The X band is the designation for a band of frequencies in the microwave radio region of the electromagnetic spectrum . In some cases, such as in communication engineering , the frequency range of the X band is rather indefinitely set at approximately 7.0–11.2 GHz . In radar engineering, the frequency range is specified by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) as 8.0–12.0 GHz. The X band is used for radar , satellite communication , and wireless computer networks .
35-579: SBX may refer to: Sea-based X-band Radar , a type of a floating, self-propelled, mobile radar station Snowboard cross , a snowboard competition sbX , a bus rapid transit service in San Bernardino County, California, U.S. South Bay Expressway , a toll road in San Diego County, California, U.S. SBX, the airport code for Shelby Airport near Shelby, Montana, U.S. .sbx ,
70-415: A "limited test support" role, "while also retaining the ability to recall it to an active, operational status if and when it is needed." In April 2012, it was reported that SBX-1 had left Pearl Harbor and was assumed to be being deployed to monitor North Korea's planned Unha-3 missile in the launch window of 12–16 April 2012. The vessel returned to Pearl Harbor on 21 May 2012. It redeployed to monitor
105-458: A file format that stores an optional spatial index of the features of a shapefile Student book exchange, a book swapping or textbook exchange service provided by various colleges and universities for their students SBX, Sandbox - for an IT environment Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title SBX . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
140-503: A flight test on 31 January 2010, designated FTG-06. The test was a simulation of a North Korean or Iranian missile launch. The test failure arose from two factors, the first being that algorithms in the SBX radar software (designed to filter out extraneous information from the target scene) were left disengaged for the test, and the second was a mechanical failure in a thruster on the kill vehicle. During flight test FTG-06a on 15 December 2010,
175-831: A more-or-less experimental basis, such as in the K band .) Notable deep space probe programs that have employed X band communications include the Viking Mars landers ; the Voyager missions to Jupiter , Saturn , and beyond; the Galileo Jupiter orbiter ; the New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Kuiper belt , the Curiosity rover and the Cassini-Huygens Saturn orbiter. An important use of
210-406: A second polarization, totaling 44,000 feed horns. The base is roughly 2/3 populated, with space for installation of additional modules. The current modules are concentrated toward the center to minimize grating lobes. This configuration allows it to support the very-long-range target discrimination and tracking that GMD's midcourse segment requires. The radar is never pointed at land, for the safety of
245-529: A single coaxial cable with a power adapter connecting to an ordinary cable modem. The local oscillator is usually 9750 MHz, the same as for K u band satellite TV LNB. Two way applications such as broadband typically use a 350 MHz TX offset. Small portions of the X band are assigned by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) exclusively for deep space telecommunications. The primary user of this allocation
280-479: Is a floating, self-propelled, mobile active electronically scanned array early-warning radar station designed to operate in high winds and heavy seas. It was developed as part of the United States Department of Defense Missile Defense Agency's (MDA) Ballistic Missile Defense System. The radar is mounted on a fifth generation CS-50 twin-hulled semi-submersible oil platform . Conversion of
315-625: Is derived from the radar used in the THAAD theater ballistic missile defense system , and is a part of the layered ballistic missile defense system (BMDS) program of the United States Missile Defense Agency (MDA). One important difference from Aegis is the use of X band in the SBX. Aegis uses S band , and Patriot uses the higher-frequency C band . The X band frequency is higher still, so its shorter wavelength enables finer resolution of tracked objects. The radar
350-566: Is not authorised to allocate frequency bands for military radio communication . This is also the case pertaining to X band military communications satellites . However, in order to meet military radio spectrum requirements, e.g. for fixed-satellite service and mobile-satellite service , the NATO nations negotiated the NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement (NJFA). 2. 7250-7300 MHz
385-450: Is not - the flexible cover is supported by positive air pressure amounting to a few inches of water. The amount of air pressure is variable depending on weather conditions. The radar antenna itself is described as being 384 m (4,130 sq ft). It has 45,000 solid-state transmit-receive modules mounted on an octagonal flat base which can move ±270 degrees in azimuth and 0 to 85 degrees elevation (although software currently limits
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#1732783901910420-475: Is often used in modern radars. The shorter wavelengths of the X ;band provide higher-resolution imagery from high-resolution imaging radars for target identification and discrimination. X-band weather radars offer significant potential for short-range observations, but the loss of signal strength ( attenuation ) under rainy conditions limits their use at longer range. X band 10.15 to 10.7 GHz segment
455-504: Is paired with 7975-8025 MHz for the MOBILE-SATELLlTE allocation. 3. The FIXED and MOBILE services are not to be implemented in the band 7250-7300 MHz in most NATO countries, including ITU Region 2. 4. In the band 7300-7750 MHz the transportable earth stations cannot claim protection from the other services. The Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union allow amateur radio operations in
490-765: Is the American NASA Deep Space Network (DSN). DSN facilities are in Goldstone, California (in the Mojave Desert ), near Canberra, Australia , and near Madrid, Spain , and provide continual communications from the Earth to almost any point in the Solar System independent of Earth rotation. (DSN stations are also capable of using the older and lower S band deep-space radio communications allocations, and some higher frequencies on
525-653: Is used as the setting for the 2022 action drama film Interceptor . The SBX-1 has become known to locals of Oahu as the " Golf Ball " or the "Pearl of Pearl Harbor" due to its color and shape. X band X band is used in radar applications, including continuous-wave , pulsed, single- polarization , dual-polarization, synthetic aperture radar , and phased arrays . X-band radar frequency sub-bands are used in civil , military , and government institutions for weather monitoring , air traffic control , maritime vessel traffic control , defense tracking , and vehicle speed detection for law enforcement. X band
560-420: Is used for terrestrial broadband in many countries, such as Brazil, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Denmark, Ukraine, Spain and Ireland. Alvarion , CBNL , CableFree and Ogier make systems for this, though each has a proprietary airlink. DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification) the standard used for providing cable internet to customers, uses some X band frequencies. The home / Business CPE has
595-740: The IMO number of 8765412. The first such vessel is scheduled to be based in Adak Island , Alaska , part of the Aleutian Islands . From that location it will be able to track missiles launched toward the US from both North Korea and China . Although her homeport is in Alaska, she will be tasked with moving throughout the Pacific Ocean to support her mission. The hull code number given to
630-559: The SBX has been on operational deployments in the Pacific, including the waters off Alaska. The ship has not moored at Alaska, in spite of the construction of a $ 26 million, eight-point mooring chain system installed in 2007 in Adak 's Kuluk Bay . On 23 June 2009, the SBX was moved to offshore Hawaii in response to a potential North Korean missile launch. Between 2009 and 2010, the vessel spent 396 continuous days at sea. The SBX failed during
665-649: The SBX performed as expected, but intercept of the target missile was again not achieved. In May 2011, the SBX-1 entered Vigor Shipyard (formerly the Todd Pacific Shipyard) in Seattle for a $ 27 million upgrade and maintenance work by contractor Boeing. The work was completed in about three months and in August 2011, SBX-1 departed Seattle for deployment. In December 2011, MDA transferred responsibility for
700-543: The SBX project manager for MDA, said that the "SBX is the only one of its kind and there are no current plans for another one". In July 2011, a Missile Defense Agency spokesman explained that other, smaller radars in the Pacific will "pick up the slack" while SBX is in port with its radar turned off. The SBX deployed in 2006. The ship has spent time for maintenance and repair at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii several times, including 170 days in 2006, 63 days in 2007, 63 days in 2008, 177 days in 2009, and 51 days in 2010. When not at Hawaii,
735-542: The SBX vessel management and physical security to the U.S. Navy's Military Sealift Command . MDA retains responsibility for communications, the X-band Radar, and for mission integration. In February 2012, the Missile Defense Agency requested only $ 9.7 million per year for Fiscal Years 2013 through 2017, down from $ 176.8 million in fiscal 2012. This reduced amount would be used to maintain SBX in
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#1732783901910770-716: The SBX vessel, "SBX-1", indicates the possibility of further units of the class. In circumstances when a vessel is required to be continually on duty over a long period of time, common naval practice is to have at least three units of the type available to allow for replenishment, repair and overhaul. Three further vessels of the CS-50/Moss Sirius design were under construction or contract at the Severodvinsk Shipyard in Russia as of early 2007, but were configured for oil production. On 11 May 2011, Col. Mark Arn,
805-466: The X band communications came with the two Viking program landers. When the planet Mars was passing near or behind the Sun, as seen from the Earth, a Viking lander would transmit two simultaneous continuous-wave carriers, one in the S band and one in the X band in the direction of the Earth, where they were picked up by DSN ground stations. By making simultaneous measurements at the two different frequencies,
840-769: The frequency range 10.000 to 10.500 GHz, and amateur satellite operations are allowed in the range 10.450 to 10.500 GHz. This is known as the 3-centimeter band by amateurs and the X-band by AMSAT . Motion detectors often use 10.525 GHz. 10.4 GHz is proposed for traffic light crossing detectors. Comreg in Ireland has allocated 10.450 GHz for Traffic Sensors as SRD. Many electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometers operate near 9.8 GHz. Particle accelerators may be powered by X-band RF sources. The frequencies are then standardized at 11.9942 GHz (Europe) or 11.424 GHz (US), which
875-414: The identified warheads. Testing has raised doubts about the system's ability to perform these tasks, to deal with multiple targets, and to report accurately to command authorities. The vessel has many small radomes for various communications tasks and a large central dome that encloses a phased-array , 1,800 tonne (4,000,000 pound) X band radar antenna. The small radomes are rigid, but the central dome
910-442: The inhabitants. In addition to the power consumed by the radar, the thrusters which propel the vessel are electric and require substantial power. The maximum speed is approximately 8 knots (9.2 mph; 15 km/h). To support this and all other electrical equipment, the vessel currently has six 3.6-megawatt generators (12-cylinder Caterpillar diesels). The generators are in two compartments, one port and one starboard. The radar
945-406: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SBX&oldid=1241545272 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Sea-based X-band Radar The Sea-Based X-band radar ( SBX-1 )
980-408: The maximum physical elevation to 80 degrees). The maximum azimuth and elevation velocities are approximately 5-8 degrees per second. In addition to the physical motion of the base, the beam can be electronically steered off bore-sight (details classified). There are currently 22,000 modules installed on the base. Each module has one transmit-receive feed horn and one auxiliary receive feed horn for
1015-407: The next North Korean launch attempt at the end of 2012. In April 2013, it was reported that SBX-1 was being deployed to monitor North Korea. It has never been deployed to Adak. In November 2015, it was moved to Pearl Harbor for repairs and testing. It departed Pearl Harbor November 2017 for North Pacific Ocean waters to monitor North Korea ballistic missile operations. In January 2017 the SBX-1
1050-480: The resulting data enabled theoretical physicists to verify the mathematical predictions of Albert Einstein 's General Theory of Relativity . These results are some of the best confirmations of the General Theory of Relativity. The new European double Mars Mission ExoMars will also use X band communication, on the instrument LaRa, to study the internal structure of Mars, and to make precise measurements of
1085-408: The rotation and orientation of Mars by monitoring two-way Doppler frequency shifts between the surface platform and Earth. It will also detect variations in angular momentum due to the redistribution of masses, such as the migration of ice from the polar caps to the atmosphere. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the international body which allocates radio frequencies for civilian use,
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1120-487: The system on a mobile sea-based platform was intended to allow the vessel to be moved to areas where it is needed for enhanced missile defense. Fixed radars provide coverage for a very limited area due to the curvature of the Earth . Even though the same limitation applies to the SBX, its ability to move mitigates this limitation. SBX's primary task is discrimination of enemy warheads from decoys, followed by precision tracking of
1155-860: The vessel was carried out at the AmFELS yard in Brownsville, Texas ; the radar mount was built and mounted on the vessel at the Kiewit yard in Ingleside, Texas . It is nominally based at Adak Island in Alaska , but has spent significant time at Pearl Harbor in test status. SBX-1 is part of the Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD) system under development by the Missile Defense Agency (MDA). The decision to place
1190-581: Was deployed into the Pacific during North Korean threats of ICBM and nuclear attacks on other nations. The radar was able to perform its mission of tracking a target operating at ICBM speeds during the interception of a mock ICBM by a GMD interceptor on 30 May 2017. In May 2019, the SBX-1 docked on the north side of Ford Island in Pearl Harbor, where it underwent maintenance. It departed Pearl Harbor on 26 September 2019. A fictionalized version of SBX-1, armed with "Interceptor" anti-ballistic missiles ,
1225-529: Was described by Lt. Gen Trey Obering (former director of MDA) as being able to track an object the size of a baseball over San Francisco in California from Chesapeake Bay in Virginia, approximately 2,900 miles (4,700 km) away. The radar will guide land-based missiles from Alaska and California , as well as in-theater assets, depending on the mission. The vessel is classed by ABS and has
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