Misplaced Pages

#876123

51-456: The 3,971-square-kilometre (1,533 sq mi) municipality is the 6th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Sør-Varanger is the 112th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 10,063. The municipality's population density is 2.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.5/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.3% over the previous 10-year period. There

102-495: A 1944 report to Norway's prime minister in exile, a Norwegian government official ( embedsmann ) in Finnmark—Thore Boye—said that Norwegian soldiers had [crop-] cut ( snauklippet ) "25 young girls—some of them married" who had been pointed out by local men, as having had relations with German soldiers". The municipality of Sør-Varanger was established on 1 July 1858 when the large Vadsø Municipality (population: 1,171)

153-460: A Russian-Norwegian fellesdistrikt - a district shared between two countries - that had a small Eastern Sami population group that was under Russian jurisdiction. In 1826, the previously disputed areas were divided between Norway and Russia , causing great difficulties for the Sami . The Norwegian state also invited Norwegian settlers to come to the area, building Lutheran churches to counterbalance

204-532: A bit longer, polar night from 25 November to 17 January (54 days). The highest point in the municipality is the 633.85-metre (2,079.6 ft) tall mountain Skipskjølen. Vadsø town has a subarctic climate , with long winters and a cool short summer. Part of the municipality is upland at the Varanger peninsula with alpine tundra climate above the treeline. According to data provided by Vadsø Airport , July

255-454: A little less than the land area of Puerto Rico , 8,868 square kilometres (3,424 sq mi). Although the arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density, several other methods have been developed to provide alternative measures of population density over a specific area. Vads%C3%B8 Municipality Vadsø ( Norwegian: [ˈvɑ̂dsøː] ; Northern Sami : Čáhcesuolu ; Kven : Vesisaari )

306-749: A number of 19th century wooden houses preserved close to the city centre, notably the house of Esbensen, built by a Norwegian, and the house of Tuomainen, built by a Finn. On the island of Vadsøya is the airship mast used by Umberto Nobile and Roald Amundsen for their expedition over the North Pole with the airship Norge in 1926, and used again on Nobile's flight with the airship Italia in 1928. All municipalities in Norway are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, welfare and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality

357-550: A peninsula in the Bøkfjorden. Other settlements include Bugøynes, Neiden, and little hamlets along the river of Pasvikelva . The local airport is called Kirkenes Airport, Høybuktmoen which is also a military camp. The Garrison of Sør-Varanger (GSV) is based at Høybuktmoen. The flora of the area is a part of the Russian and Siberian taiga , including a few hundred spruce trees of the Russian variety. Bears also inhabit

408-521: Is angr which means " bay " or "small fjord ". It was first probably used for the narrow fjord on the inside of Angsnes which now is called "Meskfjorden" and leads into Varangerbotn . Historically, the name of the municipality was spelled Sørvaranger or Sydvaranger . On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Sør-Varanger . Prehistoric labyrinth constructions at Holmengrå , were possibly used for religious purposes. The original inhabitants of

459-511: Is 53/km (140/sq mi). This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica . However, if Antarctica is excluded, then population density rises to over 58 per square kilometre (150/sq mi). The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) has developed a suite of (open and free) data and tools named the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) to improve the science for policy support to

510-516: Is a municipality in Finnmark County , Norway . The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Vadsø , which is also the administrative centre of Finnmark county. Other settlements in Vadsø include Ekkerøy , Kiby , Krampenes , Skallelv , Valen , and Vestre Jakobselv . The 1,258-square-kilometre (486 sq mi) municipality is the 83rd largest by area out of

561-489: Is a Dark-sky park in Pasvik. The municipality (originally the parish ) is named after the large Varangerfjorden ( Old Norse : Verangr or Verjanger ), located along the northern shore of the municipality (a neighboring municipality on the north side of the same fjord was Nord-Varanger ). The first element is verja which is the plural genitive case of the word which means " fishing village ". The last element

SECTION 10

#1732772016877

612-454: Is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans , but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by total land area , sometimes including seas and oceans, as appropriate. Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and further reduce fertility. This is called the Allee effect after

663-507: Is around 8,000,000,000 and the Earth 's total area (including land and water) is 510,000,000 km (200,000,000 sq mi). Therefore, the worldwide human population density is approximately 8,000,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 16/km (41/sq mi). However, if only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km (58,000,000 sq mi) is taken into account, then human population density

714-541: Is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Indre og Østre Finnmark District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal . The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Vadsø is made up of 21 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show

765-442: Is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Indre og Østre Finnmark District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal . The municipal council Norwegian : (Kommunestyre) of Sør-Varanger is made up of 27 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show

816-614: Is located in Kiby , just to the east of the town. The town is also a port of call for the Hurtigruten coastal express boats. Vadsø is located along the European route E75 highway. The service industries have more impact on employment than the total of farming, fishing and the manufacturing industry . The city has suppliers to the regional construction industries, including a concrete works. One bookstore exists (2023). Vadsø

867-497: Is one of the two most important industries related to the city of Kirkenes. Kimek, a company for repair of boats and ships, has 66 employees (as of Q4 2024); the company is one of the largest employers in the municipality - alongside the municipality itself. As of 2013, 2.8% of the work force in Sør-Varanger are employed in the primary sector . Cruise ships have in 2022, stopped using the port at Kirkenes; ship owners consider

918-590: Is the warmest month with an average temperature of 10.9 °C (51.6 °F), while the average daytime temperature hovers around 15 °C (59 °F); on the contrary, February is the coldest, with the average temperature dropping to −6.1 °C (21.0 °F). The annual precipitation is about 410 millimetres (16 in). Spring is a relatively dry season, and precipitation is mainly concentrated in late summer and early autumn. Extreme temperatures ranged from −24.6 °C (−12.3 °F) on February 6, 2012 to 31.0 °C (87.8 °F) on July 19, 2018 . Situated on

969-654: The European Commission Directorate Generals and Services and as support to the United Nations system. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states , microstates and urban dependencies . In fact, 95% of the world's population is concentrated on just 10% of the world's land. These territories have a relatively small area and a high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing also on rural resources outside

1020-491: The Varangerfjorden were established as the new Vadsø Municipality (see formannskapsdistrikt law). The law required that all towns should be separated from their rural districts, but because of a low population and very few voters, this was impossible to carry out for the municipality of Vadsø in 1838. (This was also true in the nearby towns of Hammerfest and Vardø .) In 1839, the western district (population: 598)

1071-467: The 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee . On 1 January 1964, Nord-Varanger Municipality (population: 1,587) was merged with the town of Vadsø (population: 3,353) to form the present-day Vadsø Municipality . On 1 January 2020, the municipality became part of the newly formed Troms og Finnmark county. Previously, it had been part of

SECTION 20

#1732772016877

1122-417: The 357 municipalities in Norway. Vadsø is the 166th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,807. The municipality's population density is 4.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (12/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.7% over the previous 10-year period. The village of Vadsø was granted town status in 1833. In 1838, the town of Vadsø and the entire rural district surrounding

1173-599: The Orthodox heritage, notably the King Oscar II Chapel , located immediately west of the Russian border. The historic border crossing station was at Skafferhullet (which was replaced with the present day station at Storskog ). The King Oscar II Chapel in Grense Jakobselv on the Russian border was built in 1869 to mark the border. During the 19th century, Finnish settlers ( Kven ) arrived to

1224-434: The airport as a hub to regional airports throughout Finnmark. The Kirkenes–Bjørnevatn Line is a 8.5-kilometer (5.3 mi) railway , until 2010 the world's northernmost, which runs between Kirkenes and Bjørnevatn; The European route E6 highway has its northern endpoint in the town of Kirkenes . This highway heads west and then south to the rest of Norway. The European route E105 highway has its northern endpoint in

1275-541: The area are the Skolt Sami . This Sami group migrated between coast and inland in present Norwegian, Finnish, and Russian territory long before any borders existed. In the 16th century, they were converted to the Russian Orthodox faith, and still today the chapel of Saint George at Neiden, dating from 1565, is a reminder of eastern influence. Sør-Varanger became Norwegian in 1826, after having been [part of]

1326-998: The area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation . Deserts have very limited potential for growing crops as there is not enough rain to support them. Thus, their population density is generally low. However, some cities in the Middle East, such as Dubai , have been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at a fast pace. Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Very densely populated cities are mostly in Asia (particularly Southeast Asia ); Africa's Lagos , Kinshasa , and Cairo ; South America's Bogotá , Lima , and São Paulo ; and Mexico City and Saint Petersburg also fall into this category. City population and especially area are, however, heavily dependent on

1377-595: The arms have a red field (background) and the charge is the head of a reindeer stag. The reindeer head has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. Reindeer husbandry is common in the municipality and of great economic importance, especially important among the Sámi population. The reindeer also symbolizes freedom, strength, and endurance. The arms were designed by Hallvard Trætteberg . The Church of Norway has one parish ( sokn ) within

1428-536: The current and historical composition of the council by political party . The mayors ( Norwegian : ordfører ) of Sør-Varanger: Kirkenes Airport, Høybuktmoen is operated by the state-owned Avinor and serves as the main primary airport for eastern Finnmark county. Located 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) west of Kirkenes, at Høybuktmoen , the airport has a 2,115-meter (6,939 ft) long runway which allows Scandinavian Airlines and Norwegian Air Shuttle to operate direct flights to Oslo . In addition Widerøe uses

1479-537: The current and historical composition of the council by political party . The mayors ( Norwegian : ordfører ) of Vadsø: The municipality of Vadsø forms the southern coast of the Varanger Peninsula . The treeline lies at 100 m - 200 m ASL, highest at sheltered areas into the fjord away from the sea. There is no conifer forest in the municipality, the treeline is made up of birch forest, and willow shrubs are also common. The Varangerfjorden lies along

1530-547: The definition of "urban area" used: densities are almost invariably higher for the center only than when suburban settlements and intervening rural areas are included, as in the agglomeration or metropolitan area (the latter sometimes including neighboring cities). In comparison, based on a world population of 8 billion, the world's inhabitants, if conceptualized as a loose crowd occupying just under 1 m (10 sq ft) per person (cf. Jacobs Method ), would occupy an area of 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi)

1581-416: The general public, from the site of the carvings.) Popular leisure activities include salmon fishing in one of the numerous rivers, hunting for moose and grouse , and snowmobile driving. Many inhabitants also own and frequently use a cabin located in more remote parts of the municipality. Population density Population density (in agriculture : standing stock or plant density )

Sør-Varanger Municipality - Misplaced Pages Continue

1632-446: The line, the field has a tincture of gules (red). The arms show three flames along the division of the field . The division of the shield symbolizes the importance of the number three: The three main sources of income are agriculture , mining , and fishing ; the municipality also has three main rivers ( Neiden , Pasvikelva , and Jakobselva ) that form the borders of Norway, Russia , and Finland ; and there are three cultures in

1683-552: The mine was connected to the port in Kirkenes by Kirkenes–Bjørnevatn Line , the world's most northern railway . The mine was closed in 1996, but re-opened in 2009. In October 1944, Soviet forces chased Nazi-Germany's forces out of the municipality; some inhabitants were living in tunnels (outside Kirkenes) used for the mining industry, when the Soviet forces arrived; at the time Kirkenes was under intense bombing from aircraft. In

1734-569: The municipality of Vadsø. It is part of the Varanger prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland . In the 16th century, the settlement of Vadsø consisted of a fishing village and the old Vadsø Church , located on the island of Vadsøya . The settlement later moved to the mainland. Pomor trade led Vadsø to be a major trading centre in this part of Norway. Township privilege was granted in 1833, and soon settlers came from Finland and

1785-584: The municipality: Norwegians , Finns , and Sami . The arms were designed by Sissel Sildnes. Sør-Varanger is a vast area of about 3,700 square kilometres (1,429 sq mi), situated between Finland and Russia. Most of the area is low-lying forest of pine and birch , with barren sections facing the Barents Sea . The highest point in the municipality is the 497.1-metre (1,631 ft) tall mountain Báhttervárri. The Varangerfjorden runs along

1836-518: The northern part of Sweden , which suffered from famine . Finnish was rapidly becoming the language of the majority, and this continued for decades. As of 2016, Finnish is still spoken in some households. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany , Vadsø suffered several air raids from the Soviet Union , which bombed German troops. However, there are, unlike most places in Finnmark,

1887-535: The northern part of the municipality and the Bøkfjorden runs north–south cutting into the municipality and flowing into the Varangerfjorden. The large island of Skogerøya lies on the west side of the Bøkfjorden. Skogerøytoppen is the tallest mountain on Skogerøya. The Bøkfjord Lighthouse lies along the mouth of the Bøkfjorden. The municipal centre of Sør-Varanger is the town of Kirkenes, located on

1938-453: The old Finnmark county. On 1 January 2024, the Troms og Finnmark county was divided and the municipality once again became part of Finnmark county. The municipality is named after the town of Vadsø . The name of the town comes from the island Vadsøya , since that was the original townsite. The Old Norse form of the name would be *Vazøy , *Vatsøy , *Vassøy ; the eldest references to

1989-453: The port to be too close to the [Russian border or] Russia; in 2022 the war between Russia and Ukraine escalated. The mining company Sydvaranger went bankrupt in 2015 and its mining operations in the municipality does not have a timeframe for a restart (as of 2022), however there are 30 employees preparing for a possible restart; the company was acquired by Tacora Resources Inc (an American corporation) in 2021. In Q2 2024, Grangex completed

2040-650: The purchase of Sydvaranger Mining ; case work by the authorities shows planning for 400-500 employees split between the mining complex at Bjørnevatn and the complex in Kirkenes (for processing and moving products onto freighting ships ). A research station at Svanvik (which is part of Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi ), has employees of the national government. All municipalities in Norway are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, welfare and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality

2091-443: The scientist who identified it. Examples of the causes of reduced fertility in low population densities are: Population density is the number of people per unit of area, usually transcribed as "per square kilometer" or square mile, and which may include or exclude, for example, areas of water or glaciers. Commonly this is calculated for a county , city , country , another territory or the entire world . The world's population

Sør-Varanger Municipality - Misplaced Pages Continue

2142-426: The shores of the Varangerfjorden the municipality of Vadsø is known for its birdlife. Many of its coastal localities like Store Ekkerøy are internationally known for its rich and interesting birdlife. The harbor at Vadsø can produce all three species of eider , including the small Steller's eider . Fishing permits (for salmon fishing) are sold for use on specific rivers, including Komag-elva. Vadsø Airport

2193-407: The southern coast of the municipality and the river Jakobselva runs along the western border of Vadsø. The small islands of Lille Ekkerøy and Vadsøya lie in the Varangerfjorden. The Varangerhalvøya National Park lies in a large part of the interior parts of the municipality. The " midnight sun " is above the horizon from 17 May to 28 July (73 days), and the period with continuous daylight lasts

2244-467: The town show the forms Vasthøen (1520) and Vaadsøenn (1567). The first element is the genitive case of vatn which means " water " and the last element is øy which means " island ". Therefore, the meaning of the name is "the island with drinking water". The coat of arms was granted on 20 February 1976. The official blazon is " Gules , a reindeer's head couped argent " ( Norwegian : På rød bunn et hvitt reinbukkhode ). This means

2295-410: The upper valley, notably in the Øvre Pasvik National Park , Øvre Pasvik Landscape Protection Area , and Pasvik Nature Reserve . Lakes include Ellenvatnet , Gardsjøen , Garsjøen , Klistervatnet , and Ødevatnet . The fjords include Korsfjorden . Sør-Varanger has a boreal climate (subarctic) with long, cold winters. Summers are short, but can sometimes see warm temperatures. The service sector

2346-647: The valleys, and since 1906, Norwegians came in large numbers because of the iron mining starting up near Kirkenes. After the Treaty of Tartu the area of Petsamo was ceded to Finland, and Sør-Varanger (and Norway) no longer bordered Russia, until Finland had to cede it back to the Soviet Union in 1944. In 1906, the Sydvaranger company opened the Bjørnevatn Mine at Bjørnevatn and four years later

2397-842: The village of Hesseng , just south of Kirkenes. That highway heads south into Russia through the Storskog border crossing, the only legal public crossing on the Norway-Russia border . The Church of Norway has one parish ( sokn ) within the municipality of Sør-Varanger. It is part of the Varanger prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland . In 2015 rock carvings , estimatedly dated to 4200–5200 B.C. were found at Tømmerneset on Gamneset , several kilometers outside Kirkenes. The carvings were discovered along an old path used by reindeers—between two crags —by an archaeologist traveling between existing excavation sites at Gamneset. (A planned oil terminal will expectedly shut out

2448-421: The western district of Vadsø (population: 866) was separated (once again) to re-create Nesseby Municipality , leaving Vadsø with 1,367 residents. On 1 January 1894, the rest of the rural district (population: 1,296) surrounding the town of Vadsø was separated to form the new Nord-Varanger Municipality . This left just the town of Vadsø remaining in the municipality of Vadsø which now had 1,114 residents. During

2499-475: Was divided and the part located south of the Varangerfjorden became the new Sør-Varanger municipality. The borders of the municipality have not changed since that time. On 1 January 2020, the municipality became part of the newly formed Troms og Finnmark county. Previously, it had been part of the old Finnmark county. On 1 January 2024, the Troms og Finnmark county was divided and the municipality once again became part of Finnmark county. The coat of arms

2550-411: Was granted on 16 April 1982. The official blazon is " Per bend rayonny Or and gules " ( Norwegian : Skrådelt av gult og rødt ved tretunget flammesnitt ). This means the arms have a field (background) with a diagonal line in the shape of flames. Above the line, the field has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. Below

2601-493: Was separated to become the new Nesseby Municipality . This left Vadsø with 388 residents. In 1858, Vadsø Municipality changed again: Nesseby Municipality (population: 706) was merged back into Vadsø and the district of Vadsø located south of the Varangerfjorden (population: 1,171) was separated to form the new Sør-Varanger Municipality . This change resulted in a population of 2,050 in Vadsø Municipality. In 1864,

SECTION 50

#1732772016877
#876123