Active radar homing ( ARH ) is a missile guidance method in which a missile contains a radar transceiver (in contrast to semi-active radar homing , which uses only a receiver ) and the electronics necessary for it to find and track its target autonomously.
20-628: The SPYDER ("Surface-to-air Python and Derby") is an Israeli short and medium range mobile air defence system developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems with assistance from Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). Rafael is the prime contractor and IAI is the major subcontractor for the SPYDER program. This system achieved a notable milestone in 2005 when missiles were fired against test targets in Shdema , Israel and scored direct hits. Since then, it has been showcased in multiple military exhibitions throughout
40-740: A TELAR . It implements the Python-5 and Derby missiles of the same company. The SPYDER launcher is designed to fire Python-5 and Derby surface-to-air missiles which share full commonality with the air-to-air missiles. There are two variants of the SPYDER: the SPYDER-SR (short range) and the SPYDER-MR (medium range). Both systems are quick reaction, all weather, network-centric, multi-launchers, and self-propelled. A typical battery consists one central command and control unit, six missile firing units, and
60-420: A limited company, Rafael earned a $ 37 million profit on $ 830 million in sales. By 2016, Rafael reported annual net profits of 473 million ILS (roughly 130 million dollars), up 3%, compared with ILS 459 million in 2015. New orders in 2016 totaled ILS 10.7 billion, and sales amounted to ILS 8.32 billion, 6% more than in 2015. The company's orders backlog as of the end of 2016 was ILS 21.72 billion, 12% more than at
80-674: A resupply vehicle. The SPYDER-SR uses the EL/M-2106 ATAR radar while the SPYDER-MR incorporates the EL/M-2084 MMR radar. The latter is the same radar used by the Iron Dome system currently in service with the Israel Defense Forces. Current operators of the SPYDER missiles system include India and Singapore. Peru's order for the SPYDER was pending as of 2012. There are reports that claim that Georgia operated
100-485: Is Fox Three . There are two major advantages to active radar homing: Many missiles employing passive homing have an additional capability: if the target does attempt to use noise jamming , the missile can home in on the target's radiation passively ( home-on-jam ). This gives such missiles improved performance against noise jamming targets and allows anti-aircraft munitions to attack targets they would not otherwise be able to fire on effectively. . Active radar homing
120-637: Is 9 km and the maximum range of interception is 15 km. The SPYDER-MR has a greater operation range of 35 km and an altitude engagement of 16 km due to the missiles being equipped with boosters. The Python-5 is currently the most capable air-to-air missile (AAM) in Israel's inventory and one of the most advanced AAMs in the world. It is capable of "lock-on after launch" (LOAL), and has all-aspect/all-direction (including rearward) attack ability. The missile features an advanced electro-optical infrared homing (with imaging infrared ) seeker which scans
140-552: Is an Israeli defense technology company . It was founded as Israel's National R&D Defense Laboratory for the development of weapons and military technology within the Israeli Ministry of Defense ; in 2002 it was incorporated as a limited company . Rafael was established in 1948 as the Science Corps ( Hebrew : חיל המדע , known by the acronym HEMED, Hebrew : חמד ) under the leadership of Shlomo Gur . It
160-460: Is rarely employed as the only guidance method of a missile. It is most often used during the terminal phase of the engagement, mainly because since the radar transceiver has to be small enough to fit inside a missile and has to be powered from batteries, therefore having a relatively low ERP , its range is limited. To overcome this, most such missiles use a combination of command guidance with an inertial navigation system (INS) in order to fly from
180-522: The CCU. The E/LM-2106 ATAR is a fourth generation defence radar designed by Elta and operates in the L-band wavelength. It is a field proven design that has operated in undesirable environments according to the designers and manufacturers. The range of detection for a fighter aircraft is 70–110 km. It can detect hovering helicopters at a range of 40 km and UAVs at 40–60 km. The radar sensor unit of
200-551: The SPYDER-MR comprises the EL/M-2084 Multi Mission Radar (MMR) 3D AESA radar. The EL/M-2084 operates in the S-band . It can process up to 1200 targets when in air surveillance mode and also detects targets located 250 km away. When the radar is static, it covers 120° in the azimuth. As a short range air defence system, the SPYDER-SR has a short range of interception. The maximum altitude of interception
220-460: The SPYDER-SR during the 2008 Russo-Georgian War but these allegations and assumptions have never been verified. In 2005, a milestone for the SPYDER air defence system was achieved. The SPYDER successfully fired the Python 5 and Derby in a test range located in Shdema , Israel. The results were two direct kills against a couple of targets. At the trial, the radar and command and control unit engaged
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#1732801608720240-737: The end of 2015. On October 14, 2007, the company changed its name from Rafael Armament Development Authority Ltd. to Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. In 1993, Rafael Development Corporation (RDC), a technology transfer company, was established as a joint venture with Elron Electronic Industries ; in order to commercialize applications based on defense technologies for medical devices, telecommunications, and semiconductor industries. The company established and developed several companies including: 32°52′06″N 35°05′35″E / 32.8684°N 35.0931°E / 32.8684; 35.0931 Active radar homing The NATO brevity code for an air-to-air active radar homing missile launch
260-456: The launch point until the target is close enough to be detected and tracked by the missile. The missile therefore requires guidance updates via a datalink from the launching platform up until this point, in case the target is maneuvering, otherwise the missile may get to the projected interception point and find that the target is not there. Sometimes the launching platform (especially if it is an aircraft) may be in danger while continuing to guide
280-649: The range of defense to up to a 40 km radius. SPYDER-MR and SPYDER-LR offer medium & long range target interception through vertical launch while pushing the defense envelope up to an 80 km radius. Both systems enable a 360° launch within seconds of the target being declared hostile ‒ and provide all-weather, multi-launch, and net-centric capabilities. The SPYDER systems have advanced ECCM capabilities and use electro-optical observation payloads as well as wireless data link communication. Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. ( Hebrew : רפאל - מערכות לחימה מתקדמות בע"מ )
300-716: The target area for hostile aircraft, then locks-on for terminal chase. The Derby is an active radar homing AAM that provides the SPYDER missile system with a fire-and-forget option due to its active radar guidance. In January 2023, Rafael announced that they had upgraded the Spyder to be able to counter tactical ballistic missiles by performing hardware and software upgrades to the Derby LR missile interceptor. SPYDER-SR and SPYDER-ER 360° slant launching missile systems provide quick reaction, lock-on-before-launch (LOBL) and lock-on-after launch (LOAL) capabilities, while extending
320-488: The targets at long and short ranges. The trial was part of a greater series of missile firings. The Elta EL/M-2106 Advanced Tactical Acquisition Radar (ATAR) 3D Active electronically scanned array (AESA) surveillance radar is the Command and Control Unit (CCU) for the SPYDER-SR. This radar can track and engage multiple targets simultaneously and can control the missile firing units at a distance of up to 10 km away from
340-453: The world. The SPYDER is a low-level, quick-reaction surface-to-air missile system capable of engaging aircraft, helicopters, unmanned air vehicles, drones, cruise missiles and precision-guided munitions. It provides air defence for fixed assets and for point and area defence for mobile forces in combat areas. The system is fitted atop a Tatra truck, a Mercedes-Benz Actros truck, a MAN TGS truck, Scania P-series truck, Dongfeng truck, or
360-602: Was decided to restructure the organization and start operating Rafael as a company. Initially the new company had three discrete divisions, each operating as a profit center, with a separate balance sheet presented to the newly formed management board. The restructuring was completed in 2002 when Rafael was formally incorporated as a limited company (although still as a government-owned corporation ), while maintaining its technological capabilities through an investment of about 10% of turnover in R&;D programs. In its first year as
380-522: Was renamed the Research and Design Directorate ( אגף הפיתוח והתיכנון ) in 1952. In 1952 David Ben-Gurion decided to split the activities of HEMED into two agencies. The pure scientific research was left with HEMED, while the development of weapons was placed into the new EMET agency. In 1954 Ben-Gurion decided to change the name of EMET to RAFAEL ( Hebrew : רשות לפיתוח אמצעי לחימה , lit. 'Armament Development Authority'). It
400-410: Was reorganized as Rafael in 1958. In 1995, Yitzhak Rabin asked Amos Horev to become chairman of the board of Rafael, following many years in which Horev had served as chairman of Rafael's advisory committee. Horev served as chairman until January 2001. During the early 1990s Rafael was operating at a loss (peaking in 1995, with a loss of $ 120 million on a turnover of $ 460 million). Therefore, it
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