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125-536: SS Scharnhorst may refer to one of the following passenger steamers for North German Lloyd : SS  Scharnhorst  (1904) , in service from 1904–1919; given to France as war reparations in 1919 SS  Scharnhorst  (1934) , in service from 1934–1939; trapped at Kobe, Japan, in 1939; sold to Japanese in 1942 and converted into Japanese aircraft carrier  Shin'yō ; sunk by USS  Spadefish in 1944 [REDACTED] [REDACTED] List of ships with

250-537: A "coastal shipping and stevedoring company," it started again, as after World War I, practically from zero, offering tugboat and daytripper services. Kulenkampff and Bertram constituted the Board and there were at first only 350 employees. In 1948, the first Hapag-Lloyd travel agency opened. Business initially consisted of emigration and a limited amount of tourism. Beginning in 1949, German companies were permitted to order and to build ships of up to 7,200 GRT. In 1950,

375-554: A Christie ally's developmental project, a charge that the Christie administration denied. In June 2014, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development allocated $ 230 million to Hoboken as part of its Rebuild by Design initiative, adding levees, parks, green roofs, retention basins and other infrastructure to help the low-lying riverfront city protect itself from ordinary flooding and build

500-539: A board member since 1932, and Richard Bertram, a board member since 1937, became Chairman in 1942. At the end of World War II the company's headquarters (which had in any case been sold in 1942 ) had been severely damaged by bombing and all its large vessels either destroyed or seized. It was left with only the freighter Bogotá , which was in Japan. Relicensed by the American military administration on November 29, 1945 as

625-480: A female householder with no husband present, and 64.8% were non-families. 41.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.92 and the average family size was 2.73. In the city the age distribution of the population showed 10.5% under the age of 18, 15.3% from 18 to 24, 51.7% from 25 to 44, 13.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

750-813: A fire at the Hoboken docks. So began the "decade of Germans" in transatlantic shipping, in which the NDL and the HAPAG dominated the routes with several record-breaking ships and vied with the British Cunard Line and the White Star Line as the largest shipping companies in the world. In 1902 and 1904, two NDL ships again won the Blue Riband: Kronprinz Wilhelm , now with an average speed of 23.09 kn (42.76 km/h) for

875-424: A glass of water from the cave which was said to have medicinal powers. In 1841, the cave became a legend, when Edgar Allan Poe wrote " The Mystery of Marie Roget " about an event that took place there. The cave was closed in the late 1880s after the water was found to be contaminated, and it was shut and in the 1930s and filled with concrete, before it was reopened in 2008. Before his death in 1838, Stevens founded

1000-504: A lesser degree, SoHo and TriBeCa —which previously had not been residential. Empty lots were built on, tenements were transformed into luxury condominiums. Hoboken felt the impact of the destruction of the World Trade Center intensely, many of its newer residents having worked there. Re-zoning encouraged new construction on former industrial sites on the waterfront and the traditionally more impoverished low-lying west side of

1125-599: A major East Coast cargo-shipping port. With the development of the Interstate Highway System and containerization shipping facilities (particularly at Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal ), the docks became obsolete, and by the 1970s were more or less abandoned. A large swath of River Street, known as the Barbary Coast for its taverns and boarding houses (which had been home for many dockworkers, sailors, merchant mariners, and other seamen)

1250-576: A merger of the two largest German shipping companies was entirely logical. On September 1, 1970, the North German Lloyd merged with Hamburg America Line (HAPAG) to form Hapag-Lloyd AG, based in Hamburg with secondary headquarters in Bremen. On 20 February 2007, a small group of dedicated, former member of the North German Lloyd organized for the 150th anniversary of the foundation of

1375-418: A network of features to help Hoboken future-proof itself against subsequent storms. The project included expanding the city's sewer capacity, incorporating cisterns and basins into parks and playgrounds, redesigning streets to minimize traffic accidents, and collect and redirect waster. By September 2023, the improvements were so successful that when a storm hit the area that month, depositing 3.5 inches on

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1500-436: A phrase that became "Hopoghan Hackingh". Like Weehawken , its neighbor to the north, as well as Communipaw and Harsimus to the south, Hoboken had many variations in the folks-tongue. Hoebuck , old Dutch for high bluff, and likely referring to Castle Point, the district of the city highest above sea level, was used during the colonial era, and was later spelled as Hobuck , Hobock , Hobuk and Hoboocken . However, in

1625-517: A premier technology school, Maxwell House kept chugging away, and Bethlehem Steel still housed sailors who were dry-docked on its piers. Italian-Americans and other came back to the "old neighborhood" to shop for delicatessen. In 1975, the western part of the Keuffel and Esser Manufacturing Complex (known as "Clock Towers") was converted into residential apartments, after having been an architectural, engineering and drafting facility from 1907 to 1968;

1750-604: A resort and later as a residential neighborhood. Originally part of Bergen Township and later North Bergen Township , it became a separate township in 1849 and was incorporated as a city in 1855. Hoboken is the location of the first recorded game of baseball and of the Stevens Institute of Technology , one of the oldest technological universities in the United States. It is also known as the birthplace and hometown of Frank Sinatra ; various streets and parks in

1875-458: A resort for Manhattanites. On October 11, 1811, Stevens' ship the Juliana , began to operate as a ferry between Manhattan and Hoboken, making it the world's first commercial steam ferry. In 1825, he designed and built a steam locomotive capable of hauling several passenger cars at his estate. Sybil's Cave , a cave with a natural spring, was opened in 1832 and visitors came to pay a penny for

2000-658: A route to England prior to starting a transatlantic service. In 1857, the first ship, the Adler (Eagle), began regular passenger service between the Weser region (where Bremen is located) and England. On 28 October 1857, it made its maiden voyage from Nordenham to London. Just one year later, regular, scheduled services were started between the new port in Bremerhaven and New York using two 2,674  GRT steamships, Bremen and New York . International economic crises made

2125-512: A size of 50,000 GRT. The NDL responded with smaller but prestigious vessels such as Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm and George Washington , and transferred Berlin from Mediterranean service to the New York run. Finally in 1914 the company ordered two 33,000 GRT liners of the Columbus -class ; World War I prevented their completion. In this era of "open borders" to transatlantic travel,

2250-533: A state-mandated master plan to connect the municipalities from the Bayonne Bridge to George Washington Bridge and provide contiguous unhindered access to the water's edge and to create an urban linear park offering expansive views of the Hudson with the spectacular backdrop of the New York skyline. As of 2017, the city was considering using eminent domain to take over the last operating maritime industry in

2375-421: A wave of fires, some of which were arson. Applied Housing, a real-estate investment firm, used federal government incentives to renovate "sub-standard" housing and receive subsidized rental payments (commonly known as Section 8 ), which enabled some low-income, displaced, and disabled residents to move within town. Hoboken attracted artists, musicians, upwardly mobile commuters, and "bohemian types" interested in

2500-449: Is 201 . Hoboken's temperatures hover around an average in winter, rising and falling, rather than a consistent pattern with a clear coldest time of year, with minimums occurring in late December and early-mid February, rising and falling repeatedly throughout January. Just like neighboring New York City, the climate is humid subtropical (Cfa). The 2010 United States census counted 50,005 people, 25,041 households, and 9,465 families in

2625-534: Is a city in Hudson County in the U.S. state of New Jersey . Hoboken is part of the New York metropolitan area and is the site of Hoboken Terminal , a major transportation hub . As of the 2020 United States census , the city's population was 60,419, an increase of 10,414 (+20.8%) from the 2010 census count of 50,005, which in turn reflected an increase of 11,428 (+29.6%) from the 38,577 counted in

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2750-486: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles North German Lloyd The German shipping company North German Lloyd (NDL) was founded by the Bremen merchants Hermann Henrich Meier and Eduard Crüsemann on 20 February 1857, after the dissolution of the Ocean Steam Navigation Company , a joint German-American enterprise. The new shipping company had no direct association with

2875-950: The Barbarossa -class (mode than 10,000 GRT, for Australia, the Far East, and the North Atlantic) and the Generals class (about 8,500  GRT , for the Far East and Australia). Beginning in 1899, the NDL expanded into the Pacific, acquiring the entire fleets of two small British lines, the Scottish Oriental Steamship Company and the Holt East Indian Ocean Steamship Company, and setting up between 14 and 16 passenger and freight routes in conjunction with

3000-413: The 2000 census , there were 38,577 people, 19,418 households, and 6,835 families residing in the city. The population density was 30,239.2 inhabitants per square mile (11,675.4/km ), fourth highest in the nation after neighboring communities of Guttenberg , Union City and West New York . There were 19,915 housing units at an average density of 15,610.7 per square mile (6,027.3/km ). The racial makeup of

3125-415: The 2000 census . The Census Bureau 's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 57,010 for 2023, making it the 708th-most populous municipality in the nation. With more than 42,400 inhabitants per square mile (16,400/km ) in data from the 2010 census, Hoboken was ranked as the third-most densely populated municipality in the United States among cities with a population above 50,000. In

3250-526: The British maritime classification society Lloyd's Register ; by the mid-19th century, "Lloyd" was used as a term for a shipping company (an earlier user of the term in the same context was the Trieste-based Österreichischer Lloyd , originally intended to be modelled on Lloyd's of London). H. H. Meier became NDL's first chairman of the supervisory board, and Crüsemann became the first director of

3375-721: The Deutsche Afrika-Linien and the Deutsche Levante Linie . In 1935, the Scharnhorst , Gneisenau , and Potsdam , each with about 18,000 GRT, were placed in service for the Far East. The modernization of the fleet continued and in 1937 the line made modest profits. In 1939 the Erlangen slipped out of Lyttelton Harbour (New Zealand) on 28 August, on the eve of World War II , ostensibly for Port Kembla, New South Wales , where she

3500-487: The Erie Lackawanna Railroad ) developed a railroad terminal at the waterfront, with the present NJ Transit terminal designed by architect Kenneth Murchison constructed in 1907. It was also during this time that German immigrants, who had been settling in town during most of the century, became the predominant population group in the city, at least partially due to its being a major destination port of

3625-742: The Hamburg America Line , though anti-German sentiment during World War I led to a rapid decline in the German community. In addition to the primary industry of shipbuilding, Hoboken became home to Keuffel and Esser 's three-story factory and in 1884, to Tietjen and Lang Drydock (later Todd Shipyards ). Well-known companies that developed a major presence in Hoboken after the turn-of the-century included Maxwell House , Lipton Tea , and Hostess . The first officially recorded game of baseball took place in Hoboken in 1846 between Knickerbocker Club and New York Nine at Elysian Fields . In 1845,

3750-481: The Hoboken Land and Improvement Company , which laid out a regular system of streets, blocks and lots, constructed housing, and developed manufacturing sites. In general, the housing consisted of masonry row houses of three to five stories, some of which survive to the present day, as does the street grid. Hoboken was originally formed as a township on April 9, 1849, from portions of North Bergen Township . As

3875-569: The National Association of Base Ball Players were using the grounds as their home field while St. George's continued to organize international matches between Canada, England and the United States at the same venue. In 1859, George Parr 's All England Eleven of professional cricketers played the United States XXII at Hoboken, easily defeating the local competition. Sam Wright and his sons Harry and George Wright played on

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4000-752: The National Socialist Rudolph Firle . Bremen State Councillor Karl Lindemann was chairman of the board from 1933 to 1945. A programme of economic recovery by divestments and restructuring was initiated. HBAL and the Roland Line became independent companies once more, and other lines took over services to Africa and the Mediterranean. The Nazi regime ordered both NDL and HAPAG to relinquish ships to other lines which were to operate in their regions without competition from other German companies, in particular to Hamburg Süd ,

4125-483: The North River . Three Lenape sold the land that became Hoboken and part of Jersey City for 80 fathoms (146 m) of wampum , 20 fathoms (37 m) of cloth, 12 kettles, six guns, two blankets, one double kettle, and half a barrel of beer. These transactions, variously dated as July 12, 1630 and November 22, 1630, represent the earliest known conveyance for the area. Pauw, whose Latinized name is Pavonia , failed to settle

4250-569: The Panic of 1907 led to a sharp fall-off of migrant traffic to America, only partially offset by increased steerage flows back to Europe, and this was the main contributing factor to "one of the blackest years in the Company's history." In 1914, NDL employed approximately 22,000 people. Its success thus directly influenced the rapid growth of the city of Bremerhaven , which had been founded only in 1827. Director General Dr. Wiegand died in 1909, and

4375-539: The Polo Grounds . Few nonwhites had settled in Hoboken by 1901. The Brooklyn Eagle claimed that an unwritten sundown town policy prevented African Americans from residing or working there. When the U.S. entered World War I , the Hamburg-American Line piers in Hoboken and New Orleans were taken under eminent domain . Federal control of the port and anti-German sentiment led to part of

4500-500: The Schleppschifffahrtsgesellschaft Unterweser (Unterweser Tug Association, now Unterweser Reederei ). H. H. Meyer stood down from the board in 1888; he was succeeded by Friedrich Reck. Johann Georg Lohmann became director of the company; following his death in 1892, Reck stepped down and Georg Plate became chairman. The lawyer Heinrich Wiegand became Director; from 1899 onwards, his title

4625-584: The Swedish American Line , with a capacity of 843 passengers. These vessels were first placed in scheduled service to America but soon transferred to cruising. In 1967, the 10,481 GRT express freighter Friesenstein (21.5 knots) inaugurated the Friesenstein class and replaced Nabob and Schwabenstein . Passenger service was running at an increasing deficit, and the rapidly growing container traffic required cost-intensive retooling in

4750-531: The Treaty of Versailles at war's end, all ships over 1,600 GRT and half of all units from 100 to 1,600 GRT were confiscated. The United States had already confiscated in 1917 the facilities in Hoboken and the NDL ships at the dock there. The prewar NDL fleet no longer existed. The company was left with some small ships totalling 57,000 GRT. With these the company restarted daytrip passenger service, tug service, and freight service in 1919. The 'flagship'

4875-690: The Westfalen . On 12 February 1922, service to New York with NDL's own ships resumed with Seydlitz . The other ship of the Columbus class, the 32,354 GRT former Hindenburg , was completed in 1924 and named Columbus ; she was placed in scheduled transatlantic passenger service. A brief post-war boom was followed by severe inflation in Germany, despite which NDL continued to expand their fleet. Twelve new ships of between 8,700 and 11,400 GRT were placed in service for South and Central America and

5000-514: The serpentine rock outcropping atop of which sits Stevens Institute of Technology (which also owns some, as yet, undeveloped land on the river). At the foot of the cliff is Sybil's Cave (where 19th century day-trippers once came to "take the waters" from a natural spring), long sealed shut, though plans for its restoration are in place. The promenade along the river bank is part of the Hudson River Waterfront Walkway ,

5125-500: The 1960s, working pay and conditions began to deteriorate: turn-of-the century housing started to look shabby and feel crowded, shipbuilding was cheaper overseas, and single-story plants surrounded by parking lots made manufacturing and distribution more economical than old brick buildings on congested urban streets. The city appeared to be in the throes of inexorable decline as industries sought (what had been) greener pastures, port operations shifted to larger facilities on Newark Bay , and

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5250-462: The 1990s, agreements were made with the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , various levels of government, Hoboken citizens, and private developers to build commercial and residential buildings and "open spaces" (mostly along the bulkhead and on the foundation of un-utilized Pier A ). The northern portion, which had remained in private hands, has also been re-developed. While most of

5375-463: The 2020 census, the city's population density climbed to more than 48,300 inhabitants per square mile (18,600/km ) of land, ranked fourth in the county behind Guttenberg , Union City and West New York . Hoboken was first settled by Europeans as part of the Pavonia, New Netherland colony in the 17th century. During the early 19th century, the city was developed by Colonel John Stevens , first as

5500-414: The 9th largest. In 1970, NDL had a turnover of 515 million DM and share capital of 54 million DM, and employed 6,200 people, 3,500 of them at sea. In 1967, Claus Wätjen and Dr. Horst Willner, and in 1969 Karl-Heinz Sager, joined the Board. Kulenkampff served on the Board until 1968 and Bertram until 1970. Since the NDL was already executing three quarters of its freight business in association with HAPAG,

5625-507: The Blue Riband for the fastest Atlantic crossings. In 1929, Columbus was completely refitted. From 1928 to 1939, the volume of passengers travelling between the US and Europe declined sharply. In 1928, the NDL transported about 8% of a passenger volume of 1,168,414 passengers; in 1932, 16.2% of the 751,592 passengers transported; in 1938, around 11% of 685,655 passengers. In addition, there

5750-447: The British Cunard Line and White Star Line . 42% of NDL's passenger traffic was to New York, and 15% to other US ports, but only 16.2% eastward-bound from New York. Its westbound South Atlantic service represented 17.3% of its passengers; eastbound from South America, only 1.7%. In 1887, the NDL withdrew from the route to England in favor of Argo Reederei , but continued to provide tug services through participation beginning in 1899 in

5875-530: The Canary Islands, and beginning in 1953 to the Far East. Passenger service resumed in 1955 using a rebuilt 1924 Swedish ship, the 17,993 GRT Gripsholm . Renamed Berlin , she was the sixth German ship of that name, the fourth at NDL, and sailed North Atlantic routes. In 1959, the company added the 32,336 GRT Bremen (formerly Pasteur ), and in 1965, the 21,514 GRT Europa (formerly Kungsholm ), Gripsholm' s sister ship bought from

6000-591: The Far East, then in addition to Columbus three new ships of between 13,000 and 15,000 GRT for the North Atlantic (the München , Stuttgart and Berlin ), and in 1927 the former Zeppelin was bought back from Great Britain and placed in service as the Dresden . In 1920, Carl Stimming became director general of NDL, while his predecessor Heineken became chairman of the board. Between 1925 and 1928,

6125-768: The German Empire, the NDL expanded greatly. Thirteen new ships of the "Strassburg class" were ordered. A route to the West Indies offered from 1871 to 1874 proved unprofitable, but was followed by a permanent line to the east coast of South America. On the transatlantic route, the HAPAG , the Holland-America Line , and the Red Star Line were now all fierce rivals. Beginning in 1881 with Elbe , eleven fast steamships of from 4500 to 6,900 GRT of

6250-610: The Knickerbocker Club, which had been founded by Alexander Cartwright , began using Elysian Fields to play baseball due to the lack of suitable grounds on Manhattan . Team members included players of the St George's Cricket Club , the brothers Harry and George Wright , and Henry Chadwick , the English-born journalist who coined the term "America's Pastime". By the 1850s, several Manhattan -based members of

6375-578: The NDL of six smaller ships which had spent the war years in South America: the mail steamships Seydlitz and Yorck , the Gotha , and the cargo ships Göttingen , Westfalen and Holstein . The company also began to build new freighters and passenger ships and to buy back other ships. In late 1921, service to South America was resumed with the Seydlitz , and in early 1922, East Asian service with

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6500-750: The NDL placed its first post-war orders at the Bremer Vulkan shipyard, the Rheinstein class (2,791 GRT, 13 knots). After the limitations on German shipping imposed by the Allies were lifted in 1951, the NDL commenced building a new fleet. First it bought older freighters (for example the Nabob , a former American auxiliary aircraft carrier) and had new freighters built between 4,000 and 9,000 GRT and 5,000 and 13,000 DWT , all with names ending in - stein . The line had routes to Canada, New Orleans,

6625-406: The North Atlantic. The first signs of a merger were visible. By 1932, the NDL was in an economic crisis, with about 5,000 employees let go, salary cuts, and red ink. Glässel was dismissed. The government placed both NDL and HAPAG in trusteeship under Siegfried von Roedern , and following the death of Stimming, Heinrich F. Albert briefly became head of the NDL, followed after some eighteen months by

6750-485: The United States was demonstrated at Hoboken Terminal. The first Blimpie restaurant opened in 1964 at the corner of Seventh and Washington Streets. Hoboken is home to one of the headquarters of publisher John Wiley & Sons , which moved from Manhattan in 2002. According to the New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development , Hoboken's unemployment rate as of 2014 was 3.3%, compared to

6875-462: The architectural character of the city and open sight-lines to the river. Downtown, Frank Sinatra Park and Sinatra Drive honor the man most consider to be Hoboken's most famous son, while uptown the name Maxwell recalls the factory with its smell of roasting coffee wafting over town and its huge neon "Good to the Last Drop" sign, so long a part of the landscape. The midtown section is dominated by

7000-579: The article hailed Hoboken as a "climate change success story." According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 2 square miles (5.2 square kilometres), including 1.25 sq mi (3.2 km ) of land and 0.75 sq mi (1.9 km ) of water (37.50%). Hoboken lies on the west bank of the Hudson River between Weehawken and Union City to the north and Jersey City (the county seat) to

7125-594: The beginning of the 20th century, the U.S. banking magnate J. P. Morgan began to acquire a number of shipping companies, including the White Star Line , the Leyland Line , and the Red Star Line , to build a transatlantic monopoly. He succeeded in signing both HAPAG and NDL to an alliance, but was unable to acquire the British Cunard Line , and the French Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT). HAPAG and NDL gave Morgan

7250-464: The car, truck and plane displaced the railroad and ship as the transportation modes of choice in the United States. Many Hobokenites headed to the suburbs, often the close by ones in Bergen and Passaic Counties, and real-estate values declined. Hoboken sank from its earlier incarnation as a lively port town into a rundown condition and was often included in lists with other New Jersey cities experiencing

7375-401: The city being placed under martial law, and many German immigrants were forcibly moved to Ellis Island or left the city of their own accord. Hoboken became the major point of embarkation and more than three million soldiers, known as " doughboys ", passed through the city. Their hope for an early return led to General Pershing 's slogan, "Heaven, Hell or Hoboken... by Christmas." Following

7500-423: The city had seen better days, Hoboken was never abandoned. New infusions of immigrants, most notably Puerto Ricans , kept the storefronts open with small businesses and housing stock from being abandoned, but there wasn't much work to be had. Washington Street, commonly called "the avenue", was never boarded up, and the tight-knit neighborhoods remained home to many who were still proud of their city. Stevens remained

7625-556: The city have been named after him. Located on the Hudson Waterfront , the city was an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey and was home to major industries for most of the 20th century. The character of the city has changed from an artsy industrial vibe from the days when Maxwell House coffee, Lipton tea, Hostess Cupcakes, and Wonder Bread called Hoboken home, to one of trendy shops and expensive condominiums. It

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7750-424: The city was 80.82% White , 4.26% African American , 0.16% Native American , 4.31% Asian , 0.05% Pacific Islander , 7.63% from other races , and 2.78% from two or more races. Furthermore, 20.18% of residents considered themselves to be Hispanic or Latino . There were 19,418 households, out of which 11.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 23.8% were married couples living together, 9.0% had

7875-462: The city where, in concert with Hudson-Bergen Light Rail and New Jersey State land-use policy, transit villages are now being promoted. Once a blue collar town characterized by live poultry shops and drab taverns, it has since been transformed into a town filled with gourmet shops and luxury condominiums. In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused widespread flooding in Hoboken, leaving 1,700 homes flooded and causing $ 100 million in damage after

8000-697: The city, including 1.44 inches during the hour coinciding with high tide, only a few inches of standing water remains at three of the city's 277 intersections by the evening, resulting in only three towed cars, and no cancelation of any city events. In an article that November for The New York Times , Michael Kimmelman compared this to the storm's effects in New York City, whose government focused on flood walls and breakwaters , but not rainwater, resulting in several subway lines being submerged in water, and thigh-high water levels in Brooklyn streets. For this,

8125-449: The city, the Union Dry Dock. During the late 1970s and 1980s, the city witnessed a speculation spree, fueled by transplanted New Yorkers and others who bought many turn-of-the-20th-century brownstones in neighborhoods that the still solid middle and working class population had kept intact and by local and out-of-town real-estate investors who bought up late 19th century apartment houses often considered to be tenements. Hoboken experienced

8250-492: The city. The population density was 39,212.0 per square mile (15,139.8/km ). There were 26,855 housing units at an average density of 21,058.7 per square mile (8,130.8/km ). The racial makeup was 82.24% (41,124) White , 3.53% (1,767) Black or African American , 0.15% (73) Native American , 7.12% (3,558) Asian , 0.03% (15) Pacific Islander , 4.29% (2,144) from other races , and 2.65% (1,324) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 15.20% (7,602) of

8375-405: The colony was then known, were ordered back to New Amsterdam. In 1664, the English took possession of New Amsterdam with little to no resistance, and in 1668 they confirmed a previous land patent by Nicolas Verlett. In 1674–1675, the area became part of East Jersey , and the province was divided into four administrative districts, Hoboken becoming part of Bergen County , where it remained until

8500-443: The company ( German Aktiengesellschaft – AG). Crüsemann was in charge of both cargo services and passenger transport, which, as a result of emigration, was growing significantly. The company was also active in other areas, including tugboats , bathing, insurance, and ship repair (the last of which it still provides). The first office of the shipping company was located at number 13 Martinistraße in Bremen. The company started with

8625-571: The company acquired a number of German shipping companies: HABAL, the Roland Line , and Argo. The acquisition of the Roland Line brought Ernst Glässel onto the board of directors, where he was to have increasing influence. In 1926, the company were once more able to pay a dividend . American credit financed continuing expansion and orders for new ships. In 1929 and 1930, the company put its two largest ships in service, Bremen (51,656 GRT) and Europa (49,746 GRT). With an average speed of about 27.9 knots (51.7 km/h), both were to take

8750-442: The construction of two significant baseball parks enclosed by fences in Brooklyn , enabling promoters there to charge admission to games, the prominence of Elysian Fields diminished. In 1868 the leading Manhattan club, Mutual , shifted its home games to the Union Grounds in Brooklyn. In 1880, the founders of the New York Metropolitans and New York Giants finally succeeded in siting a ballpark in Manhattan that became known as

8875-423: The creation of Hudson County on February 22, 1840. English-speaking settlers (some relocating from New England) interspersed with the Dutch, but it remained sparsely populated and agrarian. Eventually, the land came into the possession of William Bayard , who originally supported the revolutionary cause, but became a Loyalist Tory after the fall of New York in 1776 when the city and surrounding areas, including

9000-443: The defeated United States team, a loss which inadvertently encouraged local players to take up baseball. Henry Chadwick believed that baseball and not cricket should become the national pastime after the game drawing the conclusion that amateur American players did not have the leisure time required to develop cricket skills to the high technical level required of professional players. Harry Wright and George Wright then became two of

9125-470: The director of NDL was Johann Georg Lohmann . He established a new policy for the company, emphasizing fast liners. Eventually H. H. Meier and Lohmann fell out over the direction of the company. In 1892, a 5,481 GRT twin-screw steamship, the company's first, was christened the H.H. Meier after the founder; this helped to heal the breach between them. During the Gründerzeit at the beginning of

9250-611: The dry-dock and production facilities were razed to make way for mid-rise apartment houses, many sold as investment condominiums, some buildings were renovated for adaptive re-use (notably the Tea Building, formerly home to Lipton Tea, and the Machine Shop, home of the Hoboken Historic Museum). Zoning requires that new construction follow the street grid and limits the height of new construction to retain

9375-540: The eastern part portion became residential apartments in 1984 (now called the Grand Adams ). The Hudson Waterfront defined Hoboken as an archetypal port town and powered its economy from the mid-19th to mid-20th century, by which time it had become essentially industrial (and mostly inaccessible to the general public). The large production plants of Lipton Tea and Maxwell House, and the drydocks of Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation and Todd Shipbuilding dominated

9500-470: The factories, some (most notably, Todd Shipyards ), offering classes and other incentives to them. Though some returning service men took advantage of GI housing bills, many with strong ethnic and familial ties chose to stay in town. During the 1950s, the economy was still driven by Todd Shipyards, Maxwell House , Lipton Tea , Hostess and Bethlehem Steel and companies with big plants were still not inclined to invest in major infrastructure elsewhere. In

9625-677: The first professional baseball players in the United States when Aaron Champion raised funds to found the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869. In 1865, the grounds hosted a championship match between the Mutual Club of New York City and the Atlantic Club of Brooklyn that was attended by an estimated 20,000 fans and captured in the Currier & Ives lithograph "The American National Game of Base Ball". With

9750-451: The freight business. In 1968 NDL inaugurated container service to the USA with the 13,384 GRT Weser-Express ; two more container ships were soon added. Around 1960, NDL had 47 ships, a number that remained almost unchanged until 1970. In 1968, the fleet totaled 343,355 GRT (in 1970, 391,313 GRT) and was the 16th largest shipping company worldwide; HAPAG, with 410,786 GRT, was

9875-403: The grid ending close to 16th near Weehawken Cove and the city line. Castle Point (or Stevens Point ), The Projects , Hoboken Terminal , and Hudson Tea are distinct enclaves at the city's periphery. The "Northwest" is a name being used for that part of the city as it transforms from its previous industrial use into a residential district. Hoboken's ZIP Code is 07030 and its area code

10000-434: The high investment costs and an international economic crisis, the shipping company celebrated at this time but also had considerable financial difficulties. Despite the financial difficulties, between 1907 and 1910 the company built a new headquarters on Papenburgstrasse in Bremen, the prestigious NDL Building to plans by architect Johann Poppe , who was also the lead interior designer for the company's liners. The building,

10125-445: The land, and he was obliged to sell his holdings back to the company in 1633. It was later acquired by Hendrick Van Vorst, who leased part of the land to Aert Van Putten, a farmer. In 1643, north of what would be later known as Castle Point, Van Putten built a house and a brewery, North America's first. In series of Indian and Dutch raids and reprisals , Van Putten was killed and his buildings destroyed, and all residents of Pavonia, as

10250-758: The largest U.S. rail company, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and so Morgan offered to divide the market. The Holland-America Line and the Red Star Line together divided a contract for the passengers of the four companies. Ruinous competition was prevented. In 1912, the Morgan Agreement was terminated. In 1907, the Norddeutscher Lloyd's fiftieth anniversary, it had 93 vessels, 51 smaller vessels, two sail training vessels and other river steamers. NDL had around 15,000 employees. Because of

10375-422: The largest in the city at the time, was in eclectic Renaissance Revival style with a tower. It was sold in 1942 to Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau and when the company was broken up into its constituent parts after World War II, passed to AG Weser . The building had been severely damaged by bombing and was demolished and a Horten department store built on the site in 1969. The adjacent new shopping mall bears

10500-409: The largest passenger group making the transatlantic crossing were immigrants from Europe to the United States, and NDL carried more than any other steamship line. During 1900–1914, the three NDL vessels carrying the most transatlantic migrants, Rhein , Main and Neckar , each brought over 100 thousand steerage passengers to New York, Baltimore and Philadelphia. The economic downturn following

10625-498: The last known such reference until twenty years later. Soon after the area became part of the province of New Netherland . In 1630, Michael Reyniersz Pauw , a burgemeester (mayor) of Amsterdam and a director of the Dutch West India Company , received a land grant as patroon on the condition that he would plant a colony of not fewer than fifty persons within four years on the west bank of what had been named

10750-686: The line followed with three further twin-screw and four-funnel steamships of the Kaiser-class , of 14,000  GRT to 19,000  GRT : SS  Kronprinz Wilhelm , SS  Kaiser Wilhelm II and SS  Kronprinzessin Cecilie . With these the company offered a regular service across the Atlantic to its docks at Hoboken, New Jersey , across the Hudson River from New York. On June 30, 1900 over 300 Dock workers and people were killed in

10875-691: The name Lloyd Passage . The lucrative North Atlantic route was extremely competitive in this period, with new, attractive ships from other large companies including the RMS ; Lusitania , Mauretania , and Aquitania , of the Cunard Line, and the RMS  Olympic , Titanic , and Britannic of the White Star Line. The HAPAG introduced three new vessels of the Imperator class , Imperator , Vaterland , and Bismarck , with

11000-487: The nineteenth century, the name was changed to Hoboken, influenced by Flemish immigrants, and a folk etymology had emerged, linking the town of Hoboken to the similarly-named Hoboken district of Antwerp . Hoboken has been nicknamed the Mile Square City, but it actually occupies about 1.25 sq mi (3.2 km ) of land. During the late 19th/early 20th century the population and culture of Hoboken

11125-542: The northern portion for many years. On June 30, 1900, a large fire at the Norddeutscher Lloyd piers killed numerous people and caused almost $ 10 million in damage. The southern portion (which had been a U.S. base of the Hamburg-American Line ) was seized by the federal government under eminent domain at the outbreak of World War I , after which it became (with the rest of the Hudson County)

11250-434: The population were under the age of 18, 12.1% from 18 to 24, 55.9% from 25 to 44, 13.5% from 45 to 64, and 6.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.2 years. For every 100 females, the population had 101.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 100.7 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income

11375-418: The population. Of the 25,041 households, 15.5% had children under the age of 18; 28.8% were married couples living together; 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present and 62.2% were non-families. Of all households, 39.7% were made up of individuals and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.93 and the average family size was 2.68. 12.2% of

11500-821: The postal service. In 1900, 14 of NDL's passenger ships were requisitioned as troop transports due to the Boxer Rebellion in China; on 27 July, Kaiser Wilhelm II delivered his infamous Hun speech , in which he compared the military of the German Empire to the Huns, at the departure ceremony for the SS Friedrich Der Grosse . This inspired Britain later, when they seized a number of German ships, to rename them to names beginning with "Hun", such as "Huntsgreen" and "Huntsend". In German, these ships were collectively named "Hunnendampfer" (Huns' steamers). At

11625-459: The predecessor of Lufthansa . In August 1920, the NDL made an agency agreement with the U.S. Mail Steamship Co. (beginning in 1921, United States Lines ). This made it possible to resume transatlantic service from Bremerhaven to New York with the former Rhein , now sailing under the US flag as the Susquehanna . The unfinished Columbus had been awarded to Great Britain after the war and

11750-503: The same or similar names This article includes a list of ships with the same or similar names. If an internal link for a specific ship led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended ship article, if one exists. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SS_Scharnhorst&oldid=1062297248 " Categories : Set index articles on ships Ship names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

11875-485: The same phenomenon, such as Paterson , Elizabeth , Camden , and neighboring Jersey City . The old economic underpinnings were gone and nothing new seemed to be on the horizon. Attempts were made to stabilize the population by demolishing the so-called slums along River Street and build subsidized middle-income housing at Marineview Plaza, and in midtown, at Church Towers. Heaps of long uncollected garbage and roving packs of semi-wild dogs were not uncommon sights. Though

12000-565: The serpentine rock found there to carve pipes. The first recorded European to lay claim to the area was Henry Hudson , an Englishman sailing for the Dutch East India Company , who anchored his ship the Halve Maen ( Half Moon ) at Weehawken Cove on October 2, 1609. An entry made in the journal of Hudson's mate, Robert Juet, on that date, is the earliest known reference to the area today known as Hoboken, and would be

12125-613: The shipping company a meeting at the Bremer Ratskeller. This event was very popular, so it was decided to carry out in the following years further meetings. – Meanwhile, the meetings take place annually on the twentieth of February in Bremen in the former Lloyd's building – today Courtyard Marriott hotel. This is a list of all ships in service of the NDL. Some of the ships were owned previously by other companies. Hoboken, New Jersey Hoboken ( / ˈ h oʊ b oʊ k ən / HOH -boh-kən ; Unami : Hupokàn )

12250-489: The so-called " Rivers-class " (all named for German rivers), were introduced to serve the North Atlantic trade. In 1885, the NDL won the commission to provide postal service between the German Empire and Australia and the Far East. The associated subsidy underwrote further expansion, beginning with the first large-scale order placed with a German shipyard, for three mail steamships for the major routes and three smaller steamships for branch service from AG Vulcan Stettin . It

12375-489: The socioeconomic possibilities and challenges of a bankrupt New York and who valued the aesthetics of Hoboken's residential, civic and commercial architecture, its sense of community, and relatively (compared to Lower Manhattan) less expensive rents, all a quick, train hop away. These trends in development resembled similar growth and change patterns in Brooklyn and downtown Jersey City and Manhattan's East Village —and to

12500-524: The south and west. Directly across the Hudson River are the Manhattan , New York City neighborhoods of the West Village and Chelsea . Hoboken is laid out in a grid . North–south streets are named (Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Jackson, Harrison, and Clinton, for example). The numbered streets running east–west start two blocks north of Observer Highway with First Street, with

12625-687: The start of the NDL extremely difficult, and the company took losses until 1859. In the succeeding years, passenger connections to Baltimore and New Orleans were added to the schedule, and the company first rented and then in 1869 bought facilities on the waterfront in Hoboken, New Jersey . In 1867–1868, NDL began a partnership with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad , which initiated the Baltimore Line ; until 1978, this had its own ships. In 1869, Crüsemann died at only 43 years old. From 1877 to 1892,

12750-552: The storm "filled up Hoboken like a bathtub", leaving the city without electricity for days, and requiring the summoning of the National Guard . Workers in Hoboken had the highest rate of public transportation use in the nation, with 56% commuting daily via mass transit. Hurricane Sandy caused seawater to flood half the city, crippling the PATH station at Hoboken Terminal when more than 10 million gallons of water dumped into

12875-454: The system. In December 2013 Mayor Dawn Zimmer testified before a U.S. Senate Committee on the impact the storm had on Hoboken's businesses and residents, and in January 2014 she stated that Lieutenant Governor Kim Guadagno and Richard Constable, a member of governor Chris Christie 's cabinet, deliberately held back Hurricane Sandy relief funds from the city in order to pressure her to approve

13000-493: The total population, 23.6% of those under the age of 18 and 20.7% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. The city is a bedroom community of New York City, where most of its employed residents work. Based on the 2000 Census Worker Flow Files, about 53% of the employed residents of Hoboken (13,475 out of 25,306) worked in one of the five boroughs of New York City, as opposed to about 15% working within Hoboken. The first centrally air-conditioned public space in

13125-582: The town grew in population and employment, many of Hoboken's residents saw a need to incorporate as a full-fledged city, and in a referendum held on March 29, 1855, ratified an Act of the New Jersey Legislature signed the previous day, and the City of Hoboken was born. In the subsequent election, Cornelius V. Clickener became Hoboken's first mayor . On March 15, 1859, the Township of Weehawken

13250-651: The war, Italians , mostly stemming from the Adriatic port city of Molfetta , became the city's major ethnic group, with the Irish also having a strong presence. While the city experienced the Great Depression , jobs in the ships yards and factories were still available, and the tenements were bustling. Middle-European Jews, mostly German-speaking, also made their way to the city and established small businesses. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , which

13375-614: The west bank of the renamed Hudson River, were occupied by the British. At the end of the Revolutionary War , Bayard's property was confiscated by the Revolutionary Government of New Jersey. In 1784, the land described as "William Bayard's farm at Hoebuck" was bought at auction by Colonel John Stevens for £18,360 (then $ 90,000). In the early 19th century, Colonel John Stevens developed the waterfront as

13500-543: The westbound passage from Cherbourg to New York and Kaiser Wilhelm II at 23.58 kn (27.14 mph; 43.67 km/h) on the eastbound passage. In 1907, RMS  Lusitania , and then in 1909, RMS  Mauretania , both of the British Cunard Line, won the Blue Riband back for the British, and Mauretania then retained it until 1929. Between 1894 and 1908, NDL ordered many other freight and passenger steamships from several German yards. These included

13625-634: The world. However, most ships were able to reach neutral ports. The logistical operations of NDL in Bremerhaven were placed almost exclusively at the service of the German Navy. NDL owned a majority interest in the Deutsche Ozean-Reederei ("German Ocean Shipping Service"), which used U-boats for trade and made some successful Atlantic crossings. At the start of the war, the NDL's fleet totaled more than 900,000 GRT. Under

13750-426: Was $ 101,782 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 3,219) and the median family income was $ 121,614 (+/− $ 18,466). Males had a median income of $ 90,878 (+/− $ 6,412) versus $ 67,331 (+/− $ 3,710) for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 69,085 (+/− $ 3,335). About 9.6% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 20.7% of those under age 18 and 24.4% of those age 65 or over. As of

13875-411: Was 30 years. For every 100 females, age 18 and over, there were 103.9 males. The median income for a household in the city as of the 2000 census was $ 62,550, while the median income for a family was $ 67,500. Males had a median income of $ 54,870 versus $ 46,826 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 43,195. 11.0% of the population and 10.0% of families were below the poverty line . Out of

14000-504: Was Director General. He held this position until 1909, and presided over appreciable expansion. In 1897, with the commissioning of Kaiser Wilhelm der Große , the NDL finally had a major ship for the North Atlantic. This was the largest and fastest ship in the world, and the company benefited from the reputation advantage of the Blue Riband for the fastest Atlantic crossing, with an average speed of 22.3 knots. Between 1897 and 1907,

14125-525: Was bought in 1920 by White Star, which had lost significant tonnage in the war and also wished to make up for the pre-war loss of the Titanic . Work at Danzig proceeded very slowly. Finally in autumn 1921 the so-called Columbus Agreement was reached, under which the German government and NDL undertook to facilitate rapid completion of the Columbus in exchange for the British government returning ownership to

14250-543: Was created from portions of Hoboken and North Bergen Township. Based on a bequest from Edwin A. Stevens , Stevens Institute of Technology was founded at Castle Point in 1870, at the site of the Stevens family 's former estate, as the nation's first mechanical engineering college. By the late 19th century, shipping lines were using Hoboken as a terminal port, and the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (later

14375-672: Was dominated by German language speakers who sometimes called it "Little Bremen", many of whom are buried in Hoboken Cemetery, North Bergen . Hoboken was originally an island which was surrounded by the Hudson River on the east and tidal lands at the foot of the New Jersey Palisades on the west. It was a seasonal campsite in the territory of the Hackensack , a phratry of the Lenni Lenape , who used

14500-578: Was either lost during the war or awarded to the Allies as reparations. Columbus had to be sunk in 1939; Bremen burned in 1941; Steuben was sunk in the Baltic in 1945 with the loss of some 4,000 lives; Europa , claimed by France, became the Liberté in 1947. The Reich was the primary stockholder in the company, but in 1941/42, NDL was once more privatized and cigarette manufacturer Philipp Reemtsma became primary stockholder. Dr. Johannes Kulenkampff ,

14625-543: Was established on April 30, 1921, oversaw the development of the Holland Tunnel (completed in 1927) and the Lincoln Tunnel (in 1937), allowing for easier vehicular travel between New Jersey and New York City, bypassing the waterfront. The war facilitated economic growth in Hoboken, as the many industries located in the city were crucial to the war effort. As men went off to battle, more women were hired in

14750-659: Was in fact a requirement of the commission that the ships be built in Germany. By 1890, with 66 ships of a total 251,602 GRT, NDL was the second largest shipping company in the world, after the British Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company , with 48 ships of a total 251,603 GRT, and dominated shipping to Germany, with 31.6% of the traffic. NDL was also carrying more transatlantic passengers to New York than any other company, due to its dominance in steerage , which consisted mostly of immigrants. In cabin class, it carried only slightly more passengers than

14875-491: Was intercepted off Montevideo by HMS  Newcastle and scuttled by her crew. In 1939 NDL had in service 70 vessels with a total of 562,371 GRT, including the sail training vessel Kommodore Johnsen (now the Russian STS Sedov ), 3 daytrip ships, 19 tugs and 125 small ships, and employed 12,255, 8,811 on vessels. Nine further freighters were completed after the outbreak of World War II. This entire fleet

15000-410: Was leveled as part of an urban renewal project. Though control of the confiscated area had been returned to the city in the 1950s, complex lease agreements with the Port Authority gave it little influence on its management. In the 1980s, the waterfront dominated Hoboken politics, with various civic groups and the city government engaging in sometimes nasty, sometimes absurd politics and court cases. By

15125-544: Was ranked 2nd in Niche 's "2019 Best Places to Live in Hudson County" list and 1st in 2022 The name Hoboken was chosen by Colonel John Stevens when he bought land, on a part of which the city still sits. The Lenape , later called Delaware Indian tribe of Native Americans , referred to the area as the "land of the tobacco pipe", most likely to refer to the soapstone collected there to carve tobacco pipes , and used

15250-676: Was significant new competition from new Italian, French and British superliners: the Italian Rex (51,062 GRT) and Conte di Savoia (48,502 GRT), the French Normandie (79,280 GRT), and the British Queen Mary (80,744 GRT). The 1929 economic crisis which began in the US affected the German shipping companies. The NDL and the HAPAG therefore entered into a cooperation agreement in 1930, and beginning in 1935, instituted joint operations in

15375-408: Was succeeded by Director Phillip Heineken until 1920. This is a list of routes served by NDL in 1907. Europe – America Mediterranean Europe – Asia/Australia Asia / Australia (including coastal routes) German coast For NDL as a civilian shipping line, the beginning of World War I was a trial, as well as a logistical challenge because a large part of the fleet was at sea around

15500-534: Was the 781-ton Grüß Gott . From 1920 to 1939, NDL participated in the Seedienst Ostpreußen passenger and goods service to East Prussia . In 1920, an air transport subsidiary was founded and soon merged with Sablatnig Flugzeugbau GmbH to form Lloyd Luftverkehr Sablatnig. In 1923 this combined with HAPAG's air transport subsidiary to form Deutscher Aero Lloyd, which on 6 January 1926 merged with Junkers Luftverkehr AG to become Deutsche Luft Hansa A.G.,

15625-556: Was to have filled her coal bunkers for the homeward passage to Europe. She then headed for the subantarctic Auckland Islands , where she successfully evaded the cruiser HMNZS  Leander , and re-stocked with food and wood. The freighter then made a desperate and successful escape, using jury-rigged sails, to Valparaíso , Chile, in South America. She then made her way into the South Atlantic where, on 24 July 1941, she

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