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40-681: Numata is located in northern Gunma Prefecture . The Tone River flows through the western part of the city and the tributary, the Katashina River, flows through the southern end, forming a large river terrace . The downtown area is located at the top of the terrace, along the Tone River. Gunma Prefecture Tochigi Prefecture Numata has a Humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa ) characterized by warm summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Numata

80-453: A special education school for the handicapped. Gunma Prefecture Gunma Prefecture ( 群馬県 , Gunma-ken ) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu . Gunma Prefecture has a population of 1,937,626 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of 6,362 km (2,456 sq mi ). Gunma Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture to

120-769: A stronghold in Kōzuke Province contested by the Uesugi , Takeda , Later Hōjō and Sanada clans . During the Edo period , the area of present-day Numata was the center of the Numata Domain , a 35,000 koku feudal domain held by then Toki clan under the Tokugawa shogunate . Numata Town was created within Tone District, Gunma Prefecture on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system after

160-570: Is 12.0 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1522 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 24.7 °C, and lowest in January, at around 0.1 °C. Per Japanese census data, the population of Numata declined slightly over the past 40 years. Numata developed during the Sengoku period as a castle town surrounding Numata Castle ,

200-576: Is of a differing length and plays a different song. Naganohara also used to be home to a Melody Road playing " Aj lučka, lučka široká ", though the road in question was paved over in 2013 due to noise complaints. The sports teams listed below are based in Gunma. Gunma is also famous for its ski resorts in the mountains. Gunma was the only prefecture in Japan to have all 4 legal types of gambling on races: horse , bicycle , auto and boat . This changed with

240-651: Is sometimes referred to as Jomo (上毛, Jōmō ). For most of Japanese history, Gunma was known as the province of Kozuke . In the early period of contact between western nations and Japan, particularly the late Tokugawa, it was referred to by foreigners as the "Joushu States", inside (fudai, or loyalist) Tokugawa retainers and the Tokugawa family symbol is widely seen on public buildings, temples, and shrines. The Tenmei eruption of Mount Asama occurred in 1783, causing enormous damage. The first modern silk factories were built with Italian and French assistance at Annaka in

280-858: Is to the south. Some of the major mountains in Gunma are Mount Akagi , Mount Haruna , Mount Myōgi , Mount Nikkō-Shirane and Mount Asama , which is located on the Nagano border. Major rivers include the Tone River , the Agatsuma River , and the Karasu River . As of 1 April 2012, 14% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks , namely Jōshin'etsu-kōgen , Nikkō , and Oze National Parks and Myōgi-Arafune-Saku Kōgen Quasi-National Park . Twelve cities are located in Gunma Prefecture: These are

320-714: The 1st millennium BC , are thought to have introduced rice cultivation and earthenware to Japan (mainly in Kyushu). According to the Chronicles of Japan and the Kojiki , the first major arrival to Japan was during the reign of Emperor Ōjin , but there was a major upheaval on the Korean peninsula at that time. Some people came to Japan to escape the upheaval and introduced iron tools, irrigation technology, and so on. The tools and technology they brought with them may have revolutionized

360-607: The Meiji Restoration . On March 1, 1954, Numata merged with neighboring Tonami, Ikeda, Usune and Kawada villages, and was raised to city status. On February 13, 2005 the villages of Shirasawa and Tone were incorporated into Numata. Numata has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 20 members. Numata contributes one member to the Gunma Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics,

400-539: The 1870s. In the early Meiji period, in what was locally called the Gunma Incident of 1884, a bloody struggle between the idealistic democratic westernizers and the conservative Prussian-model nationalists took place in Gunma and neighboring Nagano. The modern Japanese army gunned down farmers with new repeating rifles built in Japan. The farmers in Gunma were said to be the first victims of the Murata rifle . In

440-622: The 4th and 5th centuries were the Hata clan and the Kawachinofumi clan . These Toraijins possessed superior technology and ability, and were fundamental to Japan's nation-building. The Hata clan is descended from Yuzuki no Kimi , who came from Silla on the Korean Peninsula around the 4th or 5th century (Hadan may be their place of origin). Yuzuki no Kimi came to Kyushu with 30,000 to 40,000 laborers from 127 prefectures. They served

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480-619: The Dead , the main character Akira Tendo is from Gunma Prefecture. Toraijin Toraijin ( Japanese : 渡来人, とらいじん ) refers to the people who came to Japan from mainland Asia in ancient times, as well as their descendants. They arrived in Japan as early as the Jōmon or Yayoi period , and their arrival became more significant from the end of the 4th century to the late 7th century. During this period, they introduced Confucianism, learning, medicine,

520-470: The Middle Yayoi period from approximately 350 BCE to 50 CE, Toraijin arrived with bronze technology. During the formative 5th and 6th centuries, they brought horse breeding and horse driven transportation, stoneware pottery, high temperature iron-working, advanced iron tool manufacturing, and their Chinese-based writing system. In addition to technological and cultural contributions, Toraijin also brought

560-632: The Prefectural Government also uses Gunma-chan , a small super deformed drawing of a horse character wearing a green cap. It is used on promotional posters, banners, and other notable printed materials from the Prefectural Government. Other agencies and companies formally or informally use variations of its likeness and other horse-shaped characters when making signs or notices for work on buildings, roads, and other public notices. There are various manga and anime that have based their settings in Gunma, such as: In Zom 100: Bucket List of

600-536: The Toraijin contributed to the advanced development of Japan at that time. Toraijin occupied an important position in the military and political affairs of the Yamato regime due to their advanced skills in arms manufacturing, weaving, and agriculture. They also made significant contributions to the development of Japanese culture. Based on estimates from studies of Senzuka (cemeteries of “thousand tombs”) belonging to

640-724: The Toraijin from the southwestern Korean peninsula and their descendants, Shinichirō Ishiwatari postulated that at least a million people from the peninsula arrived in the archipelago just during the 125 years between 475–600 CE. According to the book Shinsen Shōjiroku compiled in 815 CE, a total of 326 out of 1,182 families in the Kinai area on Honshū were regarded as people with foreign genealogy. The book specifically mentions that 163 were of Chinese origin, 104 such families were from Baekje , 41 were from Goguryeo , 9 were from Silla , and 9 were from Gaya . These families are not inherently considered noble, but rather notable. According to

680-632: The Yamato royal court as officials in charge of finances. His headquarters was originally located in Yamaboshi, Kyoto, but he later moved to Uzumasa (Kyoto City). Along with their activities in the center of Japan, the descendants of the Hata extended their influence nationwide, from Owari and Mino to Bicchu and Chiku. In the 7th century, exiles from Baekje , which had been defeated at the Battle of Baekgang , entered Japan. The technology and culture brought by

720-528: The archipelago and welcomed and integrated the newcomers with peninsular goods and advanced technology. These immigrants settled and re-established themselves as farmers, iron technicians, horse breeders, merchants and traders, dam builders, craftsmen, among others, earning them the name Imaki no Tehito (今來才技, “recently arrived skilled artisans”) in the Nihon Shoki . Groups arriving from the peninsula have settled in and formed communities in various parts of

760-528: The archipelago, including Fukuoka in northern Kyushu to Okayama on the Inland Sea, to the Kyoto–Osaka– Nara area, to Gunma north of Tokyo, and as far as Sendai in northeastern Honshu. In 552 AD, King Seong of Baekje sent envoys to the Yamato court, bringing Buddha statues and Buddhist classics, and Buddhist culture was also introduced to Japan. After Buddhism was introduced to Japan, it became one of

800-482: The calendar, and cultural practices such as Sue ware production and weaving to Japan. They were favored by the Yamato Imperial Court , and many were appointed to government positions. Recent studies of ancient Japanese genomes corroborate the historical records and archaeological data point to arrival of Toraijin and the appearance of new socio-cultural and political changes. A 2021 study published in

840-546: The city is part of Gunma 1st district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan . Numata is a regional commercial center and transportation hub, but was traditionally known for lumber production. Numata has 12 public elementary schools and nine public middle schools operated by the city government, and four public high schools operated by the Gunma Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates

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880-528: The closing of the last horse race track in Takasaki in 2004. Gunma has many hot spring resorts and the most famous is Kusatsu Onsen . Another draw to the mountainous Gunma is the ski resorts. Other attractions include: The prefectural symbol consists of the first kanji of the word 'Gunma' surrounded by three stylized mountains symbolizing the three important mountains of Gunma Prefecture: Mount Haruna , Mount Akagi , and Mount Myōgi . For marketing,

920-468: The continent to the Japanese archipelago via the southern Korean peninsula from 800 BCE to 600 AD. The Toraijin arrived in the archipelago in multiples waves. In the initial wave starting approximately three thousand years ago, the Toraijin introduced wet-rice farming to the archipelago, where the indigenous Jōmon people were engaged in subsistence based primarily on fishing, hunting, and gathering. During

960-589: The eighth century, Lady Takano Niigasa, a member of the Yamatonoaya clan, married the Yamato Prince Shirakabe (the future King Kōnin) and gave birth to Yamanobe in 737 in Nara, who was enthroned in 781 as Emperor Kanmu . Other notable Toraijin clans with imperial ties included Kudara no Konikishi clan and Yamato no Fuhito clan , both of Baekje descent. Other representative Toraijin groups of

1000-571: The farms in the village of Tsumagoi are cabbage farms. Also, the city of Ōta is famous for the car industry, notably the Subaru factory. There is a local dialect , known in Japanese as ' gunma-ben ' or ' jōshū-ben '. Gunma has a traditional card game called Jomo Karuta ( 上毛かるた ) . It features people, places, and things of regional and/or cultural importance. In 2007, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries held an event to find

1040-460: The high peaks do not let the wind go past them. For this reason, the wind changes into the kara-kaze . Gunma's modern industries include transport equipment and electrical equipment, concentrated around Maebashi and the eastern region nearest Tokyo . More traditional industries include sericulture and agriculture . Gunma's major agricultural products include cabbages and konnyaku . Gunma produces over 90% of Japan's konnyaku, and two-thirds of

1080-473: The ideologies of Confucianism and Buddhism from the mainland, which were critical to the state formation and socio-cultural changes during the Kofun period and Asuka period . According to Japanese researchers, in each major epoch in Japanese history, Toraijin arriving from the Korean peninsula acted as transmitters and transplanters of advanced continental technology and culture to the Japanese archipelago, just as

1120-667: The journal Science Advance s found that the people of Japan bore genetic signatures from three ancient populations rather than just two as previously thought. The study states that in addition to the previously discovered Jōmon and Yayoi strands, a new strand of "majority East Asian ancestry" was hypothesized to have been introduced, most likely from the southern Korean peninsula, during the Yayoi-Kofun transition period that had strong cultural and political affinity with Korea and China. Historical records and archaeological data provide strong support for continued population movements from

1160-557: The late 6th century, Japan was still in the pre-historical phase (prior to the importation of the Chinese writing system during the Nara period). The Gunma Prefectural archaeology unit in 1994 was able to date the eruption through zoological anthropology at the corral sites that were buried in ash. In the past, Gunma was joined with Tochigi Prefecture and called Kenu Province . This was later divided into Kami-tsu-ke (Upper Kenu, Gunma) and Shimo-tsu-ke (Lower Kenu, Tochigi). The area

1200-755: The main religions in Japan and a part of today's Japanese culture. While migrants initially settled in Kyushu due to geographic proximity to the peninsula, by the fourth century, migrants had shifted their destination to the Kinki region, the core base of the Yamato elites, of Nara, Osaka, Kyoto, and Otsu region. After entering the Asuka period , many Japanese royals and ministers believed in Buddhism, such as Prince Shōtoku and Soga Mako, and devoted themselves to promoting Buddhism. The reason why Baekje people went to Japan

1240-456: The name of Subaru née Fuji Heavy Industries. In the 1930s, German architect Bruno Julius Florian Taut lived and conducted research for a while in Takasaki. The Girard incident , which disturbed US-Japanese relations in the 1950s, occurred in Gunma in 1957, at Sōmagahara Base  [ ja ] near Shibukawa . Four modern prime ministers are from Gunma, namely, Takeo Fukuda , Yasuhiro Nakasone , Keizo Obuchi , and Yasuo Fukuda ,

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1280-540: The north, Nagano Prefecture to the southwest, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Tochigi Prefecture to the east. Maebashi is the capital and Takasaki is the largest city of Gunma Prefecture, with other major cities including Ōta , Isesaki , and Kiryū . Gunma Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures, located on the northwestern corner of the Kantō Plain with 14% of its total land being designated as natural parks . The ancient province of Gunma

1320-548: The population groups on the Korean peninsula experienced similar transformations with the arrival of millet and rice agriculture, bronze and iron objects and technologies, and culture and religion from further west and north in the continent. The period of arrival of the Toraijin can be divided into four categories: 2nd to 3rd century BC, around the 5th century BC The period when the Five kings of Wa ruled, late 5th – 6th century, and seventh century. The first Torajin, who arrived in

1360-720: The production methods and labor patterns that had existed until then. They also brought horses and harnesses, and riding came to be practiced. During the Kofun period and the turbulent Three Kingdoms period of Korea , there was extensive migrations from Korean polities to the Japanese archipelago, particularly from Baekje and Gaya confederacy , both of which developed friendship as well as economic and military alliances with Yamato Kingship . The Wa elites, such as Yamato elites in Kinki, Tsukushi elites in Fukuoka and Kibi elites in Okayama, sought to establish socio-political advantages in

1400-604: The son of Takeo. One of only eight landlocked prefectures in Japan, Gunma is the northwesternmost prefecture of the Kantō plain. Except for the central and southeast areas, where most of the population is concentrated, it is mostly mountainous. To the north are Niigata and Fukushima prefectures, while to the east lies Tochigi Prefecture . To the west lies the Nagano Prefecture , and the Saitama Prefecture

1440-544: The top 100 best local dishes across all of Japan. Three dishes were featured from Gunma; yaki-manju, okkirikomi , and konnyaku . As of 2018, Gunma is home to eleven of Japan's over thirty Melody Roads . 2,559 grooves cut into a 175-meter stretch of the road surface in transmit a tactile vibration through the wheels into the car body . The roads can be found in Katashina, Minakami, Takayama, Kanna, Ueno, Kusatsu, Tsumagoi, Nakanojo, Takasaki, Midori, and Maebashi. Each

1480-516: The towns and villages in each district : Because Gunma is situated in inland Japan, the difference in temperature in the summer compared to the winter is large, and there is less precipitation. This is because of the karakkaze ("empty wind"), a strong, dry wind that occurs in the winter when the snow falls on the coasts of Niigata. The wind carrying clouds with snow are obstructed by the Echigo Mountains , and it also snows there, although

1520-540: The twentieth century, the Japanese aviation pioneer Nakajima Chikushi of Oizumi, Gunma Prefecture, founded the Nakajima Aircraft Company . At first, he produced mostly licensed models of foreign designs, but beginning with the all-Japanese Nakajima 91 fighter plane in 1931, his company became a world leader in aeronautical design and manufacture, with its headquarters at Ota, Gunma Ken. The factory now produces Subaru motorcars and other products under

1560-423: Was a center of horse breeding and trading activities for the newly immigrated continental peoples (or Toraijin ). The arrival of horses and the remains of horse tackle coincides with the arrival of a large migration from the mainland. From this point forward, the horse became a vital part of Japanese military maneuvers, quickly displacing the older Yayoi tradition of fighting on foot. When Mount Haruna erupted in

1600-652: Was that Japan asked Baekje for craftsmen and doctors of the Five Classics  [ ja ] and escaped from Goguryeo . The Yamato basin was the home of powerful clans with Toraijin roots, such as the Soga clan with Baekje origins and which emerged as the most powerful clan in the Yamato by the middle of 6th century, and the Yamatonoaya clan with roots in the Gaya confederacy and Baekje . Notably, early in

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