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86-426: AT&T delivers most internet service over a fiber-to-the-node (FTTN) or fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) communications network. In the more common FTTN deployment, fiber-optic connections carry all data (internet, IPTV, and voice over IP) between the service provider and a distribution node. The remaining run from the node to the network interface device in the customer's home uses a copper-wire current loop that

172-467: A 12 VDC power supply fed over several tens of meters of cable. Power line networking deployments also rely on FTTC. Using the IEEE P1901 protocol (or its predecessor HomePlug AV ) existing electric service cables move up to 1 Gbit/s from the curb/pole/cabinet into every AC electrical outlet in the home—coverage equivalent to a robust Wi-Fi implementation, with the added advantage of

258-413: A repeater does. Smartjacks also typically provide diagnostic capabilities. A very common capability provided by a smartjack is loopback , such that the signal from the telephone company is transmitted back to the telephone company. This allows the company to test the line from the central telephone exchange , without the need to have test equipment at the customer site. The telephone company usually has

344-408: A VDSL2 transport link which uses one of the following modems: Along with the modems above, those eligible for fiber-to-the-home may have additional routers that could be used: Those who are eligible for double play (Internet and Phone) only, and aren't serviced by fiber-to-the-home, will use an ADSL2+ transport type which uses one of the following modems: Currently four devices support bonded pair:

430-432: A halfway measure between fixed wireless and FTTH, with special advantages for smart appliances and electric vehicles that rely on PLC use already. Operators around the world have been rolling out high-speed Internet access networks since the mid-2000s. Some used a network topology known as Active Ethernet Point-to-Point to deliver services from its central office directly into subscribers' homes. Fiber termination

516-457: A list of measures to promote the deployment of fast broadband and next-generation access networks. Portugal Telecom plans to complete its fiber-to-the-home nationwide roll out by 2020. Currently 200 Mbit/s down, 100 Mbit/s up costs €22 per month. Between September 2017 and March 2019, the number of European FTTH and FTTB subscribers increased by nearly 16%. By 2025, the total number of premises passed by FTTH and FTTB infrastructure

602-426: A location. Each switching cabinet can handle up to 1,000 customers, although 400–500 is more typical. This neighborhood equipment performs layer 2 switching or layer 3 switching and routing, offloading full layer 3 routing to the carrier's central office. The IEEE 802.3ah standard enables service providers to deliver up to 1000 Mbit/s , full-duplex , over one single-mode optical fiber FTTP, depending on

688-428: A lot of bandwidth, but they cost more because of the fiber and the equipment in the central office. Direct fiber is generally favored by new entrants and competitive operators. A benefit is that no layer 2 networking technologies are excluded, whether passive optical network (PON), active optical network (AON), or other. Any form of regulatory remedy is possible using this topology. More commonly, each fiber leaving

774-439: A monthly fee, or purchased with a 1-year warranty), and includes a wireless router and modem, which they call a residential gateway (RG) or internet gateway . They also provide TV receivers made by Cisco (through Scientific Atlanta ) and Arris (from the former Motorola cable division) (including standard receivers, wireless receivers, and DVR receivers). Those eligible for triple play (TV, Internet, and Phone) will use

860-414: A national service gave the service a higher degree of leverage in negotiating carriage deals, thus resulting in lower content costs. On March 29, 2016, AT&T announced that it would increase data caps on its Internet service on May 23, 2016. On May 16, 2016, AT&T acquired Quickplay Media, a cloud-based platform that powers over-the-top video services. On September 19, 2016, AT&T announced that

946-640: A number of operators, including AT&T in the United States, Germany's Deutsche Telekom , Greece 's OTE , Swisscom, TIM in Italy, Proximus in Belgium, nbn™ in Australia , and Canadian operators Telus , Cogeco and Bell Canada . The simplest optical distribution network architecture is direct fiber: each fiber leaving the central office goes to exactly one customer. These networks can support

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1032-530: A place to connect test equipment. Several types of NIDs provide more than just a terminal for the connection of wiring. Such NIDs are colloquially called smartjacks or Intelligent Network Interface Devices (INIDs) as an indication of their built-in "intelligence", as opposed to a simple NID, which is just a wiring device. Smartjacks are typically used for more complicated types of telecommunications service, such as T1 lines . Plain old telephone service lines generally cannot be equipped with smartjacks. Despite

1118-484: A service fee to condition and pair bond the lines and install a new gateway, plus additional monthly charges. AT&T Business Internet ( ATTBI ) is a provider of Internet access and services. ATTBI provides local access. It is available in 59 countries. Extended access features allow users to reach 147 additional countries. ATTBI provides DSL services with speeds ranging from 25 to 500 Mbps, and fiber-optic services at up to 1 Gbps. AT&T Internet uses

1204-436: A single cable for power and data. By avoiding new cable and its cost and liabilities, FTTC costs less to deploy. However, it also has historically had lower bandwidth potential than FTTP. In practice, the relative advantage of fiber depends on the bandwidth available for backhaul , usage-based billing restrictions that prevent full use of last-mile capabilities, and customer premises equipment and maintenance restrictions, and

1290-402: A variety of factors, such as the physical geography of the local environment, number of anticipated subscribers, and labor force skill. FTTN/C is seen as an interim step towards full FTTH and in many cases triple-play services delivered using this approach to provide up to around 100 Mbit/s have been proven to grow subscriber numbers and ARPU considerably FTTN/C is currently used by

1376-465: A way to deliver multiple services over open-access networks in the United States. Once on private property, the signal is typically converted into an electrical format. Network interface device In telecommunications , a network interface device ( NID ; also known by several other names) is a device that serves as the demarcation point between the carrier's local loop and the customer's premises wiring . Outdoor telephone NIDs also provide

1462-481: A web portal in 1995 in support of AT&T Worldnet. Following the acquisition of AT&T by SBC Communications in 2005, and the subsequent acquisition of BellSouth, the purpose of the att.net portal widened: it was made to serve as the portal not only for Worldnet customers, but also for customers of BellSouth Dial and BellSouth DSL, as well as for all AT&T ISP customers in the SBC territory who had not elected to use

1548-442: Is FTTB. Fiber to the curb/cabinet (FTTC) is a telecommunications system based on fiber-optic cables run to a platform that serves several customers. Each of these customers has a connection to this platform via coaxial cable or twisted pair . The "curb" is an abstraction and can just as easily mean a pole-mounted device or communications closet or shed. Typically any system terminating fiber within 300 m (1,000 ft) of

1634-759: Is a common way of delivering triple- and quad-play (voice, video, data, and mobile) services over both fiber and hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) networks. Active PPPoE uses dedicated fiber from an operator's central office all the way to the subscribers' homes, while hybrid networks (often FTTN) use it to transport data via fiber to an intermediate point to ensure sufficiently high throughput speeds over last-mile copper connections. This approach has become increasingly popular in recent years with telecoms service providers in both North America ( AT&T , Telus , for example) and Europe's Fastweb , Telecom Italia , Telekom Austria and Deutsche Telekom , for example. Google has also looked into this approach, amongst others, as

1720-411: Is a type of NID with capabilities beyond simple electrical connection, such as diagnostics. An optical network terminal (ONT) is a type of NID used with fiber-to-the-premises applications. The simplest NIDs are essentially just a specialized set of wiring terminals . These will typically take the form of a small, weather-proof box, mounted on the outside of the building. The telephone line from

1806-438: Is connected for DSL (through a splitter installed by a technician), or splitter-free if no landline shares the pair. Conditions where higher speeds are still attainable through filters or quality wiring to more than one jack occur less often. AT&T announced Internet 45 service (formerly "Power") on August 26, 2013. Internet 45 required two conditioned line pairs (pair bond) and a Motorola NVG589 VDSL2+ Gateway. AT&T charges

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1892-524: Is directly connected to AT&T's network, bypassing the NAT table of an AT&T gateway, and based on the method used, mimicking and/or disabling 802.1X authentication on third-party equipment. When AT&T launched IP-DSL (ADSL2+, double play only), they installed connections with either the 2Wire 2701HGV-B or Motorola 2210 (pairing the latter with a Cisco Linksys E1000 for residential customers, or an EdgeMarc 250AEW for business customers). The 2Wire 2701HGV-B

1978-712: Is expected to reach 187 million throughout Europe. Google Fiber provides speed of up to 8 Gbit/s . Active Line Access is an evolving standard for the provision of services over FTTP networks in the United Kingdom proposed by the regulator Ofcom and developed by the Network Interoperability Consultative Committee. Most FTTH deployments follow one of four primary architecture types: centralized split, distributed split, star architecture, or daisy-chaining. Fiber network developers choose architectures based on

2064-859: Is greater than 24 Mbit/s  – this threshold is commonly considered to be the maximum speed that can be supported on current generation (copper-based) networks." A similar network called a hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) network is used by cable television operators but is usually not synonymous with "fiber In the loop", although similar advanced services are provided by the HFC networks. Fixed wireless and mobile wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi , WiMAX and 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) are an alternative for providing Internet access . The telecommunications industry differentiates between several distinct FTTX configurations. The terms in most widespread use today are: To promote consistency, especially when comparing FTTH penetration rates between countries,

2150-548: Is lower, as most customers subscribe to a bundle (such as TV and Phone) and so are counted in both categories. At an analyst meeting in August 2015, following AT&T's acquisition of satellite provider DirecTV , AT&T announced plans for a new "home entertainment gateway" platform that will converge DirecTV and U-verse around a common platform based upon DirecTV hardware with "very thin hardware profiles". AT&T Entertainment and Internet Services CEO John Stankey explained that

2236-536: Is responsible for repair. If the telephone does not work, the line is faulty and the telephone company is responsible for repair. Most NIDs also include "circuit protectors", which are surge protectors for a telephone line. They protect customer wiring, equipment, and personnel from any transient energy on the line, such as from a lightning strike to a utility pole . Simple NIDs are "dumb" devices, as they contain no digital logic . They have no capabilities beyond wiring termination, circuit protection, and providing

2322-417: Is sometimes given the acronym FTTLA (fiber-to-the-last-amplifier) when it replaces analog amplifiers up to the last one before the customer (or neighborhood of customers). FTTC allows delivery of broadband services such as high-speed internet. Usually, existing wire is used with communications protocols such as broadband cable access (typically DOCSIS ) or some form of DSL connecting the curb/cabinet and

2408-417: Is the key method used to drive next-generation access ( NGA ), which describes a significant upgrade to the broadband available by making a step change in speed and quality of the service. This is typically thought of as asymmetrical with a download speed of 24 Mbit/s plus and a fast upload speed. Ofcom have defined super-fast broadband as "broadband products that provide a maximum download speed that

2494-488: Is traditionally part of the PSTN (public switched telephone network). In more recently constructed housing developments, AT&T uses an FTTP deployment—they run fiber-optic cable from their DSLAM all the way to an optical network terminal in the customer's home. In areas where AT&T deploys internet through FTTN, they use High-speed digital subscriber lines with ADSL2+ or VDSL technology. Service offerings depend on

2580-479: Is used to terminate the optical fiber line, demultiplex the signal into its component parts (voice telephone , television , and Internet access ), and provide power to customer telephones. If the device combines all these services into one it is known as an IAD . As the ONT must derive its power from the customer premises electrical supply, many ONTs have the option for a battery backup in order to maintain service in

2666-525: The Alcatel-Lucent 7330 or 7340 Intelligent Services Access Manager (ISAM) shelf, also called a video-ready access device (VRAD), deployed either in a central office (CO) or to a neighborhood serving area interface (SAI). These models are both composed of circuit boards providing service, which are fed by fiber. FTTN (fiber to the node) systems use model 7330, which uses existing copper wiring to customers' homes, leading to distance limitations from

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2752-445: The local loop used for last mile telecommunications . As fiber optic cables are able to carry much more data than copper cables, especially over long distances, copper telephone networks built in the 20th century are being replaced by fiber. FTTX is a generalization for several configurations of fiber deployment, arranged into two groups: FTTP/FTTH/FTTB (fiber laid all the way to the premises/home/building) and FTTC/N (fiber laid to

2838-483: The telephone company will enter the NID and be connected to one side. The customer connects their wiring to the other side. A single NID enclosure may contain termination for a single line or multiple lines. In its role as the demarcation point (dividing line), the NID separates the telephone company's equipment from the customer's wiring and equipment. The telephone company owns the NID and all wiring up to it. Anything past

2924-417: The web address for this unified portal. On May 4, 2016, AT&T announced that it had entered into a new contract with Synacor for the company to take over the majority of its in-house internet services. AT&T stated that Yahoo would still provide email services for its customers, but effective June 30, 2017, AT&T e-mail accounts would no longer automatically function as Yahoo accounts. However,

3010-518: The "U-verse" brand would no longer apply to its broadband and VoIP phone services, renaming them "AT&T Internet" and "AT&T Phone", respectively, while the AT&;T U-verse TV brand was maintained. AT&T adopted "AT&T Fiber" as the new brand name for its fiber-based internet service, with the "AT&T Internet" brand continuing to be used for its DSL internet service. On April 25, 2017, AT&T reported that it had lost 233,000 subscribers in

3096-468: The 2Wire iNID, Arris NVG589 and NVG599, and Pace 5268AC. The Motorola NVG589 originally replaced the 2Wire iNID for all bonded pair installs. The NVG599 and 5268AC both have replaced the NVG589 and are used interchangeably. These three devices are capable of both ADSL2+ and VDSL. All AT&T Internet transport types use 802.1X authentication. This means only equipment on AT&T's approved list works with

3182-413: The 2Wire/Pace and Motorola routers). Some users on GPON and XGS-PON have unofficially replaced AT&T's router by bridging 802.1X packets from one, extracting the 802.1X certificates from one and implanting them on a third-party router, or using a third-party ONT by "cloning" the AT&T-provided ONT with its serial number and MAC address to an aftermarket unit. With this method, the third-party router

3268-467: The AON. Each signal leaving the central office is directed only to the customer for whom it is intended. Incoming signals from the customers avoid colliding at the intersection because the powered equipment there provides buffering . Active Ethernet (a type of Ethernet in the first mile ) is a common AON, which uses optical Ethernet switches to distribute the signal, incorporating the customers' premises and

3354-577: The AT&T Internet service, as other (non-AT&T) equipment cannot authenticate with AT&T ADSL2+/VDSL2 DSLAMs and GPON/XGS-PON ONTs. Another side-effect of AT&T Internet's authentication protocol is the lack of bridge mode support (unlike standard DSL that uses PPPoE authentication, which is easily bridgeable). At best, 2Wire/Pace routers support DMZ + mode, while Motorola/ Arris devices support IP Passthrough. AT&T allows residential and business customers to pay for static IP addresses, which they support on all AT&T approved equipment (including

3440-582: The AT&T name was applied for the service. Beta testing began in San Antonio in 2005 and AT&T U-verse was commercially launched June 26, 2006, in San Antonio. A few months later on November 30, 2006, the service was launched in Houston. In December 2006, the product launched in Chicago, San Francisco, Oakland, Hartford, Indianapolis, and other cities in their vicinities. In February 2007, U-verse

3526-541: The Fiber for Italy initiative, had an even more ambitious plan to bring fiber-to-the-home and fiber-to-the-business to 138 cities by 2018. By the end of December 2010, the total number of fiber-to-the-home enabled homes had passed 2.5 million, with more than 348,000 subscribers. ) In September 2010, the European Commission published a new "Recommendation for Regulated Access to NGA Networks" along with

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3612-407: The NID is the customer's responsibility. To facilitate this, there is typically a test jack inside the NID. Accessing the test jack disconnects the customer premises wiring from the public switched telephone network and allows the customer to plug a "known good" telephone into the jack to isolate trouble. If the telephone works at the test jack, the problem is the customer's wiring, and the customer

3698-460: The NVG589 in some installations where the customer otherwise is too far from a node for service. Additionally, it supports an internal battery for those who subscribe to AT&T Phone service for battery backup during power failures. AT&T no longer supplies the battery to customers for any residential service. AT&T Worldnet , a dial-up Internet access service, was launched in 1996 to compete with AOL . As of 2007, AT&T Internet Services

3784-662: The Powered by Yahoo! portal in December 2008, and the final migrations were completed in May 2010. In an effort to make the most of the relationship with Yahoo! and to simplify its offerings, AT&T determined that it would close the historical, internally developed portal at att.net. All AT&T ISP customers were provisioned with AT&T-branded accounts on the Yahoo! portal and with Yahoo! premium-level e-mail accounts, and att.net became

3870-478: The SBC Yahoo! portal. On January 30, 2008, AT&T announced that it would end a longtime partnership with Google for my.att.net and instead would begin to offer services provided by Yahoo! beginning in the second quarter of 2008 for all AT&T Internet Services customers. On April 2, 2008, the new att.net powered by Yahoo! was launched. AT&T began migrating customers off the old Worldnet portal and onto

3956-1098: The United States, in Chattanooga , Tennessee , despite being conducted by power utility EPB , was FTTH rather than FTTC, reaching every subscriber in a 600-square-mile area. Monthly pricing of US$ 350 reflected this generally high cost of deployment. However, Chattanooga EPB has reduced the monthly pricing to US$ 70/month. Historically, both telephone and cable companies avoided hybrid networks using several different modes of transport from their point of presence into customer premises. The increased competitive cost pressure, availability of three different existing wire solutions, smart grid deployment requirements (as in Chattanooga), and better hybrid networking tools (with major vendors like Alcatel-Lucent and Qualcomm Atheros , and Wi-Fi solutions for edge networks , IEEE 1905 and IEEE 802.21 protocol efforts and SNMP improvements) all make FTTC deployments more likely in areas uneconomic to serve with FTTP/FTTH. In effect FTTC serves as

4042-512: The VRAD cabinet to the customer's home. The 7330 ISAM is an internet protocol DSL access multiplexer that supports VDSL and ADSL protocols. FTTP (fiber to the premises) systems use model 7340, mostly in areas such as new neighborhoods or large housing developments, where AT&T chooses to run fiber to the household, removing the distance limitations of copper. The 7340 then connects to a serving area interface, which distributes service to homes in

4128-554: The ability to remotely activate loopback, without even needing personnel at the customer site. When looped back, the customer equipment is disconnected from the line. Additional smartjack diagnostic capabilities include alarm indication signal , which reports trouble at one end of the line to the far end. This helps the telephone company know if trouble is present in the line, the smartjack, or customer equipment. Indicator lights to show configuration, status, and alarms are also common. Smartjacks typically derive their operating power from

4214-543: The building can offer the highest speeds since the remaining segments can use standard Ethernet or coaxial cable. Fiber is often said to be "future-proof" because the data rate of the connection is usually limited by the terminal equipment rather than the fiber, permitting substantial speed improvements by equipment upgrades before the fiber itself must be upgraded. Still, the type and length of employed fibers chosen, e.g. multimode vs. single-mode, are critical for applicability for future connections of over 1 Gbit/s . With

4300-434: The cabinet is usually less than one mile in radius and can contain several hundred customers. FTTN allows delivery of broadband services such as high-speed internet. High-speed communications protocols such as broadband cable access (typically DOCSIS ) or some form of digital subscriber line (DSL) are used between the cabinet and the customers. Data rates vary according to the exact protocol used and according to how close

4386-400: The cabinet/node, with copper wires completing the connection). Residential areas already served by balanced pair distribution plant call for a trade-off between cost and capacity. The closer the fiber head, the higher the cost of construction and the higher the channel capacity. In places not served by metallic facilities, little cost is saved by not running fiber to the home. Fiber to the x

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4472-458: The central office into a large switched Ethernet network. Ethernet in the first mile deployments follow a point to point or star network topology and are often based on Fast Ethernet speeds of up to 100 Mbit/s . Such networks are identical to Ethernet computer networks used in businesses and academic institutions, except that their purpose is to connect homes and buildings to a central office rather than to connect computers and printers within

4558-405: The central office is actually shared by many customers. It is not until such a fiber gets relatively close to the customers that it is split into individual customer-specific fibers. AONs and PONs both achieve this split. AONs rely on electrically powered network equipment to distribute the signal, such as a switch or router . Normally, signals need an optical-electrical-optical transformation in

4644-511: The common form of Gigabit Ethernet ( 1 Gbit/s ) runs over relatively economical category 5e , category 6 or 6A unshielded twisted-pair copper cabling but only to 100 m (300 ft). However, 1 Gbit/s Ethernet over fiber can easily reach tens of kilometers. Therefore, FTTP has been selected by every major communications provider in the world to carry data over long 1 Gbit/s symmetrical connections directly to consumer homes. FTTP configurations that bring fiber directly into

4730-405: The company had about 650,000 total DSL connections. It continues to sell its hybrid-fiber service, sold as “AT&T Internet,” which combines fiber trunk lines with DSL last-mile connections for faster speeds. On August 2, 2021, the spinoff of DirecTV was completed. AT&T TV (which became DirecTV Stream ) and U-verse TV are now wholly owned services of DirecTV. AT&T created att.net as

4816-682: The cost of running fiber that can vary widely with geography and building type. In the United States and Canada, the largest deployment of FTTC was carried out by BellSouth Telecommunications . With the acquisition of BellSouth by AT&T , deployment of FTTC will end. Future deployments will be based on either FTTN or FTTP. Existing FTTC plant may be removed and replaced with FTTP. Verizon , meanwhile, announced in March 2010 they were winding down Verizon FiOS expansion, concentrating on completing their network in areas that already had FiOS franchises but were not deploying to new areas, suggesting that FTTH

4902-435: The customer is to the cabinet. Unlike FTTP, FTTN often uses existing coaxial or twisted-pair infrastructure to provide last mile service and is thus less costly to deploy. In the long term, however, its bandwidth potential is limited relative to implementations that bring the fiber still closer to the subscriber. A variant of this technique for cable television providers is used in a hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) system. It

4988-421: The customer premises equipment would be described as FTTC. Fiber to the node or neighborhood (FTTN), sometimes identified with and sometimes distinguished from fiber to the cabinet (FTTC), is a telecommunication architecture based on fiber-optic cables run to a cabinet serving a neighborhood. Customers typically connect to this cabinet using traditional coaxial cable or twisted pair wiring. The area served by

5074-546: The customer's distance to an available port in the distribution node, or the central office. In so-called "fringe" areas, AT&T provides High Speed Internet through IP-DSLAM ADSL2+, which does not require pair bonding or a VRAD and operates at slower bitrates than pair-bonded VDSL2 . In practice, VRADs are not installed in many older urban neighborhoods as AT&T prepares to abandon the fixed-line broadband market. AT&T Internet provides internet access to computers connected on-premises via Ethernet cabling or Wi-Fi from

5160-602: The customers. In these protocols, the data rates vary according to the exact protocol used and according to how close the customer is to the cabinet. Where it is feasible to run new cable, both fiber and copper Ethernet are capable of connecting the "curb" with a full 100 Mbit/s or 1 Gbit/s connection. Even using relatively cheap outdoor category 5 copper over hundreds of meters, all Ethernet protocols including power over Ethernet (PoE) are supported . Most fixed wireless technologies rely on PoE, including Motorola Canopy , which has low-power radios capable of running on

5246-404: The deal was ended in 2019, and the contract was awarded to Verizon Communications , which had purchased Yahoo! in 2017. The "Currently from AT&T" branding was introduced at this time. Fiber to the node Fiber to the x ( FTTX ; also spelled "fibre") or fiber in the loop is a generic term for any broadband network architecture using optical fiber to provide all or part of

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5332-407: The distance exceeds 100 m (300 ft). Fiber to the premises (FTTP) is a form of fiber-optic communication delivery in which an optical fiber is run in an optical distribution network from the central office all the way to the premises occupied by the subscriber. The term "FTTP" has become ambiguous and may also refer to FTTC where the fiber terminates at a utility pole without reaching

5418-573: The domains assigned to them by e-mail services provided by Maillennium, a system developed by AT&T Labs. In 2010, AT&T announced the migration of all former Worldnet-based accounts to AT&T Dial, AT&T High Speed Internet, AT&T Pre-Paid Internet or a standalone portal or e-mail service. Between April 5 and April 15, 2010, all WorldNet accounts that had not been migrated were suspended. AT&T Dial services were terminated in November 2020. AT&T U-verse , commonly called U-verse ,

5504-467: The end of 2011, U-verse was available to more than 30 million living units in 22 states and U-verse TV had 3.8 million customers. By mid-2012, AT&T had 4.1 million U-Verse TV subscribers, 2.6 million Phone subscribers, and 6.5 million Internet subscribers. By the third quarter of 2012, AT&T had 4.3 million TV subscribers, 2.7 million Phone subscribers and 7.1 million Internet. This represents 7% growth quarter on quarter. The actual number of customers

5590-747: The first quarter of 2017. In 2014, it launched AT&T Fiber in Austin, Texas with 300 Mbps speeds, but as of 2014 top download speeds have increased to 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps). In 2019, AT&T rolled out 100% Fiber Network Powered by AT&T Fiber Live in 84 Metro areas. In selected markets, AT&T began to replace AT&T U-verse TV with a new service based on its DirecTV Now platform, AT&T TV , in August 2019. On April 3, 2020, AT&T began announcing that U-verse TV would no longer be available to new customers. New customers ended up receiving AT&T TV for TV service. However, by September 2020 AT&T spokesman Ryan Oliver, when asked if AT&T

5676-505: The included residential gateway or DSL modem . AT&T Fiber, or as it is known AT&T Internet powered by Fiber, provides fiber to the home (FTTH) service in select markets. Historically a form of AT&T Fiber Internet launched in the fall of 2013 branded as GigaPower, and bundled with U-verse TV as "U-verse with GigaPower". Basic, Express, Pro, Elite and Max (VDSL) are usually available for self-installation. Max (ADSL2+), Max Plus, and Max Turbo can be self-installed if only one jack

5762-476: The moment it leaves the ISP's facilities until it reaches the customer, many ISPs prefer this technology. The downstream signal coming from the central office is broadcast to each customer premises sharing a fiber. Encryption is used to prevent eavesdropping. Upstream signals are combined using a multiple-access protocol, usually time-division multiple access (TDMA). Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)

5848-455: The name, most smartjacks are much more than a simple telephone jack . One common form for a smartjack is a printed circuit board with a face plate on one edge, mounted in an enclosure. A smartjack may provide signal conversion, converting codes and protocols, e.g. , framing types, to the type needed by the customer equipment. It may buffer and/or regenerate the signal, to compensate for signal degradation from line transmission, similar to what

5934-404: The neighborhood, via a dual strand fiber, which then splits into 32 customer fiber pairs. The fiber pairs typically lead to a customer's residence at the network interface device . The VRAD typically connects upstream to an Alcatel-Lucent 7450 Ethernet service switch in the central office hub, then to the headend video hub office . AT&T provides the customer premises equipment (leased for

6020-483: The new platform would offer "single truck roll installation for multiple products, live local streaming, improved content portability, over-the-top integration for mobile broadband, and user interface re-engineering." In February 2016, Bloomberg reported that AT&T was in the process of phasing out the U-verse IPTV service by encouraging new customers to purchase DirecTV satellite service instead, and by ending

6106-421: The premises. Fiber to the premises can be categorized according to where the optical fiber ends: An apartment building may provide an example of the distinction between FTTH and FTTB. If a fiber is run to a panel inside each subscriber's apartment unit, it is FTTH. If instead, the fiber goes only as far as the apartment building's shared electrical room (either only to the ground floor or to each floor), it

6192-424: The production of new set-top boxes for the service. An AT&T spokesperson denied that U-verse was being shut down and explained that the company was "leading its video marketing approach with DirecTV" to "realize the many benefits" of the purchase, but would still recommend U-verse TV if it better-suited a customer's needs. AT&T CFO John Stephens had also previously stated that DirecTV's larger subscriber base as

6278-403: The provider. A passive optical network (PON) is a point-to-multipoint FTTP network architecture in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve up to 128 customers. A PON reduces the fiber and central office equipment required compared with point-to-point architecture. Because of this, and because it needs no powered splitters or other active components from

6364-576: The rising popularity of high-definition , on-demand video streaming applications and devices such as YouTube , Netflix , Roku , and Facebook LIVE , the demand for reliable bandwidth is crucial as more and more people begin to utilize these services. FTTC (where fiber transitions to copper in a street cabinet) is generally too far from the users for standard Ethernet configurations over existing copper cabling. They generally use very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line (VDSL) at downstream rates of 80 Mbit/s , but this falls extremely quickly when

6450-445: The subscriber with access to the station wiring and serve as a convenient test point for verification of loop integrity and of the subscriber's inside wiring. Generically, an NID may also be called a network interface unit (NIU), telephone network interface (TNI), system network interface (SNI), or telephone network box . Australia's National Broadband Network uses the term network termination device or NTD. A smartjack

6536-517: The telephone line, rather than relying on premises electrical power, although this is not a universal rule. In fiber-to-the-premises systems, the signal is transmitted to the customer premises using optical fiber technologies. Unlike many conventional telephone technologies, this does not provide power for premises equipment, nor is it suitable for direct connection to customer equipment. An optical network terminal ( ONT , an ITU-T term), also known as an optical network unit ( ONU , an IEEE term),

6622-399: The three FTTH Councils of Europe, North America, and Asia-Pacific agreed upon definitions for FTTH and FTTB in 2006, with an update in 2009, 2011 and another in 2015. The FTTH Councils do not have formal definitions for FTTC and FTTN. While fiber optic cables can carry data at high speeds over long distances, copper cables used in traditional telephone lines and ADSL cannot. For example,

6708-629: Was a trade name for five companies owned by AT&T that provided Internet service under the AT&;T Yahoo! name: As of 2008, BellSouth Telecommunications (bellsouth.net) also provided AT&T FastAccess Internet service in the Southeastern United States . AT&T assigned the att.net domain and AT&T Yahoo! Internet service in the AT&T Southeast (BellSouth) Region. New e-mail addresses from these companies typically ended in "att.net", with older addresses retaining

6794-1094: Was also initiated in Atlanta that month marking the first launch in the Southeastern United States. On November 24, 2008, U-verse launched in Charlotte On December 22, 2008, the product debuted in Birmingham. On January 25, 2010, AT&T announced that U-verse was available to over 2.8 million households. AT&T U-verse Voice was added on January 22, 2008, and was first available in Detroit. In 2008, U-verse availability approached 8 million households and over 225,000 customers had been enrolled, with new installations reaching 12,000 per week. By 2009, 1 million Phone customers and 2.1 million U-verse TV customers had been enrolled. AT&T announced Internet 18 service (then called "Max 18") in November 2008, and Internet 24 (then called "Max Turbo")

6880-504: Was announced in December 2009. On May 2, 2011, all DSL customers of AT&T became subject to a monthly use cap of 150 GB. The company began sending users notice of the change in Terms of Service on March 18, 2011. The plan for charging when a user exceeds the limit was to begin doing so if the account exceeds the limit three times over the life of the account, and the charge would be $ 10 for every 50 GB of overuse for DSL users. At

6966-578: Was handled by a residential gateway provided by Advanced Digital Broadcast inside a subscriber's home to be shared with other consumer electronics (CE) devices. Since 2007, Italian access providers Fastweb , Vodafone , and Wind participated in an initiative called Fiber for Italy, with the aim of creating a countrywide fiber-to-the-home network in Italy. The pilot taking place in the Italian capital, Rome, has seen symmetrical bandwidth of 100 Mbit/s . Telecom Italia, which refused to take part in

7052-710: Was launched in Milwaukee. One month later, service was initiated in Dallas and Kansas City. In May 2007, U-verse launched in Detroit, Los Angeles, and surrounding areas. Launch continued in Cleveland, Akron, and San Diego in June 2007. The Oklahoma City and Sacramento launches occurred in August 2007. In November 2007, service was started in Austin. In December 2007, U-verse was launched in Orlando and St. Louis. A controlled launch

7138-702: Was limited to a top speed of 6 Mbit/s, while the Motorola 2210 was capable of higher speeds. In later installations, AT&T standardized on the Motorola NVG510, phasing out the other routers for new service installation. When AT&T introduced the Internet 45 tier in 2013, installations were initially done with the iNID. AT&T later standardized on the Motorola NVG589, which supports pair-bonding for both ADSL2+ and VDSL2. AT&T also uses

7224-400: Was still selling U-verse, said that “U-verse is available in select locations,” and "AT&T never stopped selling U-verse", even though an AT&T customer attempted to order U-verse, but ended up receiving 2 boxes of AT&T TV instead. In October 2020, the company stopped selling new DSL connections, saying that "We’re beginning to phase out outdated services like DSL ..." As of mid-2020,

7310-444: Was the AT&T brand of triple-play telecommunications services, including broadband Internet , IP telephone , and IPTV services in 22 states. SBC Communications announced its plans for a fiber-optic network and Internet Protocol television (IPTV) deployment in 2004 and unveiled the name "U-verse" (formerly "Project Lightspeed") for the suite of network services in 2005. SBC eventually became AT&T in late 2005, and

7396-427: Was uneconomic beyond these areas. Verizon also announced (at CES 2010) its entry into the smart home and power utility data management arenas, indicating it was considering using P1901-based FTTC or some other existing-wire approach to reach into homes, and access additional revenues from the secure AES-128 bandwidth required for advanced metering infrastructure . However, the largest 1 Gbit/s deployment in

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