SS Flickertail State (T-ACS-5) is a crane ship in ready reserve for the United States Navy . She is stationed at Newport News, Virginia and is in ready reserve under the Military Sealift Command (MSC). The ship was named for the state of North Dakota , which is also known as the Flickertail State .
113-459: Flickertail State was laid down on 14 February 1967, as the container ship CV Lightning , ON 518063, IMO 6817845, a Maritime Administration type (C5-S-73b) hull under MARAD contract (MA 206). Built by Bath Iron Works , Bath, Maine, hull no. 355, she was launched on 11 May 1968, and delivered to MARAD 21 February 1969, entering service for American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines . She was sold to Farrell Lines in 1978 without name change. The ship
226-644: A "dramatic decline" of approximately 75%, which lasted until rates stabilized in April 2009. Rates have ranged from $ 2.70 to $ 35.40 in this period, with prices generally lower on larger ships. The most resilient sized vessel in this time period were those from 200 to 300 TEU, a fact that the United Nations Council on Trade and Development attributes to lack of competition in this sector. Overall, in 2010, these rates rebounded somewhat, but remained at approximately half of their 2008 values. As of 2011,
339-542: A Luke Lowe, a cooper also in the Duke's employ. In 1785 a further three Sunday schools were established in the area, and by 1788 over 300 children were attending the four schools. Francis Egerton built a day school in 1838, which later became known as St Mark's School. This was demolished during construction of the M62 motorway , and replaced with a new school on Aviary Road, opened 19 October 1968. The area of Worsley contains
452-405: A gearless ship. Geared ships also incur greater recurring expenses, such as maintenance and fuel costs. The United Nations Council on Trade and Development characterizes geared ships as a "niche market only appropriate for those ports where low cargo volumes do not justify investment in port cranes or where the public sector does not have the financial resources for such investment". Instead of
565-484: A hub of commercial activity. The Duke employed craftsmen to service a wide range of industries including boat-making, plastering , blacksmithing and mining. A local quarry supplied limestone , for which a kiln was constructed at the junction of Barton Road (B5211) and Stableford Road. A quarry at the Delph supplied building materials for the region, including the stone used to construct Brindley's aqueduct. To accommodate
678-537: A key to the success of the container ship. The first crane that was specifically designed for container work was built in California's Port of Alameda in 1959. By the 1980s, shoreside gantry cranes were capable of moving containers on a 3-minute-cycle, or up to 400 tons per hour. In March 2010, at Port Klang in Malaysia, a new world record was set when 734 container moves were made in a single hour. The record
791-540: A level one qualification, 183 children aged between 16–17 and 242 people aged 18–74 were in full-time education. Worsley ward has the lowest levels of unemployment in Salford, in April 2006 0.9% of the economically active population were unemployment benefit claimants, comparing well to Salford as a whole where the figure is 3.7%. The area is considered to be one of the more affluent parts of Salford. At 12.6 reported crimes per thousand population,
904-612: A moulded breadth over 32.31 m, however the Panama Canal expansion project has caused some changes in terminology. The Neopanamax category is based on the maximum vessel size that is able to transit a new third set of locks, which opened in June 2016. The third set of locks were built to accommodate a container ship with a length overall of 366 metres (1,201 ft), a maximum beam (width) of 49 metres (161 ft), and tropical fresh-water draft of 15.2 metres (50 ft). Such
1017-510: A new " Triple E " family of container ships with a capacity of 18,000 TEU, with an emphasis on lower fuel consumption. In the present market situation, main engines will not be as much of a limiting factor for vessel growth either. The steadily rising expense of fuel oil in the early 2010s had prompted most container lines to adapt a slower, more economical voyage speed of about 21 knots, compared to earlier top speeds of 25 or more knots. Subsequently, newly built container ships can be fitted with
1130-763: A number of primary schools, including (but not limited to) Christ the King RC Primary School, Hilton Lane Primary School and Mesne Lea Primary School. Secondary schools include Bridgewater School and The Lowry Academy . Salford College has a campus in nearby Walkden (once within Worsley Urban District). The college's Worsley Campus, the Learning Resource and specialist Media Centre, caters for 16- to 18-year-olds, and provides access to 50 internet workstations, 15,000 books, and resources for e-learning. It also has
1243-611: A second watertight shell that runs most of the length of a ship. The double-bottoms generally hold liquids such as fuel oil, ballast water or fresh water. A ship's engine room houses its main engines and auxiliary machinery such as the fresh water and sewage systems, electrical generators, fire pumps, and air conditioners. In most new ships, the engine room is located in the aft portion. Container ships are distinguished into 7 major size categories: small feeder, feeder, feedermax, Panamax , Post-Panamax , Neopanamax and ultra-large. As of December 2012, there were 161 container ships in
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#17327981084901356-545: A smaller main engine. Engine types fitted to today's ships of 14,000 TEU are thus sufficiently large to propel future vessels of 20,000 TEU or more. Maersk Line, the world's largest container shipping line, nevertheless opted for twin engines (two smaller engines working two separate propellers), when ordering a series of ten 18,000 TEU vessels from Daewoo Shipbuilding in February 2011. The ships were delivered between 2013 and 2014. In 2016, some experts believed that
1469-533: A standardized way. Containerization has increased the efficiency of moving traditional break-bulk cargoes significantly, reducing shipping time by 84% and costs by 35%. In 2001, more than 90% of world trade in non-bulk goods was transported in ISO containers. In 2009, almost one quarter of the world's dry cargo was shipped by container, an estimated 125 million TEU or 1.19 billion tonnes worth of cargo. The first ships designed to carry standardized load units were used in
1582-503: A suite of hair and beauty salons, a performing arts theatre and a sports hall and fitness suite. Ellenbrook Chapel , the first church in Worsley was built in 1209 by the Worsley family. Methodism was first practised in the area in 1784, by the notable preacher Matthew Mayer. Later services were held in various locations around the area, and in 1801 a Methodist chapel was built along Barton Road. The foundation stone for St Mark's Church
1695-473: A time, – more than ten times the amount of cargo per horse that was possible with a cart. The Duke and his estate manager obtained an Act of Parliament empowering them to begin construction on a planned route directly to Salford, avoiding the River Irwell . James Brindley was brought in for his technical expertise and suggested varying the route of the proposed canal away from Salford and across
1808-522: A vessel, called Neopanamax class, is wide enough to carry 19 columns of containers, can have a total capacity of approximately 12,000 TEU and is comparable in size to a capesize bulk carrier or a Suezmax tanker. Container ships under 3,000 TEU are generally called feeder ships or feeders. They are small ships that typically operate between smaller container ports. Some feeders collect their cargo from small ports, drop it off at large ports for transshipment on larger ships, and distribute containers from
1921-425: Is a cargo ship that carries all of its load in truck-size intermodal containers , in a technique called containerization . Container ships are a common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo. Container ship capacity is measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Typical loads are a mix of 20-foot (1-TEU) and 40-foot (2-TEU) ISO-standard containers , with
2034-406: Is a scheduled monument and a significant part of the town's historic centre is now a conservation area . Worsley is first mentioned in a Pipe roll of 1195–96 as Werkesleia , in the claim of a Hugh Putrell to a part of the fee of two knights in nearby Barton-upon-Irwell and Worsley. The spelling Worsley itself first appears in 1444. Scholars agree that the last element of the name comes from
2147-515: Is a chartering price, specifically the price to time-charter a 1 TEU slot for 14 tonnes of cargo on a container ship. The other is the freight rate ; or comprehensive daily cost to deliver one-TEU worth of cargo on a given route. As a result of the late-2000s recession , both indicators showed sharp drops during 2008–2009, and have shown signs of stabilization since 2010. UNCTAD uses the Hamburg Shipbrokers' Association (formally
2260-493: Is built around a strong keel . Into this frame is set one or more below-deck cargo holds , numerous tanks, and the engine room . The holds are topped by hatch covers, onto which more containers can be stacked. Many container ships have cargo cranes installed on them, and some have specialized systems for securing containers on board. The hull of a modern cargo ship is a complex arrangement of steel plates and strengthening beams. Resembling ribs, and fastened at right angles to
2373-440: Is constructed of forged steel and ductile iron and has a shear strength of 48 tonnes. The buttress system, used on some large container ships, uses a system of large towers attached to the ship at both ends of each cargo hold. As the ship is loaded, a rigid, removable stacking frame is added, structurally securing each tier of containers together. Container ships have typically had a single bridge and accommodation unit towards
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#17327981084902486-684: Is in the main a tourist destination and commuter town . The area has two large hotels; a Novotel and a Marriott . Worsley Old Hall is now a public house and restaurant in the Brunning and Price chain, part of the Restaurant Group . Worsley Village was in 1969 designated as a conservation area by the former Lancashire County Council. Bisected by the A572 Worsley Road, the area covered about 34.25 acres (138,600 m ) of land and included 40 listed buildings, such as
2599-416: Is increased by securing containers to each other, either by simple metal forms (such as stacking cones) or more complicated devices such as twist-lock stackers. A typical twist-lock is inserted into the casting hole of one container and rotated to hold it in place, then another container is lowered on top of it. The two containers are locked together by twisting the device's handle. A typical twist-lock
2712-576: Is one of four ordered from the builder in 2020, and exceeded MSC's 24,116 TEU MSC Tessa , which had been delivered that same day by the China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC). In April, MSC Irina sister ship MSC Loreto , with an equal capacity of 24,346 TEU was received by MSC. On June 2, 2023 Ocean Network Express took delivery of the ONE Innovation with a capacity of 24,136 TEUs. ONE Innovation
2825-470: Is one of six new Megamax vessels ordered by Ocean Network Express in December 2020 to be built by a consortium of Imabari Shipbuilding and Japan Marine United . The act of hiring a ship to carry cargo is called chartering. Outside special bulk cargo markets, ships are hired by three types of charter agreements: the voyage charter , the time charter, and the bareboat charter . In a voyage charter,
2938-498: Is still considerable room for vessel growth. Compared to today's largest container ships, Maersk Line's 15,200 TEU Emma Mærsk -type series, a 20,000 TEU container ship would only be moderately larger in terms of exterior dimensions. According to a 2011 estimate, an ultra-large container ship of 20,250 TEU would measure 440 m × 59 m (1,444 ft × 194 ft), compared to 397.71 m × 56.40 m (1,304.8 ft × 185.0 ft) for
3051-629: Is the use of cell guides . Cell guides are strong vertical structures constructed of metal installed into a ship's cargo holds. These structures guide containers into well-defined rows during loading and provide some support for containers against the ship's rolling at sea. So fundamental to container ship design are cell guides that organizations such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development use their presence to distinguish dedicated container ships from general break-bulk cargo ships. A system of three dimensions
3164-444: Is transported by container by about 50,000 container ships. Modern container ships can carry over 24,000 TEU. The largest container ships measure about 400 metres (1,300 ft) in length, and carry loads equal to the cargo-carrying capacity of sixteen to seventeen pre-World War II freighter ships. There are several key points in the design of modern container ships. The hull, similar to that of bulk carriers and general cargo ships,
3277-420: Is used in cargo plans to describe the position of a container aboard the ship. The first coordinate is the bay , which starts at the front of the ship and increases aft. The second coordinate is the row . Rows on the starboard side are given odd numbers and those on the port side are given even numbers. The rows nearest the centerline are given low numbers, and the numbers increase for slots further from
3390-680: The Clifford J. Rogers , built in 1955, and introduced containers to its railway in 1956. MV Kooringa was the world's first fully cellular , purpose-built container ship. and was built by Australian company Associated Steamships, a partnership formed by the 1964 merger of the Adelaide Steamship Company with McIlwraith, McEacharn & Co , then commissioned in May 1964. Container ships were designed to accommodate intermodal transport of goods, and eliminated requirements for
3503-807: The East Lancashire Road . Built in the Art Deco style, in 1938 the factory employed 3,000 people. Under the Housing Act 1919 , large overspill estates were built by the council for veterans of the First World War , but a larger change to the area came after the end of the Second World War , when the City of Salford was forced to rehouse many of its inhabitants. With little land left, 4,518 new houses were built in
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3616-564: The Emma Mærsk class. It would have an estimated deadweight of circa 220,000 tons. While such a vessel might be near the upper limit for a Suez Canal passage, the so-called Malaccamax concept (for Straits of Malacca ) does not apply for container ships, since the Malacca and Singapore Straits' draft limit of about 21 metres (69 ft) is still above that of any conceivable container ship design. In 2011, Maersk announced plans to build
3729-624: The Farnworth horse-bus service, with a terminus at the nearby Stocks Hotel in 1885. An electric tram service was founded in 1903 by the South Lancashire Tramways Company. One of the first Sunday schools to be established in England may have been at Worsley. Built in the 1780s in a cottage close to the present-day courthouse, and founded by Thomas Bury (a colliery manager for the 3rd Duke) children were taught by
3842-810: The Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service . Notable people from Worsley include the actress Helen Cherry , and television commentator Kenneth Wolstenholme . Statistician Harry Campion , who played a leading role in the development of official statistics after the Second World War, was born in Kearsley in May 1905 and brought up in Worsley. Arthur Thomas Doodson was a mathematician and oceanographer born in Boothstown in March 1890. Footballer Ryan Giggs caused controversy in
3955-620: The House of Commons by Barbara Keeley , Labour Party member for the Worsley constituency . After the election, Keeley became the MP for Worsley and Eccles South. At 53°30′0″N 2°23′0″W / 53.50000°N 2.38333°W / 53.50000; -2.38333 (53.5000°, −2.3833°), Worsley stands about 206 feet (63 m) above sea level. Sheltered at the foot of a middle coal measure running approximately northwest and southeast across
4068-587: The Kingdom of Wessex . During the Middle Ages the area was covered with forests and marshlands . Thinly populated by craftsmen and serfs , Worsley grew as a settlement adjoining an ancient corn mill , close to the location of the present-day Worsley Road Bridge. Most farms throughout Lancashire were small with their tenants dependent upon secondary employment, however in 1719 a John Kay of Worsley had five stirks , two bulls, 17 cows, "young cattle upon
4181-576: The Lancashire Fusiliers . In 1943 the hall was badly damaged by fire and demolished in 1949. Coal has been mined around Worsley from as long ago as 1376, originally in bell pits . The coal seams in the area tend to be fairly thin, slanting downwards from north to south, and so deeper mining became necessary during the 17th century. With the onset of the Industrial Revolution and the growing use of steam power , there
4294-505: The Old English word lēah ("cleared land among woodland"). As to the first part, however, there are many variations on the name, which the place-name scholar Victor Watts divided into three varieties: Type 1 looks like it comes from an Old English personal name Weorc , in which case the place-name meant "Weorc's clearing". Types 2 and 3 could come from an otherwise unattested feminines personal name Weorcgyth , in which case
4407-600: The Royal Horticultural Society announced plans for a restoration of the garden at Worsley New Hall , which opened in 2021 as RHS Garden Bridgewater . Following an Act of Parliament of 1861, in 1864 the Eccles, Tyldesley and Wigan branch line was opened by the London and North Western Railway , along with a station at Worsley which required the demolition of six cottages. The first sod had been cut by
4520-679: The Suez Canal and the Singapore Strait . In 2008 the South Korean shipbuilder STX announced plans to construct a container ship capable of carrying 22,000 TEU , and with a proposed length of 450 m (1,480 ft) and a beam of 60 m (200 ft). If constructed, the container ship would become the largest seagoing vessel in the world. Since even very large container ships are vessels with relatively low draft compared to large tankers and bulk carriers, there
4633-813: The United Kingdom Census 2001 , the ward of Worsley had a population of 9,833, of which 4,801 were male and 5,032 female. It is the fifth least populous ward in Salford, and the third least densely populated. The ward has a higher proportion of married couples with and without children than Salford as a whole. Of those over 16 years old, 1,929 were single (never married) and 4,267 married. Worsley's 4,102 households included 632 married couples without children, 818 with dependent children and 356 with non-dependent children. There were 249 lone-parent households with children. 642 households were occupied by pensioners living alone. Of those aged 16–74, 1,428 had no academic qualifications , 1,078 had attained
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4746-610: The Vereinigung Hamburger Schiffsmakler und Schiffsagenten e. V. or VHSS for short) as its main industry source for container ship freight prices. The VHSS maintains a few indices of container ship charter prices. The oldest, which dates back to 1998, is called the Hamburg Index . This index considers time-charters on fully cellular container ships controlled by Hamburg brokers. It is limited to charters of 3 months or more, and presented as
4859-468: The urban district by the Worsley Project. 18,000 people were rehoused under the scheme, which included new facilities, shops and schools. Another housing estate was built during the 1970s to the north of Worsley Green. In 1944, during the Second World War , a flying bomb landed on a house near Worsley Dam. An Anti Aircraft Operations Room (AAOR) was built in the 1950s. Although unused
4972-471: The 19th and 20th centuries. Worsley Old Hall is a Grade II listed building near Walkden Road. The Post Medieval building is said to have been moated, but no signs of the moat now remain. Parts of Worsley are currently being considered as World Heritage Sites . The area includes Worsley Delph (itself a scheduled monument ), parts of Worsley Green, and the Bridgewater Canal. In 2015,
5085-613: The Duke in 1803, his estates were inherited by his nephew, George Leveson-Gower , who later became the Duke of Sutherland . The canal and coal estates were placed under the control of the Bridgewater Trust, and in 1833 the rest of the estates were inherited by the Duke of Sutherland's son, Francis Leveson-Gower who changed his surname to Egerton, and in 1846 became the Earl of Ellesmere . The mines ceased production in 1887, and with
5198-719: The Earl of Ellesmere. An additional branch line to Bolton was opened in 1870, branching from the Tyldesley Loopline line at Roe Green . A railway station at Monton Green was opened in 1887 to cater mainly for commuters into Manchester. The lines were important thoroughfares for the transport of coal in the area, including Mosley Common Colliery . Both lines were closed under the Beeching Axe in 1969, and have since been partially reclaimed by Salford City Council as recreational pathways. Early public transport included
5311-772: The Gulf of Mexico. Developed by the Sea Warfare and Weapons Department in the Office of Naval Research along with Oceaneering International , the LVI Lo/Lo crane has sensors and cameras as well as motion-sensing algorithms that let it automatically shift with the rolling and pitching of the sea, making it much easier for operators to center the crane over cargo and transfer it. [REDACTED] Media related to IMO 6817845 at Wikimedia Commons Container ship A container ship (also called boxship or spelled containership )
5424-539: The Irwell into Manchester. A second Act was secured for this variance, which included an aqueduct to cross the Irwell. This was built relatively quickly for the time; work commenced in September 1760 and the first boat crossed on 17 July 1761. The canal opened in 1761 and along with the stone aqueduct at Barton-upon-Irwell , was considered a major engineering achievement. One writer said that when finished, it "will be
5537-557: The Manor of Cadishead in 1776. Upon his death in 1803 he was succeeded by George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland . In 1833 the estate was inherited by Gower's son, Francis Leveson-Gower who changed his surname to Egerton, and in 1846 became the Earl of Ellesmere . In 1836 he purchased the Manor of Tyldesley. He is recorded as saying that he found Worsley to be "a God-forsaken place, full of drunken, rude people with deplorable morals". Worsley New Hall , designed by Edward Blore ,
5650-576: The Manor of Hulton was granted to the Worsleys. The family held both manors until the late 14th century, whereon they passed to the Massey family of Tatton , and then in the 16th century to the Brereton family of Malpas, Cheshire . The Brereton family added the Manor of Bedford (a small area of land to the west of Worsley) to the estate. Richard Brereton later married Dorothy Egerton, and upon his death
5763-560: The Packet House, a telephone kiosk, and the Delph sluice gates, but this list has since increased to 48 listed buildings. Much of the area around the canal and Worsley Delph was restored and landscaped between 1966 and 1967 by the Worsley Civic Trust and the local council, ready for a visit by Elizabeth II on 17 May 1968. As the canal passes through Worsley, iron oxide from the mines has, for many years, stained
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#17327981084905876-919: The Swinton Local Board of Health , which from 1869 became the Swinton and Pendlebury Local Board of Health. In 1892 a small part of the township of Worsley was included in the Borough of Eccles. In 1894, under the Local Government Act 1894 , Worsley Urban District was created. A part of the township then within the area of the Swinton and Pendlebury Local Board of Health was formed into Swinton township, becoming part of Swinton and Pendlebury Urban District . In 1907 two small detached parts of Worsley civil parish, then inside Swinton civil parish, were added to Swinton civil parish. A town hall
5989-588: The United States and Japan only had 75 and 11 registered container ships, respectively. In recent years, oversupply of container ship capacity has caused prices for new and used ships to fall. From 2008 to 2009, new container ship prices dropped by 19–33%, while prices for 10-year-old container ships dropped by 47–69%. In March 2010, the average price for a geared 500-TEU container ship was $ 10 million, while gearless ships of 6,500 and 12,000 TEU averaged prices of $ 74 million and $ 105 million respectively. At
6102-473: The VLCS class (Very Large Container Ships, more than 10,000 TEU), and 51 ports in the world can accommodate them. The size of a Panamax vessel is limited by the original Panama canal's lock chambers , which can accommodate ships with a beam of up to 32.31 m, a length overall of up to 294.13 m, and a draft of up to 12.04 m. The Post-Panamax category has historically been used to describe ships with
6215-408: The advent of containerization in the 1950s, break-bulk items required manual loading, lashing, unlashing and unloading from the ship one piece at a time. This stevedoring process became more efficient by grouping cargo into containers, 1,000 to 3,000 cubic feet (28 to 85 m ) of cargo, or up to about 64,000 pounds (29,000 kg), is moved at once and each container is secured to the ship once in
6328-532: The area, the village lies along the course of Worsley Brook, which cuts through the ridge. The ridge also forms part of the northern edge of the Irwell Valley . The area is bordered on the north by the East Lancashire Road , and on the south by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway and part of the Bridgewater Canal. The larger towns of Swinton and Eccles lie to the east and southeast respectively, and to
6441-683: The average daily cost in U.S. dollars for a one-TEU slot with a weight of 14 tonnes. The Hamburg Index data is divided into ten categories based primarily on vessel carrying capacity. Two additional categories exist for small vessels of under 500 TEU that carry their own cargo cranes. In 2007, VHSS started another index, the New ConTex which tracks similar data obtained from an international group of shipbrokers. The Hamburg Index shows some clear trends in recent chartering markets. First, rates were generally increasing from 2000 to 2005. From 2005 to 2008, rates slowly decreased, and in mid-2008 began
6554-604: The boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire , there is evidence of Roman and Anglo-Saxon activity, including two Roman roads . The completion in 1761 of the Bridgewater Canal allowed Worsley to expand from a small village of cottage industries to an important town based upon cotton manufacture, iron-working, brick-making and extensive coal mining. Later expansion came after the First and Second World Wars , when large urban estates were built. Worsley Delph
6667-552: The building still exists, in wooded land to the west of the town, on the site of the former Worsley New Hall. From the 11th century, Worsley was a township in the Eccles parish of the hundred of Salford , and county of Lancashire . Worsley was originally in Eccles ecclesiastical parish, and also in Barton-upon-Irwell Poor Law Union . The Swinton area of the township was in 1867 included in
6780-485: The centerline. The third coordinate is the tier , with the first tier at the bottom of the cargo holds, the second tier on top of that, and so forth. Container ships typically take 20 foot and 40 foot containers. Some ships can take 45 footers above deck. A few ships (APL since 2007, Carrier53 since 2022 ) can carry 53 foot containers. 40 foot containers are the primary container size, making up about 90% of all container shipping and since container shipping moves 90% of
6893-590: The charterer rents the vessel from the loading port to the discharge port. In a time charter, the vessel is hired for a set period of time, to perform voyages as the charterer directs. In a bareboat charter, the charterer acts as the ship's operator and manager, taking on responsibilities such as providing the crew and maintaining the vessel. The completed chartering contract is known as a charter party . The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development [UNCTAD], tracks in its 2010 Review of Maritime Trade two aspects of container shipping prices: The first one
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#17327981084907006-424: The containers together. Above-decks, without the extra support of the cell guides, more complicated equipment is used. Three types of systems are currently in wide use: lashing systems, locking systems, and buttress systems. Lashing systems secure containers to the ship using devices made from wire rope, rigid rods, or chains and devices to tension the lashings, such as turnbuckles. The effectiveness of lashings
7119-430: The course of another Roman road, which passes through the northern part of the area near Walkden and Little Hulton . In 1947 a hoard of 550 Roman coins was found near a quarry in Boothstown , dated to between AD 250 and 275, and in 1958 the head of a man was found on Worsley Moss. Named " Worsley man ", and originally thought to be no more than 20 years old, upon the discovery of Lindow Man it
7232-575: The crime rate in Worsley is lower on average than Salford, which stands at 163.1 per thousand population. One of Worsley's early industries was weaving . A cottage industry , cotton would be spun on spinning wheels and hand-operated looms in people's homes to produce cloth. Merchants would then purchase this cloth, selling it at the Bridgewater Hotel, then known as the Old Grapes Inn. Worsley now has little industry, and
7345-434: The current largest container ships are at the optimum size, and could not economically be larger, as port facilities would be too expensive, port handling too time consuming, the number of suitable ports too low, and insurance cost too high. In March 2017 the first ship with an official capacity over 20,000 TEUs was christened at Samsung Heavy Industries . MOL Triumph has a capacity of 20,150 TEUs. Samsung Heavy Industries
7458-413: The design of container ships. While containers may be carried on conventional break-bulk ships, cargo holds for dedicated container ships are specially constructed to speed loading and unloading, and to efficiently keep containers secure while at sea. A key aspect of container ship specialization is the design of the hatches, the openings from the main deck to the cargo holds. The hatch openings stretch
7571-508: The end of their dinner break. Many gravestones in the churchyard were cut from rock sourced at Worsley Delph. Following a proposed hotel development in 1981 the area around the church and vicarage was designated a conservation area. Worsley Golf Club was founded in 1894 on part of the Earl of Ellesmere's estate at Broadoak Park. The area has a clay pigeon shooting club, west of the M60. A racecourse development proposed on land near Boothstown
7684-535: The entire breadth of the cargo holds, and are surrounded by a raised steel structure known as the hatch coaming . On top of the hatch coamings are the hatch covers. Until the 1950s, hatches were typically secured with wooden boards and tarpaulins held down with battens. Today, some hatch covers can be solid metal plates that are lifted on and off the ship by cranes, while others are articulated mechanisms that are opened and closed using powerful hydraulic rams. Another key component of dedicated container-ship design
7797-659: The estates passed into the Egerton family. In 1617 John Egerton , son of Sir Thomas Egerton , became Earl of Bridgewater . The Egerton family was descended from Sir Richard Egerton of Ridley, Cheshire . His illegitimate son, Thomas Egerton, was a prominent lawyer who served as Master of the Rolls from 1594 to 1603, and Lord Keeper of the Great Seal from 1596 to 1617 and also as Lord High Chancellor of England . John Egerton succeeded to Worsley in 1639, and died in 1649. He
7910-425: The expiration of the Bridgewater Trust in 1903 the village began to change; the Duke's warehouse and the works on what is now Worsley Green were demolished. Worsley Brook was culverted, and a memorial fountain to the Duke was built from the bricks of the works' chimney. Although much of the industry that dominated Worsley was in decline, in 1937 Sir Montague Maurice Burton opened the Burtonville Clothing Works along
8023-466: The first container ship in the world was launched; the Autocarrier , owned by the Southern Railway. It had 21 slots for containers of Southern Railway. The earliest container ships after the Second World War were converted oil tankers , built up from surplus T2 tankers after World War II. In 1951, the first purpose-built container vessels began operating in Denmark , and between Seattle and Alaska . The first commercially successful container ship
8136-623: The first of these rebuilt container vessels, Ideal X , left the Port Newark in New Jersey and a new revolution in modern shipping resulted. In the 1950s, a new standardized steel Intermodal container based on specifications from the United States Department of Defense began to revolutionize freight transportation. The White Pass & Yukon Route railway acquired the world's first purpose built container ship,
8249-428: The index shows signs of recovery for container shipping, and combined with increases in global capacity, indicates a positive outlook for the sector in the near future. Worsley Worsley ( / ˈ w ɜːr z l i / ) is a village in the City of Salford , Greater Manchester , England, which in 2014 had a population of 10,090. It lies along Worsley Brook, 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Manchester . Within
8362-601: The individual hatches, holds and other dividers of traditional cargo ships . The hull of a typical container ship is similar to an airport hangar, or a huge warehouse, which is divided into individual holding cells, using vertical guide rails. The ship's cells are designed to hold cargo containers, which are typically constructed of steel, though sometimes of aluminum, fiberglass or plywood, and designed for intermodal transfers between ship and train , truck or semi-trailer . Shipping containers are categorized by type, size and function. Today, about 90% of non- bulk cargo worldwide
8475-438: The keel, are the ship's frames. The ship's main deck, the metal platework that covers the top of the hull framework, is supported by beams that are attached to the tops of the frames and run the full breadth of the ship. The beams not only support the deck, but along with the deck, frames, and transverse bulkheads, strengthen and reinforce the shell. Another feature of recent hulls is a set of double-bottom tanks, which provide
8588-418: The large port to smaller regional ports. This size of vessel is the most likely to carry cargo cranes on board. A major characteristic of a container ship is whether it has cranes installed for handling its cargo. Those that have cargo cranes are called geared and those that do not are called ungeared or gearless . The earliest purpose-built container ships in the 1970s were all gearless. Since then,
8701-595: The largest manor of the seven ancient manors of the Bridgewater Estates. It was created by William I and held for him by the Barton family in thegnage , and for them by a Norman knight named Elias, who fought in the crusades . On his death in Rhodes , the manor remained with Elias' son, whose family had by that time adopted the name of the village as its family name. On 23 June 1311 a substantial part of
8814-577: The late 18th century in England. In 1766 James Brindley designed the box boat "Starvationer" with 10 wooden containers, to transport coal from Worsley Delph to Manchester via the Bridgewater Canal . Before the Second World War , the first container ships were used to carry the baggage of the luxury passenger train from London to Paris ( Southern Railway's Golden Arrow / La Flèche d'Or ). These containers were loaded in London or Paris, and carried to ports of Dover or Calais on flat cars. In February 1931,
8927-476: The latter predominant. Today, about 90% of non- bulk cargo worldwide is transported by container ships, the largest of which, from 2023 onward, can carry over 24,000 TEU. There are two main types of dry cargo: bulk cargo and break bulk cargo . Bulk cargoes, like grain or coal, are transported unpackaged in the hull of the ship, generally in large volume. Break-bulk cargoes, in contrast, are transported in packages, and are generally manufactured goods. Before
9040-402: The moors", and a "cow at hire", all valued at £97 5s. Marl was commonly used as a fertiliser, and is recorded in use in 1719. Wheeler's Manchester: Its Political, Social and Commercial History, Ancient and Modern (1836) states that about one-fifth of the land around Worsley, Astley and Tyldesley was in tillage , lower on average than the surrounding areas. Worsley was, originally,
9153-704: The most extraordanary thing in the kingdom, if not in Europe. The boats in some places are to go underground, and in other places over a navigable river, without communicating with its waters ..." Worsley Delph, now a scheduled monument , was the entrance to the Duke's underground mines. Two entrances, built years apart, allowed access to the Starvationer boats, the largest of which could carry 12 long tons (12 t) of coal. The entrances allow access to 46 miles (74 km) of underground canal on four levels, linked by inclined planes. The burgeoning village became
9266-640: The name meant "Weorcgyth's clearing". But Watts also suggested that types 2 and 3 might really point to an initial element of uncertain origin followed by the Common Brittonic word found today as Welsh coed , in which case the name originated as the name of a forest along the likes of Wer-ked , which later gave its name to the settlement in cleared land. Two Roman roads run through the area. Connecting Mamucium (Manchester) with Coccium (Wigan), one passes through Worsley near Drywood, and over Mosley Common . The present-day A6 road follows part of
9379-405: The percentage of geared newbuilds has fluctuated widely, but has been decreasing overall, with only 7.5% of the container ship capacity in 2009 being equipped with cranes. While geared container ships are more flexible in that they can visit ports that are not equipped with pierside container cranes , they suffer from several drawbacks. To begin with, geared ships will cost more to purchase than
9492-513: The rear, but to reconcile demand for larger container capacity with SOLAS visibility requirements, several new designs have been developed. As of 2015 , some large container ships are being developed with the bridge further forward, separate from the exhaust stack. Some smaller container ships working in European ports and rivers have liftable wheelhouses, which can be lowered to pass under low bridges. As of 2010 , container ships made up 13.3% of
9605-407: The rest of Greater Manchester. The mean highest and lowest temperatures (13.2 °C (55.8 °F) and 6.4 °C (43.5 °F)) are slightly above the national average, while the annual rainfall (806.6 millimetres (31.76 in)) and average hours of sunshine (1394.5 hours) are respectively above and below the national averages. According to the Office for National Statistics , at the time of
9718-413: The rotary cranes, some geared ships have gantry cranes installed. These cranes, specialized for container work, are able to roll forward and aft on rails. In addition to the additional capital expense and maintenance costs, these cranes generally load and discharge containers much more slowly than their shoreside counterparts. The introduction and improvement of shoreside container cranes have been
9831-514: The same time, secondhand prices for 10-year-old geared container ships of 500-, 2,500-, and 3,500-TEU capacity averaged prices of $ 4 million, $ 15 million, and $ 18 million respectively. In 2009, 11,669,000 gross tons of newly built container ships were delivered. Over 85% of this new capacity was built in the Republic of Korea, China, and Japan, with Korea accounting for over 57% of the world's total alone. New container ships accounted for 15% of
9944-542: The scrap metal market. Scrapping rates are volatile, the price per light ton displacement has swung from a high of $ 650 per LTD in mid-2008 to $ 200 per LTD in early 2009, before building to $ 400 per LTD in March 2010. As of 2009 , over 96% of the world's scrapping activity takes place in China, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. The global economic downturn of 2008–2009 resulted in more ships than usual being sold for scrap. In 2009, 364,300 TEU worth of container ship capacity
10057-400: The size of container ships. Primarily, these are the availability of sufficiently large main engines and the availability of a sufficient number of ports and terminals prepared and equipped to handle ultra-large container ships. Furthermore, the permissible maximum ship dimensions in some of the world's main waterways could present an upper limit in terms of vessel growth. This primarily concerns
10170-632: The tonnage of the top 20 liner companies was chartered-in in this manner. International law requires that every merchant ship be registered in a country, called its flag state . A ship's flag state exercises regulatory control over the vessel and is required to inspect it regularly, certify the ship's equipment and crew, and issue safety and pollution prevention documents. As of 2006 , the United States Bureau of Transportation Statistics count 2,837 container ships of 10,000 long tons deadweight (DWT) or greater worldwide. Panama
10283-411: The total new tonnage that year, behind bulk carriers at 28.9% and oil tankers at 22.6%. Most ships are removed from the fleet through a process known as scrapping . Scrapping is rare for ships under 18 years old and common for those over 40 years in age. Ship-owners and buyers negotiate scrap prices based on factors such as the ship's empty weight (called light ton displacement or LTD) and prices in
10396-473: The water bright orange. The removal of this colouration is the subject of a £2.5 million remedial scheme, which was completed in 2004. This has not been successful and as of 2017 much of the canal centered on the Delph is still bright orange. Wardley Hall is an early medieval manor house and a Grade I listed building in Wardley . The current hall dates from around 1500 but was extensively rebuilt in
10509-404: The west the area is largely bordered by Chat Moss , open fields, and forest. The M60 and M62 motorways cut directly through the area. The underlying measures of coal have proved important for the development of the area; it was around Worsley Delph that the settlement first began to grow. Parts of the area are within an indicated floodplain . Worsley's climate is generally temperate, like
10622-404: The workers needed for these industries the Duke built extra housing and cottages. In a diary entry of 1773, Josiah Wedgwood wrote of the area "We next visited Worsley which has the appearance of a considerable Seaport Town. His Grace has built some hundreds of houses, & is every year adding considerably to their number." Worsley Green became a thriving centre of industry. With the death of
10735-405: The world's fleet in terms of deadweight tonnage. The world's total of container ship deadweight tonnage has increased from 11 million DWT in 1980 to 169.0 million DWT in 2010. The combined deadweight tonnage of container ships and general cargo ships, which also often carry containers, represents 21.8% of the world's fleet. As of 2009 , the average age of container ships worldwide
10848-426: The world's freight, over 80% of the world's freight moves via 40 foot containers. Numerous systems are used to secure containers aboard ships, depending on factors such as the type of ship, the type of container, and the location of the container. Stowage inside the holds of fully cellular (FC) ships is simplest, typically using simple metal forms called container guides, locating cones, and anti-rack spacers to lock
10961-505: The world's fully cellular container capacity, with 2,673 vessels of an average capacity of 3,774 TEU. The remaining 6,862 fully cellular ships have an average capacity of 709 TEU each. The vast majority of the capacity of fully cellular container ships used in the liner trade is owned by German shipowners , with approximately 75% owned by Hamburg brokers. It is a common practice for the large container lines to supplement their own ships with chartered-in ships, for example in 2009, 48.9% of
11074-452: Was Ideal X , a T2 tanker, owned by Malcom McLean , which carried 58 metal containers between Newark, New Jersey and Houston, Texas , on its first voyage. In 1955, McLean built his company, McLean Trucking into one of the United States' biggest freighter fleets. In 1955, he purchased the small Pan Atlantic Steamship Company from Waterman Steamship and adapted its ships to carry cargo in large uniform metal containers. On April 26, 1956,
11187-403: Was 10.6 years, making them the youngest general vessel type, followed by bulk carriers at 16.6 years, oil tankers at 17 years, general cargo ships at 24.6 years, and others at 25.3 years. Most of the world's carrying capacity in fully cellular container ships is in the liner service , where ships trade on scheduled routes. As of January 2010, the top 20 liner companies controlled 67.5% of
11300-417: Was a rapid increase in the demand for coal. The Duke's mines were among those supplying the surrounding districts but transport was both inefficient and expensive, and the mines also suffered from persistent flooding. His solution to these problems was to build a canal from Worsley to Salford , and an underground canal into the mines from Worsley Delph. The canal boats would carry 30 long tons (30 t) at
11413-549: Was abolished, becoming part of Salford Metropolitan District. Following its 2006 review of parliamentary representation in Greater Manchester , the Boundary Commission for England recommended the creation of a modified Worsley constituency, incorporating a part of Eccles . The new constituency is called Worsley and Eccles South . Until the 2010 general election , Worsley was represented in
11526-455: Was achieved using 9 cranes to simultaneously load and unload MV CSCL Pusan , a ship with a capacity of 9,600 TEU. Vessels in the 1,500–2,499 TEU range are the most likely size class to have cranes, with more than 60% of this category being geared ships. Slightly less than a third of the very smallest ships (from 100–499 TEU) are geared, and almost no ships with a capacity of over 4,000 TEU are geared. Efficiency has always been key in
11639-548: Was assigned to Maritime Prepositioning Ship Squadron Three and was maintained in a four-day readiness status. Flickertail State has been in ready reserve at Newport News, Virginia since 1993. In 2009, a demonstrator crane was installed and integrated aboard the SS Flickertail State to evaluate the crane's performance in transporting containers between two moving ships in an operational environment using commercial and oil industry at-sea mooring techniques, at sea in
11752-647: Was built in 1846 for Francis Egerton the First Earl of Ellesmere. The plans are held at the Victoria and Albert Museum . Queen Victoria visited the hall in 1851 and 1857; Edward VII and Queen Alexandra visited when Edward was Prince of Wales in 1869, and on 6 July 1909. The hall was used as a hospital in World War I and in World War II housed Dunkirk evacuees, American soldiers preparing for D-Day and
11865-491: Was expected to deliver several ships of over 20,000 TEUs in 2017, and has orders for at least ten vessels in that size range for OOCL and MOL. The world's largest container ship, MSC Irina , was delivered March 9, 2023 by builder Yangzi Xinfu Shipbuilding to the Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC), with a capacity of 24,346 TEUs. Measuring 399.99 metres in length and 61.3 metres in beam, the ship
11978-614: Was laid on 14 June 1844 by George Granville Francis Egerton, the son of Francis Egerton. Designed by the architect George Gilbert Scott , the church was consecrated on 2 July 1846 by the Bishop of Chester, John Bird Sumner. The church tower is now home to the mechanism for the Bridgewater Clock from the Bridgewater workshops at Worsley Green. The clock strikes 13 times at 1 pm, originally so that workmen did not miss
12091-436: Was opened on 22 June 1911. Worsley Urban District gained 21 acres (85,000 m ) of land from Barton-upon-Irwell Civil Parish in 1921, and in 1933 gained the area of Little Hulton Urban District. Parts were added to Eccles Borough and Irlam Urban District . In 1955 Swinton and Pendlebury Borough gained a small part of Worsley Urban District, and under the Local Government Act 1972 , in 1974 Worsley's Urban District status
12204-791: Was re-examined and dated to approximately the 2nd century AD, in the Romano-British period . Worsley later fell under the control of the Anglo-Saxons , who controlled much of the area around Manchester and who also defeated the British at the Battle of Chester in AD ;615. Edward the Elder rebuilt the fortifications at Manchester, and in AD 924 captured all the land between the rivers Mersey and Irwell , making it demesne in
12317-670: Was returned to MARAD in 1986 and laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet (NDRF). In 1987-1988 she was converted to a type (C5-S-MA73c) Crane Ship by Norfolk Shipbuilding & Drydock, Norfolk, Virginia. Completed on 8 February 1988, she was placed in service as SS Flickertail State (T-ACS-5) and assigned to the Ready Reserve Force (RRF), under operation control of the Military Sealift Command (MSC). Flickertail State
12430-480: Was scrapped, up from 99,900 TEU in 2008. Container ships accounted for 22.6% of the total gross tonnage of ships scrapped that year. Despite the surge, the capacity removed from the fleet only accounted for 3% of the world's container ship capacity. The average age of container ships scrapped in 2009 was 27.0 years. Economies of scale have dictated an upward trend in the size of container ships in order to reduce expenses. However, there are certain limitations to
12543-412: Was succeeded by the second and third Earls of Bridgewater. The title of Duke of Bridgewater was first given to Scroop Egerton in 1720. He devised a navigation system for Worsley which was not carried out. His son, the third Duke of Bridgewater Francis Egerton , was to build the Bridgewater Canal . The Duke purchased the Manor of Pemberton (near Wigan ) in 1758, the Manor of Hindley in 1765, and
12656-482: Was the subject of a public inquiry and rejected by the local council after a sustained campaign by local councillors. Home Office policing in Worsley is provided by the Greater Manchester Police . The nearest police station is at Little Hulton Or Swinton Public transport is co-ordinated by Transport for Greater Manchester . Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by
12769-744: Was the world's largest flag state for container ships, with 541 of the vessels in its registry. Seven other flag states had more than 100 registered container ships: Liberia (415), Germany (248), Singapore (177), Cyprus (139), the Marshall Islands (118) and the United Kingdom (104). The Panamanian, Liberian, and Marshallese flags are open registries and considered by the International Transport Workers' Federation to be flags of convenience . By way of comparison, traditional maritime nations such as
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