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58-435: The region was divided into two administrative counties in 1804. In 2016, the two county councils voted to merge into a single county on 1 January 2018. The name Sør-Trøndelag was created in 1919. It means '(the) southern (part of) Trøndelag '. Until 1919, the name of the county was Søndre Trondhjems amt . The meaning of this name was '(the) southern (part of) Trondhjems amt '. (The old Trondhjems amt , created in 1662,

116-401: A mayor . The coat of arms was granted on 23 January 1987 and it was in use until 1 January 2018 when the municipality was dissolved. The official blazon is " Vert , a chaplet of three quatrefoils argent " ( Norwegian : I grønt en sølv rosekrans ). This means the arms have a green field (background) and the charge is a chaplet (crown) with three quatrefoils . The charge has

174-639: A tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The crown design was chosen to symbolize a similar crown of Skule Bårdsson that is depicted on an old tombstone at the Nidaros Cathedral . Bårdsson was the founder of Rein kloster at the Rein estate (which he also owned) in Rissa. The crown is a typical headdress used by the medieval Norwegian dukes . Typically, there are five quatrefoils on

232-571: A common law, and an early parliament or thing . It was called Frostating and was held at the Frosta -peninsula. By some, this is regarded as the first real democracy . In the time after Håkon Grjotgardsson (838-900), Trøndelag was ruled by the Jarl of Lade . Lade is located in the eastern part of Trondheim , bordering the Trondheimsfjord . The powerful Jarls of Lade continued to play

290-420: A crown like this, but Rissa has only three to symbolize the three municipalities that were merged in 1964 to form Rissa (Rissa, Stadsbygd , and Stjørna ). The arms were designed by Oscar Bergsaune. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms. The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Rissa was made up of 23 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of

348-520: A fair amount of meat. Interest in the breed tapered off in the 1970s, and the population was as low as 40 specimens in the 1990s. The population in 2017 was around 80 specimens.f Rissa Municipality Rissa is a former municipality in the old Sør-Trøndelag county in Norway in the Fosen region . The municipality existed from 1860 until its dissolution on 1 January 2018 when it became part of

406-662: A very significant political role in Norway up to 1030. Jarls of Lade ( Ladejarl ) were: Trøndelag (together with parts of Møre og Romsdal ) was briefly ceded in 1658 to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde and was ruled by king Charles X until it was returned to Denmark-Norway after the Treaty of Copenhagen in 1660. During that time, the Swedes conscripted 2,000 men in Trøndelag, forcing young boys down to 15 years of age to join

464-472: Is Orkla which runs through Trøndelag and the old county of Hedmark which is now part of Innlandet county. Several of the best salmon rivers in Europe are located in the county, the largest and most famous being Gaula and Orkla . Dovrefjell–Sunndalsfjella National Park , Forollhogna National Park , Skarvan and Roltdalen National Park and Femundsmarka National Park are located, or partly located, in

522-460: Is Norway's only full-size speed skating hall north of Hamar . While the hall has never hosted a top level senior ISU Speed Skating World Cup event, it has frequently hosted Norwegian championships and junior world tour events. The final two stages of the 2022 Arctic Race of Norway were held within the county, as were the Norwegian road racing championships in 2010, 2017, and 2022. Trondheim

580-513: Is a county and coextensive with the Trøndelag region (also known as Midt-Norge or Midt-Noreg, lit. "Mid-Norway") in the central part of Norway . It was created in 1687, then named Trondhjem County ( Norwegian : Trondhjems Amt ); in 1804 the county was split into Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag by the King of Denmark-Norway , and the counties were reunited in 2018 after a vote of

638-538: Is a Unesco World Heritage Site . Mining in Røros and Løkken in Meldal lasted for about 300 years, and Thamshavnbanen , the old electric railway from Orkdalen to Løkken, is still usable. The constant fires used to crack the rock in the mines demanded vast amounts of firewood; the montane forests on the mountain plateau near Røros still have not fully recovered. Along the coast, fishing has always been important. Farming

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696-541: Is also the starting point of the Styrkeprøven ≥500km endurance road race held most years since 1967, which heads down European route E6 through Trøndelag until Hjerkinn , after which point the race heads down to Oslo or just north of Oslo. Hitra and Frøya compete in the Island Games , though Norwegian press coverage outside the islands about their participations are virtually non-existent. Trøndelag

754-407: Is called a trønder . The dialect spoken in the area, trøndersk , is characterized by dropping out most vowel endings; see apocope . Trøndelag is one of the most fertile regions of Norway, with large agricultural output. The majority of the production ends up in the Norwegian cooperative system for meat and milk, but farm produce is a steadily growing business. The Old Norse form of the name

812-1415: Is connected to the other counties by the European Route 6 (E6) which passes by Trondheim and connects Oslo in the south and runs north along the coast and terminates just east of Kirkenes in Finnmark . European route E39 connects Sør-Trøndelag to Møre og Romsdal. There are two airports in Sør-Trøndelag: Røros Airport and Ørland Airport . Trondheim's airport, Værnes , was actually located in Stjørdal Municipality in neighboring Nord-Trøndelag county. There are local trains that connect several municipalities; there are also trains that connect Trondheim to Oslo, Bodø, Røros, and Steinkjer in Norway, as well as Storlien in Sweden . Hurtigruten's coastal liner has daily, early- to mid-morning stops in Trondheim on both north- and south-bound trips. There are also frequent commuter boats that connect smaller communities including some that connect Trondheim to Vanviken as well as other ports of call including: Brekstad; Kjørsvikbugen; Volden, Hitra ; and Kristiansund . Additionally, during

870-483: Is covered with fertile lands, especially the lowlands surrounding the Korsfjord, Trondheimsfjord, Borgenfjord, and Beitstadfjord. Trøndelag is the third largest county in Norway by agricultural land with its 1789sqkm, and has the second highest meat-output with a total of almost 75 000 tonnes in 2022. The county also houses the most milking-cows, and thereby has the highest milk output, with Steinkjer Kommune producing

928-482: Is governed by the Trøndelag County Municipality . The town of Steinkjer is the seat of the county governor and county administration. However, both the county governor and Trøndelag County Municipality also have offices in Trondheim. The county oversees the 41 upper secondary schools , including nine private schools. Six of the schools have more than 1000 students: four in Trondheim plus

986-621: Is one of the regions in Norway with the largest climatic variation - from the oceanic climate with mild and wetter winters along the coast to the very cold winters in the southeast inland highlands, where Røros is the only place in southern and central Norway to have recorded −50 °C (−58 °F). The first overnight freeze (temperature below −0 °C (32 °F) in autumn on average is August 24th in Røros, October 9th at Trondheim Airport Værnes, and as late as November 20th at Sula in Frøya. Most of

1044-422: Is served mixed with coffee to create a drink called karsk . The strength of the coffee varies, often on a regional basis. The mixing proportions also depend on the strength of the spirit with more coffee being used for spirit with higher alcohol content. In southern regions, people tend to use strong filter coffee, while in the north they typically serve karsk with as weak coffee as possible. The "official dish" of

1102-496: Is situated. The highest mountain is the 1,985-metre (6,512 ft) tall Storskrymten, which is located in the county border between Møre og Romsdal, Innlandet and Trøndelag. North of the Trondheimsfjord is the large Fosen peninsula, where Ørland Municipality is at its southwestern tip. Several valleys runs north or west to meet the fjord, with a river at its centre, such as Meldal, Gauldal, Stjørdal, Verdal. Further north

1160-665: Is the long Namdalen with the largest river, Namsen , and Namsos is situated where the river meets the Namsen fjord. The rivers are among the best salmon rivers in Europe, especially Namsen, Gaula, and Orkla. On the northwestern part of the region is the Vikna archipelago with almost 6,000 islands and islets. There are many national parks in the region, including Dovrefjell–Sunndalsfjella National Park , Forollhogna National Park , Skarvan and Roltdalen National Park , Femundsmarka National Park and Børgefjell National Park . Trøndelag

1218-725: The Ingdalen area) and the southern part of the municipality of Stjørna were merged with Rissa to form a new, enlarged municipality of Rissa. On 1 January 2018, the neighboring municipalities of Rissa and Leksvik merged to form the new municipality of Indre Fosen which became part of the new Trøndelag county on the same date. On 29 April 1978, a major quick-clay landslide occurred south of Rissa at 63°33′22″N 9°56′41″E  /  63.55624°N 9.9446978°E  / 63.55624; 9.9446978 . An area of 330,000 m (3,600,000 sq ft) sent 6,000,000 m (7,800,000 cu yd) of quick clay slid down into

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1276-646: The Steinkjer Upper Secondary School and the Ole Vig Upper Secondary School in Stjørdalshalsen . The county has ten Folk high schools , with an eleventh folk high school being possibly being opened in Røros, with a possible start in 2019. The county is often sub-divided into several geographical regions: There are ten towns/cities in Trøndelag, plus the "mining town" of Røros. Along the coast in

1334-421: The brackish basin of Botn (literally "the bottom" of the fjord ). Even though this is a heavily land-locked fjord with a river-like inlet from the Trondheimsfjord (it was probably a shallow bay in prehistoric times). The name is probably derived from the verb rísa which means "raise" or "rise". (The average water level of Botnen is today about 1.7 metres (5 ft 7 in) above mean sea level and

1392-462: The 11th century. It is thought that the breed is a fork of Spanish Merino sheep brought to Norway by monks during the 1500s. This theory has little written evidence to support it, which may be explained by Spains monopoly on Merino sheep until the 1800s, and export of the breed was punishable by death. Another theory is that the fine wool-features come from Moroccan sheep that were left on some islands outside Frøya. The presence of Moroccan sheep on Tarva

1450-503: The Good . Nidaros (the former name of Trondheim) served as Norway's capital during the Viking era up until the early part of the 13th century. Trondheim was the seat of the archbishop for several centuries, and an important pilgrimage destination following the death of St Olav in 1030. Røros , in the southeastern part of the county, is a well-preserved mining town on a mountain plateau, and

1508-579: The Swedish armies fighting against Poland and Brandenburg . Charles X feared the Trønders would rise against their Swedish occupiers, and thought it wise to keep a large part of the men away. Only about one-third of the men ever returned to their homes; some of them were forced to settle in the then Swedish Duchy of Estonia , as the Swedes thought it would be easier to rule the Trønders there, utilising

1566-482: The ancient maxim of divide and rule . In the fall of 1718, during the Great Northern War , General Carl Gustaf Armfeldt was ordered by king Charles XII of Sweden to lead a Swedish army of 10,000 men into Trøndelag to take Trondheim. Because of his poor supply lines back to Sweden, Armfeldt's army had to live off the land, causing great suffering to the people of the region. Armfeldt's campaign failed:

1624-623: The coastal areas have a maritime climate with mild and more windy winters. Sula in Frøya Municipality has an average of 1.5 °C (34.7 °F) in the coldest month. Røros, at an altitude of 628 metres (2,060 ft), has a January average of −11.2 °C (11.8 °F) Summer temperatures do not differ that much; sheltered lowlands a bit inland will have the warmest summers. Base period 1961-1990. Tr%C3%B8ndelag Trøndelag ( Urban East Norwegian: [ˈtrœ̂ndəˌlɑːɡ] ; or Trööndelage   ( Southern Sami )

1682-482: The county's administrative center. The broad and long Trondheimsfjord is at the center of this county, although the coastal areas stretch somewhat further north. The mountain ranges Dovrefjell and Trollheimen are located in the south, while the Fosen peninsula is located north of the fjord. The highest mountain is the 1,985-metre (6,512 ft) tall Storskrymten, which is located in the county border between Møre og Romsdal, Oppland, and Trøndelag. Its longest river

1740-655: The county. People have lived in this region for thousands of years (see Rock carvings in Central Norway , Nøstvet and Lihult cultures and Corded Ware culture ). The fertile lowland bordering the Trondheimsfjord was probably the most important power centre in the Viking Age . Oretinget was an assembly hall located alongside the Nid River in Trondheim that served as the coronation place for Viking kings such as Harald Fairhair (865 to 933 AD) and his son Haakon I

1798-423: The defenders of Trondheim succeeded in repelling his siege. After Charles XII was killed in the siege of Fredriksten in Norway's southeast, Armfeldt was ordered back into Sweden. During the ensuing retreat, his 6,000 surviving threadbare and starving Caroleans were caught in a fierce blizzard . Thousands of Caroleans froze to death in the Norwegian mountains, and hundreds more were crippled for life. The county

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1856-399: The eastern border with Lensvik . To the north were the municipalities of Åfjord , Bjugn , and Ørland . The Flakk–Rørvik Ferry crosses the Trondheimsfjord connecting the village of Rørvik with the city of Trondheim . The municipality (originally the parish ) was historically named "Rissen", or more recently spelled "Rissa" ( Old Norse : Rissi ). This was probably the old name of

1914-518: The final municipal council was as follows: The mayors of Rissa: One major employer in Rissa is Fosen Yard AS. Opened in 1972 as Fosen Mekaniske Verksteder, it has built a number of vessels used in Norway and abroad: The company was originally Frengen Slip and Motorverksted (c. 1918) located in Fevåg and moved to Fosen by Jens Petter Bye who acquired Frengen Slip and Motorverksted in 1962. The Church of Norway had four parishes ( sokn ) within

1972-419: The first element has a stem form without umlaut . The county and national governments have also approved a Southern Sami name for the county: Trööndelage . When it is used with the word for county, it is Trööndelagen fylhke . People have lived in this region for thousands of years. In the early iron-age Trøndelag was divided into several petty kingdoms called fylki . The different fylki had

2030-401: The internationally acclaimed Trondheim Symphony Orchestra , Trondheim Soloists , Olavsfestdagene and Trondheim Chamber Music Festival . The region is popularly known for its moonshine homebrew , called heimbrent or heimert. Although officially prohibited, the art of producing as pure homemade spirits as possible still has a strong following in parts of Trøndelag. Traditionally the spirit

2088-455: The last days of Saint Olaf . Jazz on a very high level is frequently heard in Trondheim, due to the high-level jazz education in Trondheim at Institutt for musikk (NTNU) . Trondheim is also the national centre of rock music; the popular music museum Rockheim opened there in 2010. Trøndelag is known for its local variety of rock music, often performed in local dialect, called "trønderrock". Several institutions are nationally funded, including

2146-432: The lowland areas near the fjords have a humid continental climate (or oceanic if -3C is used as winter threshold), while the most oceanic areas along the coast have a temperate oceanic climate with all monthly means above 0 °C (32 °F). The inland valleys, hills, and highlands below the treeline have a boreal climate with cold winters and shorter summers, but still with potential for warm summer temperatures. Above

2204-492: The most. In 2018 Trøndelag was the largest provider of beef, chicken, milk and eggs, outputting 21.1% of all milk production, and 18.9% of all beef, 28.7% of all chicken, 23.5% of all eggs, 13.2% of cereals and 23.2% of all hay produced in Norway. Trøndelag is very much a rural county, housing merely 8.7% of Norway's population. Trøndelag is the origin of multiple animal breeds, the best known being Grey Troender sheep and Sided Troender cattle (STN). Sided Troender cattle , as

2262-433: The municipality of Indre Fosen in Trøndelag county. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Årnset . Other villages in the municipality included Askjem , Hasselvika , Husbysjøen , Rørvika , Råkvåg , and Stadsbygd . Prior to its dissolution in 2018, the 621-square-kilometre (240 sq mi) municipality was the 179th largest by area out of the then 426 municipalities in Norway. Rissa

2320-463: The name implies, is a white cow with coloured sides. It is based on "Rørosfe" from the Røros area, but later merged with the less standardized Nordland cattle. Together they are viewed as one breed with roots in both Trøndelag and Nordland, and has been since the 1920s. The breed standards are based on the original Trønder standards rather than the looser Nordland standards, with some cows being red, prioritizing black sides on hornless white cows. These are

2378-402: The population had grown to 1200, whereof 500 are fertile ewes, distributed among 35 herds, and efforts are being made to revive the breed..The Committee on Farm Animal Genetic Resources has collected and frozen 3500 sperm-samples for future breeding. Troender Rabbit (Trønderkanin) Is the only domestic Norwegian breed of rabbit. The breed was very popular during WWII as it grew fast and provided

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2436-707: The region is sodd which is made from diced sheep or beef meat and meatballs in boiled stock. Association football and handball are widely played and watched throughout the county. As of 26 January 2024, teams in tier 1 through 3 in men's football include Rosenborg BK , Ranheim Fotball , Levanger FK , IL Stjørdals-Blink , and Strindheim IL . Tier 1 through 3 in women's football include Rosenborg BK Kvinner , KIL/Hemne , and Tiller IL . In men's handball, tier 1 and 2 include Kolstad Håndball , Melhus IL , and Charlottenlund SK , while in women's handball, tier 1 and 2 include Byåsen HE and Levanger Håndballklubb . Fosenhallen outside Botngård in southwestern Fosen ,

2494-419: The shores of Botn . The landslip caused a tsunami to strike the north shore at Leira , which destroyed a saw mill and flooded several houses. Out of the 40 people who were in the area at the time of the slide, one person died. A large portion of the slide was recorded on film by two amateur photographers. Almost four years after the event, a new road and stabilisation work in the area had removed most traces of

2552-445: The slide. The area being returned to agricultural use. While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads . During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elected

2610-476: The southwest are the largest islands in Norway south of the Arctic Circle, including Hitra and Frøya . The broad and long Trondheimsfjord is a main feature, and the lowland surrounding the fjord are among the most important agricultural areas in Norway. In the far south is the mountain ranges Dovrefjell and Trollheimen , and in the southeast is highlands and mountain plateaus, and this is where Røros

2668-744: The summer months larger cruise ships stop in Trondheim. The weather is very much decided by the direction of the wind; southerlies and easterlies bring sunny weather, while westerlies bring precipitation with mild weather in winter and cool rainy weather in summer. Northwesterlies bring the worst weather with snow in winter (often sleet or rain on the coast). Average yearly precipitation varies from 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in some areas of Fosen , to 850 millimetres (33 in) in Trondheim and only 500 millimetres (20 in) in Oppdal Municipality . The interior areas at somewhat higher elevations have cold winters with reliable snow cover, while

2726-421: The surface water is almost fresh from accumulated internal runoff.) Historically, the name of the municipality was spelled Rissen . On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Rissa . The former municipality of Rissen was established in 1860 when it was separated from the big municipality of Stadsbygd . Initially, Rissen had 3,733 residents. The spelling

2784-487: The traits most reminiscing of the old "Rørosfe". Red Troender cattle is a now extinct breed based on the Scottish Ayrshire cattle. This domestic breed of horned red cows was mixed into extinction in the 1960s, and is now succeeded by Norwegian Red Cattle (NRF). Tautra sheep (Tautersau) was a breed of sheep from the island Tautra, which was and still is heavily populated by monks, who have held sheep since

2842-734: The treeline is alpine tundra . There are 38 municipalities in Trøndelag. Kristiansund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal held a referendum on 17 January 2022 on whether to move from Møre og Romsdal to Trøndelag, which was rejected; 36.77% voted to move, while 63.23% voted to stay. Similar referendums were hosted and rejected the preceding autumn in Aure on 13 September 2021 (45% to move, 51% to stay), and in Smøla on 26 September 2021 (27.24% to move, 70.23% to stay). Bindal Municipality in Nordland

2900-432: The two counties in 2016. The largest city in Trøndelag is the city of Trondheim . The administrative centre is Steinkjer , while Trondheim functions as the office of the county mayor. Both cities serve the office of the county governor; however, Steinkjer houses the main functions. Trøndelag county and the neighbouring Møre og Romsdal county together form what is known as Central Norway . A person from Trøndelag

2958-427: Was Þrǿndalǫg . The first element is the genitive plural of þrǿndr which means "person from Trøndelag", while the second is lǫg (plural of lag which means "law; district/people with a common law" (compare Danelaw , Gulaþingslǫg and Njarðarlǫg ). A parallel name for the same district was Þróndheimr which means "the homeland ( heim ) of the þrǿndr ". Þróndheimr may be older since

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3016-568: Was and still is important in the whole county, with the most economical important agriculture taking place in the fertile lowland valleys, such as in Melhus , Orkdal, Skaun , Midtre Gauldal , Malvik and Trondheim , but also near the outer seaboard, such as in Ørland and Rissa . The city of Trondheim has always been at the centre of this area, with administrative functions, as well as industry based on agricultural produce, and more recently education, high-tech business and healthcare. Sør-Trøndelag

3074-416: Was divided in 1804. Trondhjem is the old form of Trondheim .) See also Nord-Trøndelag The coat of arms was from modern times (1983) - but it had old roots: it was the seal of Gaute Ivarsson  [ no ] , archbishop of Trondheim 1475–1510. Sør-Trøndelag consisted of 25 municipalities and had a total area of 18,848 square kilometres (7,277 sq mi). Trondheim is the largest city and

3132-427: Was documented in 1757, and they are thought to have been brought inland. What is known for certain is that Hertfordshire Ryelander rams were imported in the late 1700s to mate with the local Tautra sheep. The Norwegian government held a breeding station on Edøy, that was laid to waste by invading forces during WWII. Despite a couple of decentralized breeding stations the population was too low, and to prevent inbreeding it

3190-484: Was later changed to Rissa . On 1 January 1905, the southwestern district of Lensvik (population: 1,019) on the west side of the Trondheimsfjord was separated from Rissa to form a municipality of its own. This left Rissa with 3,394 residents. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee . On 1 January 1964, most of Stadsbygd municipality (except for

3248-462: Was mixed, amongst others with Old Norwegian Sheep, to improve the quality of other breeds. Grey Troender sheep is an endangered domesticated breed counting only 50 specimens in the year 2000. The crossbreeding to create the Grey Troender started in the late 1800s with heavy influence from Old Norwegian Sheep and Tautra Sheep. To protect this breed the government subsidises breeders. By 2011

3306-585: Was originally decreed by Stortinget on 8 June 2017 to become part of Nærøysund (and thus become part of Trøndelag), but the decision was reversed after another hearing on 21 November 2017, well in advance of Nærøysund becoming a municipality on 1 January 2020. The region's official theatre is the Trøndelag Teater in Trondheim. At Stiklestad in Verdal , the historical play called The Saint Olav Drama has been played each year since 1954. It depicts

3364-463: Was the 158th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,628. The municipality's population density was 11.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (29/sq mi) and its population had increased by 4.1% over the last decade. The municipality was located on the southern end of the Fosen peninsula along the Trondheimsfjord and the Stjørnfjord . The large lake Storvatnet lies on

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