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14-479: Södertörn is a roughly triangular peninsula and artificial island in eastern Södermanland , Sweden , with an area of 1,207 km² and is bordered by: The Södertälje Canal and Hammarby Canal are man-made waterways, so the peninsula of Södertörn is not fully separated from (the rest of) the Swedish mainland or the island of Södermalm by nature. The area is classified as an island by Statistics Sweden , making it

28-832: A sea. A piece of land on a very tight river bend or one between two rivers is sometimes said to form a peninsula, for example in the New Barbadoes Neck in New Jersey , United States. A peninsula may be connected to the mainland via an isthmus , for example, in the Isthmus of Corinth which connects to the Peloponnese peninsula. Peninsulas can be formed from continental drift , glacial erosion , glacial meltwater , glacial deposition , marine sediment , marine transgressions , volcanoes, divergent boundaries or river sedimentation. More than one factor may play into

42-558: Is either pine forest or bare. The long valleys of the south become level ground. The waters surrounding the area are either freshwater or brackish water with poor salinity. The bedrock is almost entirely gneiss . The highest point on Södertörn is Tornberget in Haninge at 110.9 metres (363.8 feet) above sea level . It is located in Hanveden, a large area of largely coniferous forest south of Stockholm , whose eastern areas partially form

56-526: The Old Norse dialect word tor , meaning "broken rocky beaches", which cut deep into the coast of Södertörn. These municipalities are located both in Stockholm County and the province of Södermanland . Peninsula A peninsula is a landform that extends from a mainland and is surrounded by water on most sides. Peninsulas exist on each continent. The largest peninsula in

70-589: The Statistics Sweden , SCB. The authority justified its decision by saying that Södertälje Canal counts as so-called "surface water" and that according to the new definition, Södertörn is therefore "unequivocally" an island, surrounded by Södertälje Canal , Mälaren and the Baltic Sea . According to SCB, Södertörn was, "if one were to stretch it, probably an island already even with the previous definition, because historically there has been water in

84-534: The Tyresta National Park . The southernmost parts of Södertörn were connected to Stockholm in 1901, when the Nynäs Line was opened. The railway runs between Nynäshamn in the south and Älvsjö in the north, where it joins with the main southern railway. Södertörn was long regarded as a peninsula , but since 2014 is classified as Sweden's third largest island (after Gotland and Öland ) by

98-545: The form of a strait or similar on the site". The reason SCB added this, is that a large part of southern Sweden is divided from the rest of the Scandinavian Peninsula by Göta Canal , so it would also now be an island according to the last explanation. But that is not an island "because the area is not normally considered an island". Its name ( á [...] Taurinum in 1225, Tør in 1283, a Tørinne in 1383 and eventually ‘‘Södertörn’’ since 1645) derives from

112-498: The formation of a peninsula. For example, in the case of Florida , continental drift, marine sediment, and marine transgressions were all contributing factors to its shape. In the case of formation from glaciers (e.g., the Antarctic Peninsula or Cape Cod ), peninsulas can be created due to glacial erosion , meltwater or deposition . If erosion formed the peninsula, softer and harder rocks were present, and since

126-474: The glacier only erodes softer rock, it formed a basin . This may create peninsulas, and occurred for example in the Keweenaw Peninsula . In the case of formation from meltwater, melting glaciers deposit sediment and form moraines , which act as dams for the meltwater. This may create bodies of water that surround the land, forming peninsulas. If deposition formed the peninsula, the peninsula

140-468: The sediment is deposited, forming a delta peninsula. Marine transgressions (changes in sea level) may form peninsulas, but also may affect existing peninsulas. For example, the water level may change, which causes a peninsula to become an island during high water levels. Similarly, wet weather causing higher water levels make peninsulas appear smaller, while dry weather make them appear larger. Sea level rise from global warming will permanently reduce

154-762: The third largest island in Sweden. Since 2005, the whole of Södertörn has been included in Metropolitan Stockholm . Before that, the southern parts of the island, which lie within Nynäshamn Municipality , and the western parts, which are in Södertälje Municipality , were – although in Stockholm County – not included in the metropolitan area. The northern areas of Södertörn are to a large extent made up of rift valley countryside (and urban areas) with high ground which

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168-564: The volcano erupts near shallow water. Marine sediment may form peninsulas by the creation of limestone . A rift peninsula may form as a result of a divergent boundary in plate tectonics (e.g. the Arabian Peninsula ), while a convergent boundary may also form peninsulas (e.g. Gibraltar or the Indian subcontinent ). Peninsulas can also form due to sedimentation in rivers. When a river carrying sediment flows into an ocean,

182-447: The world is the Arabian Peninsula . The word peninsula derives from Latin paeninsula , from paene  'almost' and insula  'island'. The word entered English in the 16th century. A peninsula is generally defined as a piece of land surrounded on most sides by water. A peninsula may be bordered by more than one body of water, and the body of water does not have to be an ocean or

196-546: Was composed of sedimentary rock , which was created from a large deposit of glacial drift . The hill of drift becomes a peninsula if the hill formed near water but was still connected to the mainland, for example during the formation of Cape Cod about 23,000 years ago. In the case of formation from volcanoes, when a volcano erupts magma near water, it may form a peninsula (e.g., the Alaskan Peninsula ). Peninsulas formed from volcanoes are especially common when

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