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25-598: Microsoft SQL Server Express LocalDB is a version of Microsoft SQL Server Express, on-demand managed instance of the SQL Server engine. It is targeted to developers, and has the following restrictions: up to 10 GB database size and only local connections (network connections are not supported). SQL Server Express provides many of the features of the paid, full versions of Microsoft SQL Server database management system. However it has technical restrictions that make it unsuitable for some large-scale deployments. Differences in

50-425: A 400 GB drive's capacity is displayed by Microsoft Windows as 372 GB instead of 372 GiB. Analogously, a memory module that is labeled as having the size " 1 GB " has one gibibyte ( 1 GiB ) of storage capacity. In response to litigation over whether the makers of electronic storage devices must conform to Microsoft Windows' use of a binary definition of "GB" instead of the metric/decimal definition,

75-501: A focus on its ability to operate as a client–server application instead of requiring direct access to the file system which the Jet database resided on. Microsoft Access, the company's most popular database tool at the time, was expanded for its Office 2000 release to incorporate using Microsoft Desktop Engine as its back-end data store. This design was promoted by Microsoft as a solution for small workgroups that may eventually grow to require

100-475: A gigabyte is just over 93% of a gibibyte value. This means that a 300 GB (279 GiB) hard disk might be indicated variously as "300 GB", "279 GB" or "279 GiB", depending on the operating system. As storage sizes increase and larger units are used, these differences become more pronounced. A lawsuit decided in 2019 that arose from alleged breach of contract and other claims over the binary and decimal definitions used for "gigabyte" have ended in favour of

125-583: A power of 2, but lacked a convenient name. As 1024 (2 ) is approximately 1000 (10 ), roughly corresponding to SI multiples, it was used for binary multiples as well. In 1998 the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) published standards for binary prefixes , requiring that the gigabyte strictly denote 1000 bytes and gibibyte denote 1024 bytes. By the end of 2007, the IEC Standard had been adopted by

150-567: Is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft . It is a scaled-down version of Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 or 2000 which is free for non-commercial use as well as certain limited commercial use. It was introduced at Microsoft TechEd in May 1999, and was included as part of Microsoft Office 2000 Developer Edition. Its successor, SQL Server Express was released in November 2005. Vendor support of MSDE ended on April 8, 2008. MSDE

175-563: Is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix giga means 10 in the International System of Units (SI). Therefore, one gigabyte is one billion bytes. The unit symbol for the gigabyte is GB . This definition is used in all contexts of science (especially data science ), engineering , business , and many areas of computing , including storage capacities of hard drives , solid-state drives , and tapes , as well as data transmission speeds. The term

200-842: Is also found in various products, such as Microsoft Office XP (Professional, Developer), Visual Studio .NET 2002-2003. Compared with the full server editions of SQL Server 7.0 and 2000, MSDE has some restrictions: a limit of 2 GB databases, and has a workload governor which reduces its speed when eight or more concurrent workloads are running. Microsoft has also stated that MSDE is not supported in Windows NT 6.0 operating systems such as Windows Vista . No graphical user interface management tools were released for MSDE, but SQL Server 2000's Enterprise Manager (as well as later versions such as SQL Server Management Studio ) can be used to connect to it. Gigabyte The gigabyte ( / ˈ ɡ ɪ ɡ ə b aɪ t , ˈ dʒ ɪ ɡ ə b aɪ t / )

225-426: Is also used in some fields of computer science and information technology to denote 1 073 741 824 (1024 or 2 ) bytes, however, particularly for sizes of RAM . Thus, some usage of gigabyte has been ambiguous. To resolve this difficulty, IEC 80000-13 clarifies that a gigabyte (GB) is 10 bytes and specifies the term gibibyte (GiB) to denote 2 bytes. These differences are still readily seen, for example, when

250-787: Is always a multiple of a power of 1024. It is thus convenient to use prefixes denoting powers of 1024, known as binary prefixes , in describing them. For example, a memory capacity of 1 073 741 824 bytes (1024 B) is conveniently expressed as 1  GiB rather than as 1.074 GB. The former specification is, however, often quoted as "1 GB" when applied to random-access memory. Software allocates memory in varying degrees of granularity as needed to fulfill data structure requirements and binary multiples are usually not required. Other computer capacities and rates, like storage hardware size, data transfer rates, clock speeds , operations per second , etc., do not depend on an inherent base , and are usually presented in decimal units. For example,

275-404: Is based on SQL Server 2000. System requirement was changed to Windows 98. MSDE could be distributed with commercial products by registering with Microsoft — in most cases this distribution is also free of charge. SQL Server's server licence includes right to distribute MSDE. MSDE 2000 includes following resource kits: MSDE 2000 Deployment Resource Kit, MSDE 2000 Web Resource Kit. MSDE 2000

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300-566: Is compatible with other editions of SQL Server at the API level. LocalDB runs as non-admin user, requires no configuration or administration. LocalDB limits to local system only and supports no remote connections. To connect this version it is needs special connection string. It is possible create several instances of the LocalDB for different applications. Default instance names 'SqlLocalDB'. Microsoft makes SQL Server Express N1 available as: In

325-430: Is displayed on the packaging. Some operating systems such as Mac OS X and Ubuntu , and Debian express hard drive capacity or file size using decimal multipliers, while others such as Microsoft Windows report size using binary multipliers. This discrepancy causes confusion, as a disk with an advertised capacity of, for example, 400 GB (meaning 400 000 000 000 bytes , equal to 372 GiB) might be reported by

350-498: Is used in networking contexts and most storage media , particularly hard drives , flash -based storage, and DVDs , and is also consistent with the other uses of the SI prefix in computing, such as CPU clock speeds or measures of performance . The file manager of Mac OS X version 10.6 and later versions are a notable example of this usage in software, which report files sizes in decimal units. The binary definition uses powers of

375-488: The IEEE , EU , and NIST , and in 2009 it was incorporated in the International System of Quantities . Nevertheless, the term gigabyte continues to be widely used with the following two different meanings: Based on powers of 10, this definition uses the prefix giga- as defined in the International System of Units (SI). This is the recommended definition by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). This definition

400-635: The United States District Court for the Northern District of California rejected that argument, ruling that "the U.S. Congress has deemed the decimal definition of gigabyte to be the 'preferred' one for the purposes of 'U.S. trade and commerce. ' " The term gigabyte has a standard definition of 1000 bytes, as well as a discouraged meaning of 1024 bytes. The latter binary usage originated as compromise technical jargon for byte multiples that needed to be expressed in

425-701: The Express product include: Unlike the predecessor product, MSDE , the Express product does not include a concurrent workload-governor to "limit performance if the database engine receives more work than is typical of a small number of users." SQL Server Express includes several GUI tools for database management. These include: The predecessor product MSDE generally lacked basic GUI management tools, Features available in SQL Server "Standard" and better editions but absent from SQL Server Express include: SQL Server Express LocalDB announced at 2011. This version supports silent installation, requires no management and it

450-581: The Free 2005 Express version, for example, a standard approach to installation options was provided, as follows. Generally, the SQL 2005 Express installers are packaged with the following consistent naming convention: These optional variants have gone through several service packs (SP), and each SP installer can be used without using the older ones first: MSDE Microsoft SQL Server Data Engine ( MSDE , also Microsoft Data Engine or Microsoft Desktop Engine )

475-471: The advent of gigabyte-range drive capacities, manufacturers labelled many consumer hard drive , solid-state drive and USB flash drive capacities in certain size classes expressed in decimal gigabytes, such as "500 GB". The exact capacity of a given drive model is usually slightly larger than the class designation. Practically all manufacturers of hard disk drives and flash-memory disk devices continue to define one gigabyte as 1 000 000 000 bytes , which

500-460: The base 2, as does the architectural principle of binary computers . This usage is widely promulgated by some operating systems , such as Microsoft Windows in reference to computer memory (e.g., RAM ). This definition is synonymous with the unambiguous unit gibibyte . Since the first disk drive, the IBM 350 , disk drive manufacturers expressed hard drive capacities using decimal prefixes. With

525-1093: The full SQL Server product. This initial release of MSDE also included the Data Transformation Services Wizard, which provided the ability to use OLE DB and ODBC data sources to transfer data between SQL Server 7.0 and MSDE. Supported operating systems at the time of its release included Windows 95 , Windows 98 , and Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 4, and was available for both x86 and Alpha architectures. Microsoft Data Engine can be found in Microsoft Access 2000 and other Microsoft products. MSDE toolkit for Visual Studio 6.0 can be found in October 2000 MSDN DVD Office Test Platform and Development Tools, English Pack as MSDE for Visual Studio., or in October 2000 MSDN CD Office Test Platform and Development Tools (English Pack, European Pack I, Japanese Pack, Latin American pack). It

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550-500: The manufacturers, with courts holding that the legal definition of gigabyte or GB is 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 (10 ) bytes (the decimal definition). Specifically, the courts held that "the U.S. Congress has deemed the decimal definition of gigabyte to be the 'preferred' one for the purposes of 'U.S. trade and commerce' .... The California Legislature has likewise adopted the decimal system for all 'transactions in this state'." Earlier lawsuits had ended in settlement with no court ruling on

575-463: The operating system as " 372 GB ". For RAM , the JEDEC memory standards use IEEE 100 nomenclature which quote the gigabyte as 1 073 741 824 bytes (2 bytes). The difference between units based on decimal and binary prefixes increases as a semi-logarithmic (linear-log) function—for example, the decimal kilobyte value is nearly 98% of the kibibyte, a megabyte is under 96% of a mebibyte, and

600-405: The question, such as a lawsuit against drive manufacturer Western Digital . Western Digital settled the challenge and added explicit disclaimers to products that the usable capacity may differ from the advertised capacity. Seagate was sued on similar grounds and also settled. Because of their physical design, the capacity of modern computer random-access memory devices, such as DIMM modules,

625-514: Was initially designed by (then) Microsoft Program Manager Jeff Alger and later implemented by Peter Byrne (core), Ronald Martinsen (core/setup), and Mike Maringas (setup). Alger and Martinsen are the co-inventors who hold the patent. The initial release of MSDE is called the "Microsoft Desktop Engine", which is based on SQL Server 7.0 and was positioned as an alternative to using the Jet Database Engine used by Microsoft Access with

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