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37-540: The core area of ITDC Nusa Dua is a gated community. There are security checkpoints, and visitors are charged a fee to enter. Geger Beach is located in Sawangan, about 3 kilometers from the southern area of Nusa Dua. The sea there is calm, which allows farmers to grow seaweed in the area, as well as being an attractive place for tourists to swim. Water Blow is located in the ITDC district where large waves of sea water from

74-557: A Disneyland-like theme park. Nusa Dua is one of Bali's five sites benefiting from the largest coral restoration projects in the world (as of 2021): the Indonesian Coral Reef Garden (ICRG) intends to install altogether just under one million structural units. The project is funded by the Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Ministry, to the tune of $ 7.5 million. The final section of the project took place in

111-462: A dramatic seascape. The site is bordered by guardrails and there is a small entrance fee. Immediately north of the Nusa Dua enclave is the peninsula of Tanjung Benoa , which forms its own subdistrict of the same name. The original Balinese village of Benoa is located in this place, and even to this today, colloquial usage of "Benoa" only refers to this place. A multi-denominational area, it includes

148-513: A formal definition, but seaweed generally lives in the ocean and is visible to the naked eye. The term refers to both flowering plants submerged in the ocean, like eelgrass , as well as larger marine algae. Generally, it is one of several groups of multicellular algae ; red , green and brown . They lack one common multicellular ancestor, forming a polyphyletic group. In addition, blue-green algae ( Cyanobacteria ) are occasionally considered in seaweed literature. The number of seaweed species

185-587: A mosque and Chinese and Hindu temples close to each other. Much of the beach's sand was washed away following the mining of the nearby barrier reef for construction materials. The hotels in the area are generally cheaper than the ones in Nusa Dua. Benoa Port, also located there, was previously used for yachts and small ships. In December 2012, it became the Benoa Cruise International Terminal's turnaround port, serving as both embarkation and debarkation point for cruise passengers. As

222-455: A potential climate change mitigation strategy for biosequestration of carbon dioxide , alongside other benefits like nutrient pollution reduction, increased habitat for coastal aquatic species, and reducing local ocean acidification . The IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate recommends "further research attention" as a mitigation tactic. "Seaweed" lacks

259-520: A turnaround port, tourists can arrive or leave Benoa Port by either plane or cruise ship. On December 26, 2012, the Bali Governor signed a permit to utilize, develop and manage the Benoa Bay area. 838 hectares reclaimed by PT Tirta Wahana Bali International will be used for luxury tourist facilities such as hotels, villas, apartments, an international hospital, and entertainment centers such as

296-456: A vital role in capturing carbon and producing at least 50% of Earth's oxygen. Natural seaweed ecosystems are sometimes under threat from human activity. For example, mechanical dredging of kelp destroys the resource and dependent fisheries. Other forces also threaten some seaweed ecosystems; for example, a wasting disease in predators of purple urchins has led to an urchin population surge which has destroyed large kelp forest regions off

333-737: Is also used as a flavoring ingredient for soups, salads and omelettes . Chondrus crispus ('Irish moss' or carrageenan moss) is used in food additives, along with Kappaphycus and G igartinoid seaweed. Porphyra is used in Wales to make laverbread (sometimes with oat flour). In northern Belize , seaweed is mixed with milk , nutmeg , cinnamon and vanilla to make " dulce " ("sweet"). Alginate , agar and carrageenan are gelatinous seaweed products collectively known as hydrocolloids or phycocolloids . Hydrocolloids are food additives. The food industry exploits their gelling, water-retention, emulsifying and other physical properties. Agar

370-469: Is an American multinational luxury hotel chain, owned and managed by Marriott International . In 1904, John Jacob Astor built the St. Regis New York as a sister property to his part-owned Waldorf-Astoria Hotel . Exhibiting luxury and technological advance, each room had its own telephone. Ownership changes, a new wing, and restorations occurred over the following decades. In 1966, Sheraton Hotels purchased

407-401: Is an attachment point, and therefore seaweed most commonly inhabits the littoral zone (nearshore waters) and within that zone, on rocky shores more than on sand or shingle. In addition, there are few genera (e.g., Sargassum and Gracilaria ) which do not live attached to the sea floor, but float freely. Seaweed occupies various ecological niches. At the surface, they are only wetted by

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444-495: Is an ingredient in toothpaste, cosmetics and paints. Seaweed is used for the production of bio yarn (a textile). Several of these resources can be obtained from seaweed through biorefining . Seaweed collecting is the process of collecting, drying and pressing seaweed. It was a popular pastime in the Victorian era and remains a hobby today. In some emerging countries, seaweed is harvested daily to support communities. Seaweed

481-701: Is best known for its large concentration of international chain hotels, with Marriott International managing nine hotels through its Autograph Collection, Courtyard , Marriott Vacation Club , Renaissance , St. Regis , The Luxury Collection, The Ritz-Carlton , and Westin brands, Accor managing three hotels through its Mercure , Novotel , and Sofitel brands, Hilton Worldwide managing two hotels through its Conrad and Hilton brands, and Meliá Hotels International managing two hotels through its Meliá and Sol brands. There are also properties managed by Aman Resorts , Club Med , Holiday Inn , Hyatt , Kempinski , and Santika Indonesia Hotels & Resorts . Eight of

518-758: Is farmed for agar ; the rest are eaten after limited processing. Seaweeds are different from mangroves and seagrasses , as they are photosynthetic algal organisms and are non-flowering. The largest seaweed-producing countries as of 2022 are China (58.62%) and Indonesia (28.6%); followed by South Korea (5.09%) and the Philippines (4.19%). Other notable producers include North Korea (1.6%), Japan (1.15%), Malaysia (0.53%), Zanzibar ( Tanzania , 0.5%), and Chile (0.3%). Seaweed farming has frequently been developed to improve economic conditions and to reduce fishing pressure. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reported that world production in 2019

555-491: Is low and their heavy metal content is high, especially for arsenic and iodine, which are respectively toxic and nutritious. They are valued for fish production. Adding seaweed to livestock feed can substantially reduce methane emissions from cattle, but only from their feedlot emissions. As of 2021, feedlot emissions account for 11% of overall emissions from cattle. Alginates are used in wound dressings (see alginate dressing ), and dental moulds. In microbiology , agar

592-482: Is not growing trees, where you plant it and it will grow. The science is still very fuzzy. It might be successful in one spot but two metres away, the hydro-dynamic factors or supply of larvae will be slightly different and it won’t work there. And as most of the restoration projects in Indonesia are being done without preliminary studies, artificial reefs are not planted in places where they are needed most.” In 1983,

629-743: Is sometimes used to build roofs on houses on Læsø in Denmark . Rotting seaweed is a potent source of hydrogen sulfide , a highly toxic gas, and has been implicated in some incidents of apparent hydrogen sulfide poisoning. It can cause vomiting and diarrhea. The so-called "stinging seaweed" Microcoleus lyngbyaceus is a filamentous cyanobacteria which contains toxins including lyngbyatoxin-a and debromoaplysiatoxin . Direct skin contact can cause seaweed dermatitis characterized by painful, burning lesions that last for days. Bacterial disease ice-ice infects Kappaphycus (red seaweed), turning its branches white. The disease caused heavy crop losses in

666-529: Is still a topic of discussion among scientists, but it is most likely that there are several thousand species of seaweed. The following table lists a very few example genera of seaweed. Seaweed's appearance resembles non- woody terrestrial plants . Its anatomy includes: The stipe and blade are collectively known as the frond . Two environmental requirements dominate seaweed ecology . These are seawater (or at least brackish water ) and light sufficient to support photosynthesis . Another common requirement

703-492: Is the practice of cultivating and harvesting seaweed. In its simplest form farmers gather from natural beds, while at the other extreme farmers fully control the crop's life cycle . The seven most cultivated taxa are Eucheuma spp., Kappaphycus alvarezii , Gracilaria spp., Saccharina japonica , Undaria pinnatifida , Pyropia spp., and Sargassum fusiforme . Eucheuma and K. alvarezii are attractive for carrageenan (a gelling agent ); Gracilaria

740-423: Is used as a culture medium. Carrageenans, alginates and agaroses, with other macroalgal polysaccharides, have biomedicine applications. Delisea pulchra may interfere with bacterial colonization. Sulfated saccharides from red and green algae inhibit some DNA and RNA -enveloped viruses . Seaweed extract is used in some diet pills. Other seaweed pills exploit the same effect as gastric banding , expanding in

777-500: Is used in foods such as confectionery, meat and poultry products, desserts and beverages and moulded foods. Carrageenan is used in salad dressings and sauces, dietetic foods, and as a preservative in meat and fish, dairy items and baked goods. Seaweeds are used as animal feeds. They have long been grazed by sheep, horses and cattle in Northern Europe, even though their nutritional benefits are questionable. Their protein content

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814-691: The Carlton Hotel in Washington, D.C. and two more former Ritz-Carlton properties in Houston and Philadelphia as St. Regis hotels. In September 2016, Marriott gained the St. Regis chain as part of its acquisition of Starwood. The brand name cannot be used in the lower mainland of British Columbia , because the name is legally owned by the independent St. Regis Hotel, Vancouver, built in 1913. Currently, there are 58 St. Regis-branded hotels around

851-473: The Indian Ocean continually crash against the jagged limestone edges of a cliff. The water blow is the outcome of the narrowing crag below the cliff face that channels irregular surges of water that can reach several meters high, up to 30 meters high from its base following strong currents. It only occurs on high tide. The area provides a 240-degree lookout and the tormented shapes of volcanic rock make for

888-615: The Philippines , and Malaysia , as well as in South Africa , Belize , Peru , Chile , the Canadian Maritimes , Scandinavia , South West England , Ireland , Wales , Hawaii and California , and Scotland . Gim (김, Korea), nori ( 海苔 , Japan) and zicai ( 紫菜 , China) are sheets of dried Porphyra used in soups, sushi or onigiri (rice balls). Gamet in the Philippines, from dried Pyropia ,

925-485: The intertidal zone close to the shore. Alternatively, pneumatocysts (gas filled "bubbles") can keep the macroalgae thallus afloat; fronds are transported by wind and currents from the coast into the deep ocean. It has been shown that benthic organisms also at several 100 m tend to utilize these macroalgae remnants. As macroalgae takes up carbon dioxide and releases oxygen in the photosynthesis , macroalgae fronds can also contribute to carbon sequestration in

962-567: The Bali Tourism Development Corporation (BTDC), the ITDC's predecessor, opened Nusa Dua's first hotel, the Nusa Dua Beach Hotel & Spa. Originally operated by the government-owned Aerowisata , it is currently operated by PT Sejahtera Indoco on behalf of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei , who bought the property in 1990. Today, Nusa Dua has over two dozen, mostly five-star, resorts. The area

999-411: The Philippines, Tanzania and Mozambique. Sea urchin barrens have replaced kelp forests in multiple areas. They are "almost immune to starvation". Lifespans can exceed 50 years. When stressed by hunger, their jaws and teeth enlarge, and they form "fronts" and hunt for food collectively. St. Regis Hotels %26 Resorts St. Regis Hotels & Resorts ( / s eɪ n t ˈ r iː dʒ ɪ s / )

1036-416: The coast of California. Humans have a long history of cultivating seaweeds for their uses. In recent years, seaweed farming has become a global agricultural practice, providing food, source material for various chemical uses (such as carrageenan ), cattle feeds and fertilizers. Due to their importance in marine ecologies and for absorbing carbon dioxide, recent attention has been on cultivating seaweeds as

1073-431: The ocean, when the macroalgal fronds drift offshore into the deep ocean basins and sink to the sea floor without being remineralized by organisms. The importance of this process for blue carbon storage is currently a topic of discussion among scientists. Nowadays a number of vectors—e.g., transport on ship hulls, exchanges among shellfish farmers, global warming, opening of trans-oceanic canals—all combine to enhance

1110-616: The property. After an extensive restoration in 1991, the hotel became the flagship for the Sheraton premier hotels rebranded as the ITT Sheraton Luxury Collection. In 1997, Starwood Hotels and Resorts acquired Sheraton from ITT. The St. Regis brand was launched in 1998, when Starwood rebranded a former Ritz-Carlton property it had bought in Aspen, Colorado as The St. Regis Aspen. In 1999, Starwood rebranded

1147-409: The sites, an undertaking that corresponds to the largest and more costly part of reef regeneration. Long-term monitoring has so far been implemented only for very few such operations, and is required to build a workable database needed to increase general knowledge on the process and increase success for future coral projects. Tries Razak, from Java’s IPB University , explains in 2021 that “Growing coral

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1184-646: The south of Nusa Dua, with a field survey for suitability of location carried out in November–December 2020. 1,000 local people, who had lost their jobs due to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lag in tourism, were hired to build and instal 8,000 steel pipes, each 2 metres (6.5 feet) long, as substructures for coral gardens; that task was completed in October 2021. This project also aims at reducing unemployement by planning for supervision and maintenance work of

1221-452: The stomach to make the stomach feel more full. Other seaweed may be used as fertilizer , compost for landscaping, or to combat beach erosion through burial in beach dunes. Seaweed is under consideration as a potential source of bioethanol . Alginates are used in industrial products such as paper coatings, adhesives, dyes, gels, explosives and in processes such as paper sizing, textile printing, hydro-mulching and drilling. Seaweed

1258-943: The ten largest hotels in Bali are located in Nusa Dua. The 636-key Grand Hyatt Bali was Bali's largest hotel when it first opened in 1991. It is still the island's largest single-branded hotel, as the larger Ayana Resort Bali in Jimbaran technically consists of four separate hotels. 08°48′09″S 115°13′39″E  /  8.80250°S 115.22750°E  / -8.80250; 115.22750 Seaweed Seaweed , or macroalgae , refers to thousands of species of macroscopic , multicellular , marine algae . The term includes some types of Rhodophyta (red), Phaeophyta (brown) and Chlorophyta (green) macroalgae. Seaweed species such as kelps provide essential nursery habitat for fisheries and other marine species and thus protect food sources; other species, such as planktonic algae, play

1295-589: The tops of sea spray, while some species may attach to a substrate several meters deep. In some areas, littoral seaweed colonies can extend miles out to sea. The deepest living seaweed are some species of red algae . Others have adapted to live in tidal rock pools . In this habitat, seaweed must withstand rapidly changing temperature and salinity and occasional drying. Macroalgae and macroalgal detritus have also been shown to be an important food source for benthic organisms, because macroalgae shed old fronds . These macroalgal fronds tend to be utilized by benthos in

1332-595: The transfer of exotic seaweeds to new environments. Since the piercing of the Suez Canal, the situation is particularly acute in the Mediterranean Sea, a 'marine biodiversity hotspot' that now registers over 120 newly introduced seaweed species -the largest number in the world. As of 2019, 35,818,961 tonnes were produced, of which 97.38% were produced in Asian countries. Seaweed farming or kelp farming

1369-595: Was over 35 million tonnes. North America produced some 23,000 tonnes of wet seaweed. Alaska, Maine, France, and Norway each more than doubled their seaweed production since 2018 . As of 2019, seaweed represented 30% of marine aquaculture . Seaweed has a variety of uses, for which it is farmed or foraged. Seaweed is consumed across the world, particularly in East Asia , e.g., Japan , China , Korea , Taiwan and Southeast Asia , e.g. Brunei , Singapore , Thailand , Burma , Cambodia , Vietnam , Indonesia ,

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