The Nipmuc Nation was a non profit entity of the state-recognized tribe Hassanamisco Nipmuc , an Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands based in South Grafton, Massachusetts .
28-734: The Nipmuc Nation also used to work with the Chaubunagungamaug Nipmuck , of Worcester County, Massachusetts . Most of the group's more than 500 members live in and around the Chaubunagungamaug Reservation , Hassanamisco Reservation and the city of Worcester . Cheryll Toney Holley was elected as the chief of the Hassanamisco Nipmuc Band in 2013. In 2004, the Bureau of Indian Affairs determined that this group did not meet four of
56-549: A Westborough, Massachusetts , nursing home from Parkinson's disease at the age of 68. In January 2009 a Department of Youth Services facility located at 288 Lyman Street in the town of Westborough was formally named the Zara Cisco Brough "Princess White Flower" Facility through House Bill 3231 in 2009. Zara Cisco Brough, also spelled Ciscoe, was born on January 3, 1919, in New York City , New York. She
84-789: A Nipmuc individual egregiously designated as a "Miscellaneous Indian" on the Earle Report, eight percent descend from Connecticut Indians, and three percent have other Indian ancestry. Chaubunagungamaug Nipmuck Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 552212309 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:52:50 GMT Zara Cisco Brough Zara Cisco Brough (January 3, 1919 – January 7, 1988), also called Princess White Flower, served as
112-879: A civilian consultant to the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. In recognition of her work the United States Air force awarded her the United States Air Force Award of Superior Performance. In 1959 she left New York to return home to take care of her ageing mother. After her arrival, Brough accepted the job of vice president of the former Ibis Corporation located in Waltham, Massachusetts, which specialized in electronic and environmental consultation. Having returned to her ancestral home, Brought sought involvement in activist and political organizations. In
140-534: A substantially continuous basis since 1900. For the period from 1900 to 1979, there were no external identifications of a Nipmuck entity broader than some of the Hassanamisco proprietary descendants. The Nipmuc Nation group does not meet the Federal criterion which requires that a predominant portion of the petitioning group comprise a distinct community from historical times until the present. From 1785 through
168-601: The Chief of the Nipmuc Nation , a state-recognized tribe in Massachusetts , from 1962 until 1987. She is best known for her work to preserve Nipmuc heritage. During her lifetime she worked as an electronics engineer, fashion designer, drafter, technical writer, and supervisor of government projects. She held the post of "State commissioner for Indian Affairs" from 1974 to 1984. On January 7, 1988, Brough died at
196-588: The Native American peoples. This resulted in the Nipmuc being placed on "active consideration" for federal recognition by 11 July 1995. Although the tribe gained state recognition, they were denied federal recognition. In recognition of her efforts for the betterment of the community a Massachusetts Department of Youth Services Facility located at 288 Lyman Street in Westborough was formally named as
224-548: The "Final Determination to Decline Federal Acknowledgment of The Nipmuck Nation" (June 2004) and as such represents the views of the Department of the Interior and may differ from the views of Nipmuc Nation representatives. Note also that the following delineates the determinations which were unmet rather than those that were satisfied. The Hassanamisco Reservation was sold in 1727, except for 500 acres (2.0 km), which
252-711: The Board of Trustees of the Riverside, Old and Indian Cemeteries, Grafton Taxpayers Association and the Grafton Player's Club. In addition to her involvement with numerous committees she chaired the board of directors of the Hassanamisco Reservation Foundation Trust, which works to promote and ensure preservation of Nipmuc tribal lands and heritage. In addition to her career as a consultant and position of leadership as Chief of
280-598: The Grafton school system. Brough attended engineering college in Washington D.C and went on to take special courses at the New York University, New York. She took up residence after completing her course and, working as a draftsperson, fashion designer, technical writer and supervisor of government projects. She also co-owned a textile printing company during her stay in Washington D.C. Brough served as
308-613: The Massachusetts Enfranchisement Act of 1869, an act which " detribalized " the historical Hassanamisco Indians and temporarily ended the State's relationship with them. At the time of the petition, the Nipmuc Nation group had 526 members. The Federal government rejected the Nipmuc Nation's argument that it has had continuous State recognition with a reservation. The Sisco family, one of the families in
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#1732773170864336-402: The Nipmuc Nation, Brough was a published writer. In her capacity as an electronics engineer, worked in collaboration with Vance Parker and Brent Haslam and published research detailing theoretical applications of "Pattern Ratio Technique" to arrays. The findings were published in a 1969 scholastic issue of Defense Technical Information Center . Her published works include poetry, retellings of
364-847: The Nipmuc branch of the council. Brough served on the Grafton Planning Board and Central Massachusetts Planning Board, and was involved in a number of other organizations such as the Grafton Forest Association, the Framingham Historical Society, the National Geographic Society, the Natural History Museum of New York, Mendon Historical Society, National Congress of American Indians, Technical Writers and Publishers Society, Worcester Art Museum,
392-597: The charter of the Hassanamisco Foundation. According to the new amendments, Nipmuc reservation lands will never leave Nipmuc hands even if the Cisco bloodline comes to an end. The Cisco Homestead was also later recognized as an endangered historic resource and came under federal protection in 2009. Brough was actively involved in the Council of New England Indians. She organized the Council and established
420-819: The coming years, she worked in defense of the Nipmuc nation from cultural and historical dissolution. Brough was named chief of the Nipmuc people in 1959. In 1962 she founded the Hassanamisco Museum which was nicknamed "Memorial to the Eastern American Indian" to document and preserve Nipmuc heritage. The mission of the museum has now extended to include the historical preservation of hundreds of other Native American ethnic groups. The Hassanamisco Museum contains displays of artifacts, manuscripts, crafts, tribally specific legends, and news clippings pertaining to many Native American ethnic groups. She
448-430: The early 1950s there continued to be a limited community made up of some of the descendants of the original Hassanamisco families residing in Grafton and in the city of Worcester, Massachusetts but only two percent of the Nipmuc petitioner's members descend from the Hassanamisco property-owning families. It was not sufficiently proven that a community of Webster / Dudley Indian descendants and other Indians ancestral to
476-535: The history of the Nipmuc people, and books of Nipmuc recipes. For her committed involvement with the community she was awarded the Camp Fire Girls Certificate of Appreciation of Outstanding Service in 1970. Brough is well known for her work to preserve Nipmuc heritage. Her most concerted effort was a petition for Nipmucs to be granted the status of one of the Federally recognized tribes of
504-608: The owner of the Hassanamisco Reservation property, created a number of lists of Nipmuc Indians. The evolving governing documents and membership lists of the period from 1961 through 1979 expanded the definition of the Nipmuck group beyond the Hassanamisco to include families. The available evidence did not indicate to the government's satisfaction that the Nipmuc Nation maintained political influence over its members as an autonomous entity from historical times until
532-532: The petition, retains ownership of 2.5 acres (10,000 m) of land originally reserved for the historical Hassanamisco Indians. This is the land in the Town of Grafton that is known as the "Hassanamisco Reservation." The Bureau of Indian Affairs determined that only two percent of the current membership of the Nipmuck Nation group descends from the historical Hassanamisco Indians. For at least 107 years, there
560-407: The petitioner's members had coalesced around some of those Hassanamisco families by the 1920s. During the 1920s and 1930s there was some limited interaction in the context of pan-Indian organizations which also had non-Nipmuc and non-Indian members. The petitioner's ancestors did not constitute a distinct community from the 1920s through the 1950s. During the 1960s and 1970s, Zara Cisco Brough , then
588-415: The present. Two percent of the members (which is 11 out of 526) descend from the historical Hassanamisco/Grafton Nipmuck tribe that was identified on the Earle Report in 1861. Fifty-three percent of the members (277 of 526) descend from six families (' Jaha, Humphrey, Belden, Pegan/Wilson, Pegan, Sprague ) that were identified as Dudley/Webster Indians in 1861. Thirty-four percent of the members descend from
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#1732773170864616-605: The seven mandatory requirements to be a federally recognized tribe . The Nipmuc Nation founded a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization , the Nipmuc Nation Tribal Council, Inc. , based in South Grafton, Massachusetts , in 1998. The following is based upon "Proposed Finding Against Federal Acknowledgment of the Webster / Dudley Band of Chaubunagungamaug Nipmuck Indians" (Oct. 2001) and reiterated in
644-655: Was James Printer (died 1712), who worked as a typesetter in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was credited for his assistance in the Algonquin language Eliot Indian Bible , the first translation of the Bible into a native language. Zara Cisco was descended from James Printer. Brough's grandfather Chief James Lemeul Ciscoe was named chief of the Hassanamisco Nipmuc , and her great-grandfather Samuel C. Cisco
672-620: Was a Chief of the Narragansett people . Her mother was also a chief the Nipmuc Nation. Brough spent her childhood at the Hassanamisco Indian reservation in Grafton , Massachusetts . According to her own account her interest in native Indian cultural heritage and history was sparked by her grandfather, who used to tell her about tribal traditions and rituals during her childhood. Brough received her primary education from
700-523: Was also responsible for the acquisition of dredging rights to Lake Ripple on behalf the Nipmuc Nation. Brough helped establish the Massachusetts Commission on Indian Affairs , which was created in 1974. Being a founding member of the commission, she was nominated for the position of Commissioner of Indian Affairs, a post which she held for 8 years from 1976 to 1984. During her tenure as the commissioner, she successfully lobbied to amend
728-419: Was divided from 1727 to 1730 among seven Hassanamisco proprietary families who were each given individual ownership. The land was not the common property of a tribal entity and the State did not hold title to the reserved Hassanamisco property. There was no common fund, but each property-owning family got a share in the funds received from the sale of the land. The historical Hassanamisco Indians were affected by
756-609: Was no State-recognized Indian entity and no State supervision. A limited relationship was created between the Hassanamisco Nipmuc's and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts after the establishment of the Massachusetts Commission on Indian Affairs (MCIA) in 1976. As such, the Nipmuc Nation does not meet the Federal criterion which requires that it has been identified as an American Indian entity on
784-611: Was the daughter of Sarah Cisco Sullivan and Charles Brough, and the granddaughter of James Lemuel Cisco. Her ancestry is traced back to William of Sudbury (1596–1676), who was also known by the names Naaos, Naoas, and Nataous. He served as a deacon in the Native church at Hassanamesit, which later came to be known as Grafton. According to the account by Richard W. Cogley in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register , William of Sudbury fathered four sons, one of whom
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