegetation was devastated by acid rain and logging to provide fuel for early smelting techniques. To a lesser extent, the area's ecology was also impacted by lumber camps in

5561-437: The popular misconception that they were visiting Sudbury because it purportedly resembled the lifeless surface of the Moon persists. The city's Nickel District Conservation Authority operates a conservation area , the Lake Laurentian Conservation Area , in the city's south end. Other unique environmental projects in the city include the Fielding Bird Sanctuary, a protected area along Highway 17 near Lively that provides

5644-435: The primary industry as the area's transportation network was improved to include trams. These enabled workers to live in one community and work in another. Sudbury's economy was dominated by the mining industry for much of the 20th century. Two major mining companies were created: Inco in 1902 and Falconbridge in 1928. They became two of the city's major employers and two of the world's leading producers of nickel. Through

5727-474: The railway in 1883, blasting and excavation revealed high concentrations of nickel - copper ore at Murray Mine on the edge of the Sudbury Basin . This discovery brought the first waves of European settlers, who arrived not only to work at the mines, but also to build a service station for railway workers. Sudbury was incorporated as a town in 1893, and its first mayor was Joseph Étienne aka Stephen Fournier . The American inventor Thomas Edison visited

5810-402: The retreat of the last continental ice sheet. In 1850, local Ojibwe chiefs entered into an agreement with the British Crown to share a large tract of land, including what is now Sudbury, as part of the Robinson Huron Treaty . In exchange the Crown pledged to pay an annuity to First Nations people, which was originally set at $ 1.60 per treaty member and increased incrementally; its last increase

5893-419: The school to grant baccalaureate degrees. On December 12, 2001, the government of Ontario passed a bill revising the university's charter to permit it to grant graduate degrees. The governance of Nipissing University is modelled on the provincial University of Toronto Act of 1906, which established a bicameral system of university government consisting of a senate (faculty), responsible for academic policy, and

5976-464: The seven former municipalities in turn encompasses numerous smaller neighbourhoods. Amalgamated cities (2001 Canadian census population) include: Sudbury (85,354) and Valley East (22,374). Towns (2001 Canadian census population) include: Rayside-Balfour (15,046), Nickel Centre (12,672), Walden (10,101), Onaping Falls (4,887), and Capreol (3,486). The Wanup area, formerly an unincorporated settlement outside of Sudbury's old city limits,

6059-699: The student point of view at Nipissing. All students, both full-time and part-time, belong to the Student Union and fund the organization through their incidental fees. NUSU deals with many aspects of student life on campus, including the academic governance of the university and social events. Nipissing University students are able to elect student executive representatives. These roles include: President, VP Governance & Legal Affairs, VP Finance, VP Communications, and VP Services. The executives are also part of NUSU's Board of Directors, which includes another 10 student positions. The Directors-at-Large are part of

6142-817: The team is Thomas Cory, who was hired to replace Chris Cheng in June 2020. The Lakers play their home games at the Robert J. Surtees Athletic Centre on the campus of Nipissing University . The Lakers Nordic team competes in the OUA circuit and the Nordiq Canada race circuit. The team has regularly sent athletes to world junior trials, as well as sending athletes to the World University Games almost every year. The team trains on campus, with over 5 kilometers of groomed trails as well as waxing facilities. The Lakers University ringette team competes annually in

6225-541: The winter. Points of interest include the Lookout Tower and Duchesnay Falls. Students at Nipissing may also partake in intramural sports, such as dodge ball, slo-pitch, and ultimate Frisbee. Fitness classes, which include Zumba, kickboxing, and yoga, are held in the R.J. Surtees Student Athletics Centre and vary by semester. Nipissing University has a Work Study Program (called NUWork) that enables students with financial need to work part-time on campus. Students in

6308-551: The year. Although extreme weather events are rare, one of the worst tornadoes in Canadian history struck the city and its suburbs on August 20, 1970, killing six people, injuring two hundred, and causing more than C$ 17 million (equivalent to $ 132 million in 2023) in damages. The highest temperature ever recorded in Greater Sudbury was 41.1 °C (106.0 °F) on July 13, 1936. The lowest temperature ever recorded

6391-486: Was also annexed into the city in 2001, along with a large wilderness area on the northeastern shore of Lake Wanapitei . Sudbury's culture is influenced by the large Franco-Ontarian community consisting of approximately 40 percent of the city's population, particularly in the amalgamated municipalities of Valley East and Rayside-Balfour and historically in the Moulin-à-Fleur neighbourhood. The French culture

6474-439: Was changed to Greater Sudbury in 2001, when it was amalgamated with its suburban towns into the current city, on the grounds of ensuring that the merger did not erase the longstanding community identities of the outlying towns. In everyday usage, however, the city is still more commonly referred to as just Sudbury. The Sudbury region was inhabited by the Ojibwe people of the Algonquin group as early as 9,000 years ago following

6557-437: Was in 1874, leaving it fixed at $ 4. French Jesuits were the first to establish a European settlement when they set up a mission called Sainte-Anne-des-Pins, just before the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1883. The Sainte-Anne-des-Pins church played a prominent role in the development of Franco-Ontarian culture in the region. Coincidentally, Ste-Anne is the patron saint of miners. During construction of

6640-416: Was once a major lumber center and a world leader in nickel mining. Mining and related industries dominated the economy for much of the 20th century. The two major mining companies which shaped the history of Sudbury were Inco, now Vale Limited , which employed more than 25% of the population by the 1970s, and Falconbridge , now Glencore . Sudbury has since expanded from its resource-based economy to emerge as

6723-693: Was presented with a New Library Building Award from the Ontario Library Association for its architectural design. The Giving Tree, a two-story metal and engineered wood sculpture in the shape of a tree, won the Design Edge Canada Award in 2012. The sculpture stands in the foyer of the library and features the names of the library's donors. Based at the North Bay campus, the Harris Learning Library's services extend to Canadore College, students located at Nipissing's Brantford Campus, online/distance students, and members of

6806-533: Was spurred to launch a project to diversify the city's economy. A unique and visionary project, Science North was inaugurated in 1984 with two-snowflake styled buildings connected by a tunnel through the Canadian shield where the Creighton fault intersects the shores of Lake Ramsey . The city tried to attract new employers and industries through the 1980s and 1990s with mixed success. The city of Sudbury and its suburban communities, which were reorganized into

6889-412: Was −48.3 °C (−54.9 °F) on December 29, 1933. From the city hall at Tom Davies Square , the city is headed by twelve council members and one mayor both elected every four years. The current mayor is Paul Lefebvre , who was elected in the 2022 municipal election . The 2011 operating budget for Greater Sudbury was C$ 471 million, and the city employs 2006 full-time workers. The city

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