Misplaced Pages

#919080

83-603: The Mexican federal government began the project over twenty years ago. The community is currently home to luxury villas and estates that include canals lined with tropical gardens, each with private docking piers. The area also offers new deluxe resort amenities on more than 5 miles of white sandy beach. The marina development features a 3,000-slip state-of-the-art marina and PADI 1-Star Career Development Dive Center. Condominiums are also available to visitors and residents alike. Between 1980 and 1990, Nuevo Nayarit's population increased from 57,028 to 111,457 inhabitants. A new marina

166-526: A Chief Coroner (or Chief Medical Examiner) and comprise coroners or medical examiners appointed by the executive council . The provinces of Alberta , Manitoba , Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador now have a Medical Examiner system, meaning that all death investigations are conducted by specialist physicians trained in Forensic Pathology , with the assistance of other medical and law enforcement personnel. All other provinces run on

249-547: A PADI Divemaster registered with PADI to run the specific course. Some additional training and course attendance is required. These courses do not include actual diving skills, just skills or knowledge that may be useful while diving or interesting in the context of diving. Some PADI training standards have been found to be ambiguous of contradictory, For example, the PADI Advanced Open Water Diver course does not require direct instructor supervision of

332-517: A cause of death. Some coroners are elected with others appointed. Some coroners hold office by virtue of holding another office. For example, in Nebraska, a county's district attorney is also the county's coroner. Similarly, in many counties in Texas, the justice of the peace may be in charge of death investigation. In yet other places, the sheriff may be the lawful coroner. In different jurisdictions

415-412: A coroner system. In Prince Edward Island , and Ontario , all coroners are, by law, physicians . In the other provinces and territories with a coroner system, namely British Columbia , Saskatchewan , Quebec , New Brunswick , Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon , coroners are not necessarily physicians but generally have legal, medical, or investigative backgrounds. The Coroner's Court

498-422: A dead body lying in the district of a coroner has a duty to report it to the coroner; failure to do so is an offence. This can include bodies brought into England or Wales . The coroner has a team of coroner's officers (previously often ex-police officers, but increasingly from a nursing or other paramedical background) who carry out the investigation on the coroner's behalf. A coroner's investigation may involve

581-1174: A donation to the program when sending in their application for a new certification. In 2006, PADI was severely criticized by a Coroner's court in the United Kingdom for providing what experts regarded as short and insufficient training. Although PADI training standards differ from those formerly prevalent in the United Kingdom under the BSAC system, PADI training standards are consistent with World Recreational Scuba Training Council standards. On 9 August 2012, Lincolnshire Management and Providence Equity Partners jointly acquired PADI from Seidler Equity Partners. In 2015, Providence Equity Partners acquired majority stake of PADI from Lincolnshire Management. In 2017, Providence Equity Partners LLC sold PADI to Canadian investment firm Altas Partners and French private equity firm Florac for 700 million USD, through an entity called Mandarin fish Holding. In 2018, PADI launched PADI Travel, an online dive travel resource and booking platform for dive resort and live-aboard packages. In 2021, PADI reported it had

664-606: A high-profile inquest, such as those into the deaths of Diana, Princess of Wales and the victims of the 2005 London bombings . Coronial services in Northern Ireland are broadly similar to those in England and Wales, including dealing with treasure trove cases under the Treasure Act 1996 . Northern Ireland has three coroners, who oversee the province as a whole. They are assisted by coroners' liaison officers and

747-546: A jury, as a check on the possible abuse of governmental power. Coroners also have a role in treasure cases. This role arose from the ancient duty of the coroner as a protector of the property of the Crown. It is now contained in the Treasure Act 1996 . This jurisdiction is no longer exercised by local coroners, but by specialist "coroners for treasure" appointed by the Chief Coroner. The coroner's former power to name

830-478: A medical officer. As of 2004 , of the 2,342 death investigation offices in the United States, 1,590 were coroners' offices, 82 of which served jurisdictions of more than 250,000 people. Qualifications for coroners are set by individual states and counties in the U.S. and vary widely. In many jurisdictions, little or no training is required, even though a coroner may overrule a forensic pathologist in naming

913-495: A membership of over 128,000 professional members and 6,600 dive centers, and had awarded more than 28 million diving certifications internationally. PADI operates in 186 countries and territories. From 2015-2020, the average male to female membership split was approximately 63% to 37% respectively. The organization hosts Women's Dive Day events across the globe in an effort to increase awareness for women divers . PADI courses are performance-based diver training programs, and at

SECTION 10

#1732775322920

996-652: A nationally or state accredited training provider. PADI courses are recognized, recommended and cited by the institutions and organizations listed below for both recreational diving and vocational training . PADI courses are recommended for college credit in the US by ACE. PADI is a member of the United States Recreational Scuba Training Council (RSTC). Recognition's and equivalencies has been established between PADI and Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques ,

1079-521: A range of categories, including "Essentials", "Safety Focus", "Advanced Skills", "Cold Water", "Conservation", " Photography ", "Discovery", " Freediving " and " Technical Diving ". For the youth demographic, the Padi Seal Team and Bubblemaker Programs are provided for students ages 8+. As of 2023, the courses in "Beginner", "Continuing Education" and "Professional" categories include: PADI training standards are generally inaccessible to

1162-519: A registered nonprofit organization with an environmental mission and purpose. PADI continues to partner with PADI AWARE, supporting the organization with in-kind services, donations through its processes and connection to the PADI network of divers, dive professionals and dive centers. PADI AWARE information has been integrated in most courses and divers are offered the chance to exchange their normal certification card for an AWARE-certification card by making

1245-793: A result of injuries or drugs. Two different death investigation systems have developed in Canada: the Coroner's system and the Medical Examiner's system. The Coroner's system is used in the majority of provinces and territories. It is a system that is centuries old and originated in Great Britain. It is found throughout the world in countries that were former British colonies, including Canada. The Medical Examiner's system (used in Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador)

1328-465: A set of questions posed by the coroner to himself or to the jury (as appropriate). Lawful killing includes lawful self-defence . There is no material difference between an accidental death conclusion and one of misadventure. Neglect cannot be a conclusion by itself. It must be part of another conclusion. A conclusion of neglect requires that there was a need for relevant care (such as nourishment, medical attention, shelter or warmth) identified, and there

1411-421: A simple review of the circumstances, ordering a post-mortem examination, or they may decide that an inquest is appropriate. When a person dies in the custody of the legal authorities (in police cells, or in prison ), an inquest must be held. In England, inquests are usually heard without a jury (unless the coroner wants one). However, a case in which a person has died under the control of central authority must have

1494-467: A small laurel or myrtle wreath (Lat. corona or serta ) on his head so that he might be accepted in glory in the afterlife. The use was already of ancient Greece and see e. g. Theophilus Christophorus Harles ( Bionis smyrnaei and Moschi syracusani quae supersunt etc. P. 40. Erlangen, 1780), who quotes Euripides, Clement of Alexandria, Chionus of Heraclea and others in this regard; see also James Claude Upshaw Downs: "The origin of official death investigation

1577-425: A specialty instructor for several specialties, without demonstrating competence to teach or even perform those specialties, including Dry Suit Diver, which requires a significant skill set and understanding of the principles to be done safely. PADI offers a specialty program called Public Safety Diver for divers who are either employed in or serve as volunteers in the public safety diving sector principally within

1660-559: A specific training program, in 1973, later launching the modular scuba program. By 1979, PADI was producing 100,000 certifications a year after previously hitting 25,000 a year. PADI was the first organization to use confined water or pool dives for training new divers and introduced the PADI Rescue Diver course and manual for rescue training during the 1980s. In 1989, PADI founded Project AWARE to help conserve underwater environments. In 1992, Project AWARE Foundation became

1743-567: A student during "adventure dives", which may include a diver's first experience using a dry suit, while the standard for the PADI Dry Suit Diver course requires not only direct supervision of the student by the instructor, during open water dives, but also that open water dives must be preceded by a theory class, and a confined water skills training session, both of which must be satisfactorily completed before venturing into open water. A PADI Open Water Instructor can be registered as

SECTION 20

#1732775322920

1826-429: A suspect in the inquest conclusion and commit them for trial has been abolished. The coroner's conclusion sometimes is persuasive for the police and Crown Prosecution Service , but normally proceedings in the coroner's court are suspended until after the outcome of any criminal case is known. More usually, a coroner's conclusion is also relied upon in civil proceedings and insurance claims . The coroner commonly tells

1909-938: A worldwide group of dive shops and resorts committed to selling PADI products and promoting the PADI diving and marketing philosophy. PADI Worldwide, Inc., contracts directly with member dive shops, to join the RRA, and PADI Americas, Inc., administers the RRA in the United States. A PADI 5 Star Dive Center is a dive centre that exclusively offers PADI training and certification, has been a PADI dive centre for at least 12 months, with no verified violations of PADI quality assurance over that period and no open QA investigations, and have been awarded all three of PADI's dive centre recognition awards (the criteria for which do not appear to be publicly available). The centre must also advertise to recruit and retain customers. The centre must have provided at least one course each of Advanced Open Water Diver, PADI Rescue Diver, and Divemadter or Assistant Instructor, in

1992-519: Is 25 °C (77 °F) and in the summer months the high temperatures can reach 32 °C (90 °F). 20°42′N 105°18′W  /  20.700°N 105.300°W  / 20.700; -105.300 This article about a location in the Mexican state of Nayarit is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Professional Association of Diving Instructors The Professional Association of Diving Instructors ( PADI )

2075-612: Is a recreational diving membership and diver training organization founded in 1966 by John Cronin and Ralph Erickson. PADI courses range from entry level to advanced recreational diver certification. Further, they provide several diving skills courses connected with specific equipment or conditions, some diving related informational courses and a range of recreational diving instructor certifications. They also offer various technical diving courses. As of 2020, PADI claims to have issued 28 million scuba certifications. The levels are not specified and may include minor specialisations. Some of

2158-506: Is a police officer with technical and scientific knowledge in the service of justice and a professional specialized in finding or providing so-called material evidence through the scientific analysis of traces produced and left in the commission of crimes", what, in case of the Physician-Legists (inserted in the aforementioned career), applies in relation to highly complex federal crimes involving corpses that need to be examined by

2241-439: Is composed of modules with standardized learning objectives divided into theory and practical skills development. Each module is a stand-alone course for which certification is provided to the participant on successful completion of the course. Theory is mainly conveyed by way of self-study using books or digital training using PADI E-Learning. All study options are supplemented with video and, in most cases, live instruction to help

2324-475: Is just over one century old and originated in the United States. Although there are some differences between the two systems, the ultimate goal of each is the same—to investigate certain deaths defined in their legislation and establish the identity of the deceased together with the cause of death and the manner of death. In 21st-century Canada the officer responsible for investigating all unnatural and natural unexpected, unexplained, or unattended deaths goes under

2407-463: Is largely by limitations on the certified diver's recommended range of acceptable environmental and equipment options and providing profitable additional training programmes to extend these options by small increments. PADI offers dive shops and training centers the opportunity to affiliate with the PADI brand by becoming a member of the PADI Retailer and Resort Association (PADI RRA) which is

2490-485: Is no longer possible. Any medical coroner still in office will either have been appointed before 2013, or, exceptionally, will hold both medical and legal qualifications. Formerly, every justice of the High Court was ex officio a coroner for every district in England and Wales. This is no longer so; there are now no ex officio coroners. A senior judge is sometimes appointed ad hoc as a deputy coroner to undertake

2573-685: Is no more than a professional organisation and certifying agency, and its members operate independently, and PADI is therefore not responsible for their actions or omissions. In a civil case in Missoula, Montana, where PADI Open Water Diver Linnea Mills drowned during a PADI course where the PADI dive shop and PADI instructor allegedly contravened both PADI training standards, PADI business practices, and several other procedures generally considered safe recreational diving practice, PADI's argument that Gull Dive and their staff were neither its agents nor employees, and that it could not be held responsible for

Nuevo Vallarta - Misplaced Pages Continue

2656-476: Is responsible to inquire into the causes and circumstances of some deaths. The Coroner is a judicial officer who has the power to: The Coroner makes orders after considering the pathologist's report. The Coroners Service is a network of Coroners situated across Ireland, usually covering areas based on Ireland's traditional counties. They are appointed by local authorities as independent experts and must be either qualified doctors or lawyers. Their primary function

2739-595: Is supervised by the Chief Coroner , a judge appointed by the Lord Chief Justice after consulting the Lord Chancellor. The Chief Coroner provides advice, guidance and training to coroners and aims to secure uniformity of practice throughout England and Wales. The post is currently part-time. The present Chief Coroner is Alexia Durran . England and Wales are divided into coroner districts by

2822-490: Is targeted on increasing the support diver's awareness of the challenged diver's abilities and limitations, and how to effectively assist in their management. Prerequisites are Open Water Diver , in date Emergency First Response primary and secondary care, and recommended PADI Peak Performance Buoyancy . The course covers diving with people with reduced mobility and supporting divers who are blind or have less obvious disabilities, and focuses on what disabled people can do, to help

2905-542: Is to investigate any sudden, unexplained, violent or unnatural death in order to allow a death certificate to be issued. Any death due to unnatural causes will require an inquest to be held. Two coronial services operate in New Zealand. The older one deals only with deaths before midnight of 30 June 2007 that remain under investigation. The new system operates under the Coroners Act 2006 , which: In Sri Lanka,

2988-553: Is traced to at least 44 B.C. with the Greek Physician Antistius's examination of Julius Caesar (Fisher 1993; Gawande 2001). The history of the office of coroner extends well over a millennium and has seen major evolution etc." ( Coroner and Medical Examiner in Handbook of Death and Dying ed. by Clifton D. Bryant. V. 1, p. 909. 2003.) Australian coroners are responsible for investigating and determining

3071-435: Is under construction, and the constructors have fifteen long-term lease programs. The construction consists of the removal of existing docks, pilings, and ramps in order to build six new docks with 230 mooring spaces ranging from 22 to 130 feet (6.7 to 39.6 m) long. In winter, the caguama turtles lay their eggs on the beaches of Nuevo Nayarit. Caguama turtles have been in danger of extinction since 1978. Some people steal

3154-757: The Colombian Navy , and Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins (FFESSM). PADI is also a registered training organisation in Australia . As of 2012, PADI rescue diver and divemaster programs are included on the United Kingdom 's Health and Safety Executive list of approved diving qualifications. Those PADI courses aligning with standards published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for 'Recreational diving services' were audited by

3237-715: The European Underwater Federation (EUF) Certification Body in 2004 and 2009, and were certified at both times as complying with these standards. The relevant certifications may include: Most PADI training programes are not directly covered by ISO standards. PADI is a member of the following member councils of the World Recreational Scuba Training Council – the RSTC Canada , the RSTC Europe and

3320-702: The Ministry of Justice appoints Inquirers into Sudden Deaths under the Code of Criminal Procedure to carry out an inquest into the death of a sudden, unexpected and suspicious nature. Some large cities such as Colombo and Kandy have a City Coroners' Court attached to the main city hospital, with a Coroner and Additional Coroner. In the United Kingdom a coroner is a specialist judge. Whilst coroners are appointed and paid by local authorities , they are not employees of those local authorities but rather independent judicial office holders who can be removed from office only by

3403-477: The procurator fiscal and dealt with by fatal accident inquiries conducted by the sheriff for the area. The coroner's jurisdiction is limited to determining who the deceased was and how, when and where they came by their death. When the death is suspected to have been either sudden with unknown cause, violent, or unnatural, the coroner decides whether to hold a post-mortem examination and, if necessary, an inquest . The majority of deaths are not investigated by

Nuevo Vallarta - Misplaced Pages Continue

3486-589: The Boy and Girl Scouts to PADI diving instruction, to the more recently popular geolocation game Foursquare, badges have been successfully used to set goals, motivate behaviors, represent achievements, and communicate success in many contexts." PADI's environmental emphasis is cited in the 2007 book, New Frontiers in Marine Tourism , in its section, Dive Tourism, Sustainable Tourism and Social Responsibility: A Growing Agenda – Environmental management and education:

3569-556: The C-Card Council (Japan) . PADI is recognised as the largest recreational diver training agency with the largest rate of issue of diver certification, and the largest membership of professional instructors and dive leaders in recreational diving. They are a for-profit organization focused on efficiency of training of the largest number of customers. To gain membership of PADI, a person must agree to follow PADI training standards, be reviewed by PADI for quality assurance, sign

3652-522: The Chartered Institute of Legal Executives (CILEx) with at least five years' qualified experience. This reflects the role of a coroner: to determine the cause of death of a deceased in cases where the death was sudden, unexpected, occurred abroad, was suspicious in any way, or happened while the person was under the control of central authority (e.g., in police custody ). Until 2013 a qualified medical practitioner could be appointed, but that

3735-609: The Crown, derived from the French couronne and Latin corona , meaning "crown". The office of the coroner dates from approximately the 11th century, shortly after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The office of coroner was established by lex scripta in Richard I 's England. In September 1194, it was decreed by Article 20 of the " Articles of Eyre " to establish the office of custos placitorum coronae ( Latin for "keeper of

3818-706: The Forensic Medicine and Dentistry Sector linked to the National Institute of Criminalistics. Throughout the federative units , the Civil Polices (in Federal District and other 8 States ) or Scientific Polices (in all other 18 States) disposes of their own Legal-Medical Institutes (mainly responsible for confirming the authorship, dynamics and materiality of offenses involving living beings or their respective corpses) and, with

3901-414: The Lord Chancellor, each district consisting of the area or areas of one or more local authorities. The relevant local authority, with the consent of the Chief Coroner and the Lord Chancellor, must appoint a senior coroner for the district. It must also appoint area coroners (in effect deputies to the senior coroner) and assistant coroners, to the number that the Lord Chancellor considers necessary in view of

3984-676: The Lord Chief Justice and the Lord Chancellor. The Ministry of Justice , which is headed by the Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice , is responsible for coronial law and policy. However it has no operational responsibility for the running of coroners' courts. There are separate coroners services for England and Wales and for Northern Ireland . There are no longer coroners in Scotland. Coroners existed in Scotland between about 1400 and 1800 when they ceased to be used. Now deaths requiring judicial examination are reported to

4067-508: The U.S., the coroner has the authority to arrest the county sheriff or assume their duties under certain circumstances. For example, in Indiana, Colorado, Idaho, Kentucky, Ohio, Alabama, and North Carolina, statutes grant coroners these powers, serving as a check on the sheriff's authority. In Ohio, the coroner can assume the sheriff’s duties if the sheriff is incapacitated or otherwise unable to act. Duties always include determining

4150-517: The United States. This certification is not recognised in some countries which have national standards for occupational diving qualifications and require registration with a national body. PADI, via its subsidiary, Emergency First Response, Corp , distributes the following programs in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and first aid for both divers and non-divers: These may not be recognised by health and safety authorities in some jurisdictions where workplace first aid certification must be through

4233-488: The backing of their dive center." Coroner A coroner is a government or judicial official who is empowered to conduct or order an inquest into the manner or cause of death . The official may also investigate or confirm the identity of an unknown person who has been found dead within the coroner's jurisdiction. In medieval times, English coroners were Crown officials who held financial powers and conducted some judicial investigations in order to counterbalance

SECTION 50

#1732775322920

4316-625: The case of medical examiners , such activity has always been privative to physicians , but necessarily policeful , reason why its common denomination, Médicos-Legistas (Physician-Legists), is due to such bionicity. In the Department of Federal Police , according to the National Association of Federal Forensic Experts ( Associação Nacional dos Peritos Criminais Federais – APCF ), "the Federal Forensic Expert

4399-414: The case of PADI, (Chapter Seven). "PADI, as well as other diver certification organisations and individual businesses, has put significant resources into conservation and developed public awareness programs". New Frontiers in Marine Tourism also cites in the section entitled Student Scholarships and Social Responsibility: A Growing Agenda for PADI, that "The PADI Scholarship program … is a good example of

4482-485: The cause is unknown, where a death is the result of poisoning or industrial injury, or if it occurred in police custody or prison. The coroner's court is a court of law , and accordingly the coroner may summon witnesses. Those found to be lying are guilty of perjury . Additional powers of the coroner may include the power of subpoena and attachment , the power of arrest , the power to administer oaths , and sequester juries of six during inquests. Any person aware of

4565-491: The cause of death for those cases reported to them. In all states and territories, a coroner is a magistrate with legal training, and is attached to a local court. Five states – New South Wales , Queensland , South Australia , Victoria and Western Australia – also have state coroners and specialised coronial courts. In Tasmania , the Chief Magistrate also acts as the state coroner. In Brazil, almost like in

4648-449: The cause, time and manner of death. The coroner/ME typically uses the same investigatory skills of a police detective because the answers are available from the circumstances, scene, and recent medical records. Many American jurisdictions require that any death not certified by an attending physician be referred to the medical examiner for the location where the death occurred. Only a small percentage of deaths require an autopsy to determine

4731-503: The certifications align with WRSTC and ISO standards, and these are recognised worldwide. Some other certification is unique to PADI and has no equivalence anywhere, or may be part of other agencies' standards for certification for more general diving skill levels. In 1966, PADI was founded by John Cronin and Ralph Erickson. Cronin was originally a NAUI instructor who decided to form his own organization with Erickson, and to break diver training down into several modular courses instead of

4814-408: The coroner's jurisdiction. A coroner's office typically maintains death records of those who have died within the coroner's jurisdiction. The additional roles that a coroner may oversee in judicial investigations may be subject to the attainment of suitable legal and medical qualifications. The qualifications required of a coroner vary significantly between jurisdictions and are described below under

4897-420: The coroner. If the deceased has been under medical care, or has been seen by a doctor within 14 days of death, then the doctor can issue a death certificate. However, if the deceased died without being seen by a doctor, or if the doctor is unwilling to make a determination, the coroner will investigate the cause and manner of death. The coroner will also investigate when a death is deemed violent or unnatural, where

4980-480: The county records became an independent office, which after 1836 was held by the lord-lieutenant of each county. The person who found a body from a death thought sudden or unnatural was required to raise the " hue and cry " and to notify the coroner. While coronial manuals written for sheriffs, bailiffs, justices of the peace and coroners were published in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, handbooks specifically written for coroners were distributed in England in

5063-493: The death of a client of Gull Dive was overruled by a judge, who stated that PADI exerted control over Gull Dive and its instructors by way of its membership agreement, which obliged members to follow its standards and instructions. Adaptive Support Diver is a course for divers who Want to support a dive buddy with a physical or mental barrier to full independence as a recreational diver, and must rely on some support from one or more support divers for acceptable safety. The training

SECTION 60

#1732775322920

5146-454: The eighteenth century. Coroners were introduced into Wales following its military conquest by Edward I of England in 1282 through the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284. Going further back in time, we find that the term comes from antiquity, namely when the deceased was entrusted to the coronator , that is to a necrofor who prepared the corpse according to custom and, among other things, put

5229-419: The entry for each jurisdiction. Coroners, medical examiners and forensic pathologists are different professions. They have different roles and responsibilities. The office of coroner originated in medieval England and has been adopted in many countries whose legal systems have at some time been subject to English or United Kingdom law . In Middle English, the word "coroner" referred to an officer of

5312-440: The exception of Paraná , the Physician-Legists constitute a police career of their own. According to Statistics Canada , Death investigation is the responsibility of each individual Canadian province and territory—there is no overarching federal authority. As a result, each province and territory has developed their own system and legislation to fulfill the mandate of investigating deaths that are unexpected, unexplained, or as

5395-461: The introductory level emphasizes practical knowledge, safety and motor skills. The basics of diving physics and physiology are introduced during entry level programs. The details of these concepts are left for later courses when they are necessary for the required competences of the specific training. According to PADI, these practices fall within current modern learning philosophies and receive regular updates via peer review. The PADI training system

5478-413: The jury which conclusions are lawfully available in a particular case. The most common short-form conclusions include: Alternatively, an inquest may return a narrative conclusion , a brief statement explaining the circumstances how the person came about their death. A coroner giving a narrative conclusion may choose to refer to the other conclusion. A narrative conclusion may also consist of answers to

5561-451: The medical examiner does not need any medical or educational qualifications. Not all U.S. jurisdictions use a coroner system for medicolegal death investigation—some operate with only a medical examiner system, while others operate on a mixed coroner–medical examiner system. In the U.S., the terms "coroner" and "medical examiner" vary widely in meaning by jurisdiction, as do qualifications and duties for these offices. Advocates have promoted

5644-442: The medical examiner model as more accurate given the more stringent qualifications. Local laws define the deaths a coroner must investigate. The most often legally required investigation is for sudden or unexpected deaths, in addition to deaths where no attending physician was present. Additionally, the law often requires investigations for deaths that are suspicious (as defined by jurisdiction) or violent. In several states across

5727-612: The membership agreement and pay the annual membership dues, for which they are allowed to buy PADI course materials, resell them to their customers, and use the PADI trademarks and logos for marketing their services. In early 2024 PADI dive centres in Africa and the Middle East were prohibited from offering scuba diving training with certification from any agency other than PADI. PADI marketing puts an emphasis on convenience, fun and continued attendance on PADI courses. Risk management

5810-681: The participant visualize what they have read. Confirmation of the student diver's level of competence in standardized knowledge review sessions is carried out by a scuba instructor using both written tests and personal observation during dives to verify the student's knowledge and skills. Practical skills are obtained through confined water training (pools or relatively shallow water) and performance evaluations in open water . PADI courses target four progressive experience demographics, designated by PADI as "Youth", "Beginner", "Continuing Education" and "Professional". Options are available for students or instructors to attain additional certifications across

5893-464: The physical character and population of the district. The cost of the coroner service for the district falls upon the local authority or authorities concerned, and thus ultimately upon the local inhabitants. There are 98 coroners in England and Wales, covering 109 local authority areas. To become a coroner in England and Wales the applicant must be a qualified solicitor , barrister , or a Fellow of

5976-420: The pleas of the Crown"), from which the word "coroner" is derived. This role provided a local county official whose primary duty was to protect the financial interest of the Crown in criminal proceedings. The office of coroner is, "in many instances, a necessary substitute: for if the sheriff is interested in a suit, or if he is of affinity with one of the parties to a suit, the coroner must execute and return

6059-425: The power of sheriffs or bailiffs . Depending on the jurisdiction, the coroner may adjudge the cause of death personally, or may act as the presiding officer of a special court (a " coroner's jury "). The term coroner derives from the same source as the word crown . Responsibilities of the coroner may include overseeing the investigation and certification of deaths related to mass disasters that occur within

6142-467: The previous year, and provide diving activities or travel apart from training. There is no mention or guarantee of better quality service compared to any other dive centre. A PADI Elite Instructor is a PADI instructor with no verified QA violations who certifies more than a specified number of divers per year. According to a statement by an attorney for PADI, PADI issues disclaimers on various documents, saying member shops are not agents of PADI, and PADI

6225-514: The process of the courts of justice." This role was qualified in Chapter 24 of Magna Carta in 1215, which states: "No sheriff, constable, coroner or bailiff shall hold pleas of our Crown." "Keeping the pleas" was an administrative task, while "holding the pleas" was a judicial one that was not assigned to the locally resident coroner but left to judges who traveled around the country holding assize courts . The role of custos rotulorum or keeper of

6308-469: The public via internet search, making an informed decision on whether a specific training course is appropriate to the diver's needs difficult. Those few programs which comply with ISO standards can be assumed to at least nominally include all the requirements of the ISO standard, but not necessarily anything more. Some PADI courses, i.e. those which have no actual diving component, may be presented and assessed by

6391-540: The single universal course then prevalent. Erickson developed continuing education scuba courses during this time and wrote the initial issue of the first trade magazine for scuba instructors, The Undersea Journal . Cronin got the idea for PADI's Positive Identification Card at a trade show. PADI established the Master Scuba Diver certification, the industry's first certification awarded for accumulation of specified certification and experience, and not based on

6474-665: The support diver understand the use of adaptive techniques. Since 2009, PADI and the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) have maintained a mutual support partnership. In Canada, PADI sponsors the Scouts Canada Scuba Program. Affiliates include: PADI's instructional methodology is cited in EDUCAUSE's 2012 book, Game Changers: Education and Information Technologies regarding badges as "a symbol or indicator of an accomplishment, skill, quality, or interest. From

6557-465: The terms "coroner" and " medical examiner " are defined differently. In some places, stringent rules require that the medical examiner be a forensic pathologist. In others, the medical examiner must be a physician, though not necessarily a pathologist nor further specialized forensic pathologist; physicians with no experience in forensic medicine have become medical examiners. In other jurisdictions, such as Wisconsin, each county sets standards, and in some,

6640-476: The title "coroner" or "medical examiner" depending on location. They do not determine civil or criminal responsibility, but instead make and offer recommendations to improve public safety and prevention of death in similar circumstances. Coroner or Medical Examiner services are under the jurisdiction of provincial or territorial governments, and in modern Canada generally operate within the public safety and security or justice portfolio. These services are headed by

6723-419: The turtle eggs and cook them; the police are trying to stop these illegal acts by taking the turtle eggs to a safe place with biologists and environmentalists who can take care of them. The climate is as hot as (but a little less wet than) that of Puerto Vallarta due to the formation of mountains that surround the bay in which both sit -- conveniently protected from most hurricanes. The annual average temperature

6806-430: The way that various disparate parts of an industry, each with limited resources, can pool their efforts to help more people from developing countries to enter the diving profession… PADI recognizes that good relations with the involvement of local people is essential both to business development and to environmental protection. The scholarship scheme makes entry into the dive business more possible for some students who have

6889-471: Was an opportunity to offer or provide that care that was not taken. An open conclusion should only be used as a last resort and is given where the cause of death cannot be identified on the evidence available to the inquest. Conclusions are arrived at on the balance of probabilities ; prior to 2020, conclusions of suicide or unlawful killing were required to be proved to the criminal standard of beyond reasonable doubt. The coroner service in England and Wales

#919080