Misplaced Pages

#32967

71-563: Built for the 1900 Exposition Universelle ("universal exhibition"), it now houses the City of Paris Museum of Fine Arts ( Musée des beaux-arts de la ville de Paris ). The Petit Palais is located across from the Grand Palais on the former Avenue Nicolas II, today Avenue Winston-Churchill. The other façades of the building face the Seine and Avenue des Champs-Élysées . The Petit Palais

142-529: A 550 square metres (5,900 sq ft) pavilion resembling a church, in the Serbo-Byzantine style whose main architect was Milan Kapetanović from Belgrade , in cooperation with architect Milorad Ruvidić . Serbia presented numerous products at the exposition, such as wine, food, fabrics, minerals and won a total of 19 gold, 69 silver and 98 bronze medals. Some of the Serbian fine art on display were

213-399: A collection: the outer galleries for objects, the inner, skylit ones for paintings, the lower galleries for reserves and the entrance rotunda and main gallery for sculptures". The entrance rotunda and main gallery was especially grand. The floors were tiled with mosaics, the walls were lined with marble, whereas the dome and vaults were filled with allegorical paintings. The exhibits housed in

284-565: A giant peacock spreading its tail. The central tower was crowned by an enormous illuminated star and a chariot carrying a statue of the Spirit of Electricity 6.5 metres (21 ft) high, holding aloft a torch powered by 50,000 volts of electricity, provided by the steam engines and generators inside the Palace. Electrical lighting was used extensively to keep the Fair open well into the night. Producing

355-828: A metal frame and were designed in an architectural style that represented a period in the country's history, often imitating famous national monuments. At the Rue des Nations, on the left bank of the Seine, on the Quai d'Orsay , overlooking the river, from the Pont des Invalides towards the Pont de l'Alma , were located the national pavilions of Italy, Turkey, the United States, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Great Britain, Belgium, Norway, Germany, Spain, Monaco, Sweden, Greece, Serbia and Mexico. Behind them, in second line, were located

426-568: A mock- Jacobean mansion designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens that was decorated with pictures and furniture. The furnishings designed by Nellie Whichelo included hangings that were more than 12 by 13 feet (3.7 by 4.0 m), which had taken 56 ladies six weeks to embroider. The pavilion was largely used for receptions for important visitors to the exposition. The German pavilion was the tallest, at 76 metres (249 ft), designed by Johannes Radke and built of wood and stained glass. However, most of

497-556: A recreation of a riverside village from Laos . The Netherlands displayed the exotic culture of its crown colony, the Dutch East Indies . The pavilion displayed a faithful reconstruction of 8th-century Sari temple and also Indonesian vernacular architecture of Rumah Gadang from Minangkabau , West Sumatra. Dutuit Collection Eugène Dutuit (7 April 1807 – 25 June 1886) was a French politician and art collector who also wrote several works on art history. Dutuit

568-714: A seafront colonnade at Ostend ". The Petit Palais has served as a model for other public buildings, notably for the Royal Museum for Central Africa located in Tervuren , Belgium; and the Museo de Bellas Artes (National Museum of Fine Arts) in Santiago , Chile. Exposition Universelle (1900) The Exposition Universelle of 1900 ( French pronunciation: [ɛkspozisjɔ̃ ynivɛʁsɛl] ), better known in English as

639-523: A wide selection of exotic marine life. The Palace of Electricity and the adjoining Water Castle ( Chateau d'Eau ), designed by architects Eugène Hénard and Edmond Paulin , were among the most popular sights. The Palace of Electricity was built partly incorporating architectural elements of the old Palace of the Champ de Mars from the 1889 Exposition. The Palace was enormous, 420 metres (1,380 ft) long and 60 metres (200 ft) wide, and its form suggested

710-460: Is also a relatively small but important collection of ancient Greek and Roman art and of Christian icons for which the museums's first and only 21st-century artwork was acquired in 2019 ( Les Martyrs de Libye by Nikola Sarić ). As a whole the architecture of the 1900 Exhibition was not well received however, reactions to the Petit Palais were generally positive. Some people even claimed that

781-626: Is facing the Grand Palais , was designed by Charles Girault . Much like the Grand Palais , the facade is Beaux-Arts and Neo-Baroque, reminiscent of the Grand Trianon and the stable at Chantilly. The interior offers examples of Art Nouveau, particularly in the railings of the curving stairways, the tiles of the floors, the stained glass, and the murals on the ceiling of the arcade around the garden. The entrance murals were painted by Paul-Albert Besnard and Paul Albert Laurens . During

SECTION 10

#1732776569033

852-472: Is one of fourteen museums of the City of Paris that have been incorporated since 1 January 2013 in the public corporation Paris Musées . It has been listed since 1975 as a monument historique by the Ministry of Culture . In 1894 a competition was held for the 1900 Exhibition area. The Palais de l'Industrie from the 1855 World's Fair was considered unfitting and was to be replaced by something new for

923-611: The 1900 Paris Exposition , was a world's fair held in Paris , France , from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. It was the sixth of ten major expositions held in the city between 1855 and 1937. It was held at the esplanade of Les Invalides , the Champ de Mars , the Trocadéro and at the banks of the Seine between them, with an additional section in

994-692: The Bois de Vincennes , and it was visited by more than fifty million people. Many international congresses and other events were held within the framework of the exposition, including the 1900 Summer Olympics . Many technological innovations were displayed at the Fair, including the Grande Roue de Paris ferris wheel , the Rue de l'Avenir moving sidewalk , the first ever regular passenger trolleybus line, escalators , diesel engines , electric cars , dry cell batteries , electric fire engines , talking films ,

1065-590: The Boxer Rebellion and held them for several weeks until an expeditionary force from the Eight-Nation Alliance arrived and recaptured the city. During the disruption at the Fair, a Chinese procession was attacked by angered Parisians. The Korean pavilion, designed by Eugène Ferret, was mostly stocked by French Oriental collectors, including Victor Collin de Plancy , with a supplement of Korean goods from Korea. One object of note on display

1136-630: The Dutch East Indies , British Canada, Ceylon , India and Western Australia and the Portuguese colonies. The site of the exposition covered 112 hectares (280 acres) along the left and right banks of the Seine from the esplanade of Les Invalides to the Eiffel Tower (built for the 1889 Exposition) at the Champ de Mars . It also included the Grand Palais and Petit Palais on the right bank. An additional section of 104 hectares (260 acres) for agricultural exhibits and other structures

1207-704: The Dutuit Collection of medieval and Renaissance paintings, drawings and objets d'art ; the Tuck Collection of 18th century furniture and the City of Paris collection of paintings. The museum displays paintings by painters such as Rembrandt , Rubens , Nicolas Poussin , Claude Gellée , Fragonard , Hubert Robert , Greuze and a remarkable collection of 19th-century painting and sculpture: Ingres , Géricault , Delacroix , Courbet , Monet , Sisley , Pissarro , Cézanne , Danger , Modigliani , Carpeaux , Maillol and Rodin , among others. There

1278-569: The Gare d'Orsay railroad station and the Paris Métro Line 1 with its entrances by Hector Guimard ; all of them remaining today, including two original canopied entrances by Guimard. The first international exposition was held in London in 1851 . The French Emperor Napoleon III attended and was deeply impressed. He commissioned the first Paris Universal Exposition of 1855 . Its purpose

1349-473: The Grand Palais housed the Exposition décennale des beaux-arts de 1889 à 1900 with the paintings of French artists in the north wing, the paintings of artists from other countries in the south wing and the sculptures in the central hall, with some outdoor sculptures nearby. The Palais d'Antin, or west wing, housed the Exposition centennale de l'art français de 1800 à 1889 . The Petit Palais , that

1420-473: The Grand Palais . Its ionic columns , grand porch, and dome echo those of the Invalides across the river. The tympanum depicting the city of Paris surrounded by muses is the work of sculptor Jean Antoine Injalbert . The Petit Palais was built to be a lasting building that would become a permanent fine arts museum after the exhibition. The materials of the building—stone, steel and concrete as well as

1491-498: The Great Paris Exposition Telescope , which enlarged the image of the moon ten thousand times. The image was projected on a screen 144 square metres (1,550 sq ft) in size, in a hall which seated two thousand visitors. This telescope was the largest refracting telescope at that time. The optical tube assembly was 60 metres (200 ft) long and 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) in diameter, and

SECTION 20

#1732776569033

1562-552: The Place de la Concorde , was the main entrance of the exposition. The architect of the monument overall was René Binet , although many others contributed to the constituent parts. His overall design was inspired by the biological studies of Ernst Haeckel . It was composed of towering polychrome ceramic decoration in Byzantine motifs, crowned by a statue 6.5 metres (21 ft) high called La Parisienne . Unlike classical statues, she

1633-547: The Sèvres Porcelain manufactory . After the exposition it was moved to the wall of Square Felix-Déésroulles, next to the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés , where it can be seen today. The Palace of Furniture and Decoration was particularly lavish and presented many displays of the new Art Nouveau style. The Palace of Agriculture and Food was inside the former Galerie des machines , an enormous iron-framed building from

1704-675: The telegraphone (the first magnetic audio recorder), the galalith and the matryoshka dolls . It also brought international attention to the Art Nouveau style. Additionally, it showcased France as a major colonial power through numerous pavilions built on the hill of the Trocadéro Palace. Major structures built for the exposition include the Grand Palais , the Petit Palais , the Pont Alexandre III ,

1775-527: The 15th and 18th centuries from the Royal Collections were exhibited. The pavilion basement housed a Spanish-themed café-restaurant, named La Feria , that was the first restaurant in History with a completely electric kitchen. Sweden's yellow and red structure covered in pine shingles drew attention with its bright colours. It was designed by Ferdinand Boberg . Serbia presented itself with

1846-476: The 1855 Exposition. It was the work of two architects, Henri Deglane for the main body of the building, and Albert Thomas for the west wing, or Palais d'Antin. The iron frame of the Grand Palais was quite modern for its time; it appeared light, but in fact, it used 9,000 tonnes (8,900 long tons; 9,900 short tons) of metal, compared with seven thousand for the construction of the Eiffel Tower. The facade

1917-548: The 1889 Exposition. Its most popular feature was the Champagne Palace, offering displays and samples of French Champagne . Fifty-six countries were invited to the exposition, and forty accepted. The Rue des Nations was created along the banks of the Seine between the esplanade of Les Invalides and the Champ de Mars for the national pavilions of the larger countries. Each country paid for its own pavilion. The pavilions were all temporary, made of plaster and staff on

1988-510: The 1900 Exhibition. Architects had the option to do what they pleased (alter, destroy, or keep) with the Palais de l'Industrie. In the end, Charles Girault won the competition and built the Petit Palais as one of the buildings that replaced the Palais de l'Industrie. The construction of the Petit Palais began on 10 October 1897 and was completed in April 1900. The total cost of the Petit Palais at

2059-618: The Austro-Hungarian domains in the Balkans, Bosnia and Herzegovina, offered displays on their lifestyles, consisting of folklore traditions, highlighting peasanthood and the embroidery goods produced in the country. Designed by Karl Panek, it featured murals on the history of Slavic peoples by Alphonse Mucha . The pavilion of Hungary was designed by Zoltán Bálint and Lajos Jámbor. Its cupola displayed agricultural produce and hunting equipment. The British Royal pavilion consisted of

2130-697: The Caribbean, the Pacific and Southeast Asia. These pavilions featured traditional architecture of the countries and displays of local products mixed with modern electric lighting, motion pictures, dioramas, and guides, soldiers, and musicians in local costumes. The French Caribbean islands promoted their rum and other products, while the French colony of New Caledonia highlighted its exotic varieties of wood and its rich mineral deposits. The North African French colonies were especially present; The Tunisian pavilion

2201-431: The Fair participated under a joint "International Section". Among the colonies and protectorates present in the Fair were French Algeria , Cambodia , Congo , Dahomey , Guadeloupe , Guiana , Guinea , India , Indochina , Ivory Coast , Laos , Madagascar , Martinique , Mayotte , New Caledonia , Oceania , Réunion , Senegal , Somaliland , Sudan , Tonkin , Tunisia , West Africa , Saint Pierre and Miquelon ,

Petit Palais - Misplaced Pages Continue

2272-596: The Fair, the Petit Palais housed the Exposition rétrospective de l'art français des origines à 1800 . The industrial and commercial exhibits were located inside several large palaces on the esplanade between les Invalides and the Alexander III Bridge. One of the largest and most ornate was the Palais des Manufactures Nationale, whose facade included a colorful ceramic gateway, designed by sculptor Jules Coutan and architect Charles Risler and made by

2343-653: The German presence at the exposition was in the commercial pavilions, where they had important displays of German technology and machinery, as well as models of German steamships and a full-scale model of a German lighthouse. The Royal Pavilion of Spain was designed in Neo-Plateresque style by José Urioste Velada. It housed the Retrospective Exhibition of Spanish Art formed by the collection of tapestries, in which thirty-seven pieces made between

2414-483: The Grand Palais and the Petit Palais for the fine arts exhibitions. The 83,047 French and foreign exhibitors at the Fair were divided into eighteen groups based on their subject matter, which in turn were divided into 121 classes, and based on the class to which they belonged, they were allocated in the corresponding official thematic pavilion. Each thematic pavilion was divided into national sections, which were

2485-505: The Netherlands, Great Britain, and Portugal. Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Hungary participated as independent nations, although belonging to Austria-Hungary at that time. Finland , although having a national pavilion located at the Rue des Nations, officially participated as part of Russia. Egypt , also with an own pavilion, participated as part of Turkey . The few exhibitors from countries without an official presence at

2556-589: The Palace of Optics, was an extremely popular exhibition. It was a large hall which used mirrors and electric lighting to create a show of colorful and bizarre optical illusions. It was preserved after the exposition in the Musée Grévin . Another scientific attraction was the aquarium, the largest in the world at the time, viewed from an underground gallery 722 metres (2,369 ft) long. The water tanks were each 38 metres (125 ft) long, 18 metres (59 ft) wide and 6.5 metres (21 ft) deep, and contained

2627-581: The Paris bridges at the time, it was constructed on a single arch of steel 108 metres (354 ft) long. Though it was named after the Russian Czar, the themes of the decoration were almost entirely French. At the ends, the bridge was supported by four massive stone pylons 13 metres (43 ft) high, decorated with statues of the Renomées (The Renowned), female figures with trumpets, and gilded statues of

2698-525: The Petit Palais during the Exhibition displayed the History of Art from the beginning until the present era. The History of French Art from 1800–1900 showed the stages of growth. The inner gallery of Petit Palais exhibited "priceless treasures in ivory, tapestry, metal work, jewelry, and porcelain gathered from the most important collections of France". The outer gallery was a collection of royal French furniture. The exhibits are divided into sections:

2769-583: The Petit Palais had the "power to educate the mind while it pleases the senses". King Leopold II of Belgium was very impressed with Girault's execution of the Petit Palais. This admiration started a "fruitful collaboration between monarch and architect". Girault was commissioned to build several structures including: "the Arcade du Cinquantenaire in Brussels , extensions at the Royal Castle of Laeken , and

2840-588: The Prussian invasion of 1870–71, which allowed him to make art contacts in England, especially in the Burlington Fine Arts Club of London. He signed in 1877 with the publisher A. Levy for publishing his L'Amateur Manual D'Estampes , a dictionary of prints, and also for a catalogue raisonné of Rembrandt . Though both brothers worked on the collection, it was Auguste who actually wrote

2911-444: The courtyard and bordering covered gallery. Although the courtyard is in the central part of the Petit Palais, one of the main structures of the Exhibition, its purpose was to provide visitors with a relaxing space apart from the busy Exposition. The museum is split into two levels with two series of rooms running parallel and juxtaposed. The interior of the Petit Palais was designed to create exhibition spaces "suited to every aspect of

Petit Palais - Misplaced Pages Continue

2982-439: The decoration were to demonstrate that the Petit Palais was built to be enduring. The main façade of the building faces the Grand Palais . The focal point of the façade is the central entrance: "a central archway set in an archivolt topped by a dome and reached by a broad set of steps". Two wings flank the main entrance. These wings, continuing to the end (corner) pavilions, are embellished with free-standing columns that frame

3053-408: The design to the execution. The plan was original and fit perfectly in its given location. The Petit Palais is a trapezoid shape with its larger side as the main façade facing the Grand Palais . The building's shape makes a semi-circular courtyard at the center. The Beaux-Arts style Petit Palais was designed by Charles Girault , and is around an octi-circular courtyard and garden, similar to

3124-547: The exterior decoration of the building. The trapezoidal shape of the Petit Palace forms an open area at the centre of the building. This enclosed area creates a semicircular, peristyled courtyard. The architecture of the courtyard incorporated many different architectural elements. The elegant courtyard is considered Beaux Arts style because of the "symmetrical composition" and "rich decoration in high relief". Coupled columns made of pink Vosges granite and gilt-bronze encircle

3195-835: The horse Pegasus . At the base of the pedestals are allegorical statues representing the France of Charlemagne, the France of the Renaissance, the France of Louis XIV and France in 1900. The Russian element was in the center, with statuary of the Nymphs of the Neva River holding a gilded seal of the Russian Empire. At the same time that the Pont Alexander III was built, a similar bridge, the Trinity Bridge

3266-547: The light for the exposition consumed 200,000 kilograms (440,000 lb) of oil an hour. The facade of the Palace and the Water Castle, across from it, were lit by an additional 7,200 incandescent lamps and seventeen arc lamps. Visitors could go inside to see the steam-powered generators which provided electricity for the buildings of the exposition. The Water castle, facing the Palace of Electricity, had an equally imposing appearance. It had two large domes, between which

3337-506: The painting The Proclamation of Dušan's Law Codex by Paja Jovanović and Monument to heroes of Kosovo by Đorđe Jovanović , which stands today in Kruševac . The pavilion of Finland, designed by Gesellius, Lindgren, Saarinen , had clean-cut, modern architecture. Russia had an imposing presence on the Trocadéro hill. The Russian pavilion, designed by Robert Meltzer, was inspired by

3408-448: The pavilions of Denmark, Portugal, Peru, Persia, Finland, Luxembourg, Bulgaria and Romania. The other nations were located elsewhere in the exposition site. In addition to their own national pavilion, the countries managed other spaces at the Fair. The industrial, commercial, scientific and cultural exhibitors of each country were distributed among the national sections of the different official thematic pavilions. The pavilion of Turkey

3479-449: The responsibility of the corresponding country and where its exhibitors were located. Some country with a strong presence in a specific sector, at its own request, was even granted a plot adjoining to the main building to build a small pavilion to house its exhibitors. Twenty-one of the thirty-three official pavilions were devoted to technology and the sciences. Among the most popular was the Palace of Optics, whose main attractions included

3550-432: The tall windows. The exterior of the pavilions are embellished with arched windows from the side around to the rear façades. These grand windows provide side lighting for the outer three galleries of the interior museum. The exterior of the Petit Palais was embellished with many contemporary sculptures. Several famous sculptors at the time, such as Convers, Desvergens, Fagel, Ferrary, Hugues, Injalbert and Peynot, worked on

3621-444: The time of the construction was 400,000 pounds. In 1902, the Petit Palais officially became the Palais des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris. Girault largely draws on the late 17th and early 18th century French style for the Petit Palais. Additionally his work, such as the domed central porch and the triple arcade, has many references to the stables at Chantilly, Oise . Girault's plan for the Petit Palais had minimal alterations from

SECTION 50

#1732776569033

3692-782: The towers of the Kremlin and had exhibits and architecture presenting artistic treasures from Samarkand , Bukhara and other Russian dependencies in Central Asia . The Chinese pavilion, designed by Louis Masson-Détourbet, was in the form of a Buddhist temple with staff in Chinese traditional dress. This pavilion suffered some disruption in August 1900, when anti-Western rebels seized the International delegations in Beijing in

3763-619: The turn of the century. The exhibit included a statuette of Frederick Douglass , four bound volumes of nearly 400 official patents by African Americans, photographs from several educational institutions ( Fisk University , Howard University , Roger Williams University , Tuskegee Institute , Claflin University , Berea College , North Carolina A&T ), and, most memorably, some five hundred photographs of African-American men and women, homes, churches, businesses and landscapes including photographs from Thomas E. Askew . The pavilions of

3834-563: The works that were published. At the end of his life Eugène wanted to make the local Hotel de Bourgtheroulde in Rouen into a museum housing the collection, but this was not finalized before his death there where today a street bears his name. On the death of his brother Auguste Jean-Baptiste in 1902, who had been living in Rome, their collection of works of art was surprisingly bequeathed to the City of Paris rather than Rouen. Their collection formed

3905-416: Was a gigantic fountain, circulating 100,000 litres (22,000 imp gal; 26,000 US gal) of water a minute. Thanks to the power from Palace of Electricity, the fountain was illuminated at night by continually changing colored lights. The Grand Palais , officially the Grand Palais des beaux-arts et des arts decoratifs , was built on the right bank upon the site of the Palace of Industry of

3976-420: Was a miniature recreation of the Sidi Mahrez Mosque of Tunis . Algeria , Sudan , Dahomey , Guinea and the other French African colonies presented pavilions based on their traditional religious architecture and marketplaces, with guides in costume. The French colonies of Indochina , Tonkin and Cambodia also had an impressive presence, with recreations of pagodas and palaces, musicians and dancers, and

4047-405: Was adorned with Byzantine motifs and Persian ceramic ornamentation, but the true inspiration behind the piece was not of cultural background. Binet sought inspiration from science, tucking the vertebrae of a dinosaur, the cells of a beehive, rams, peacocks, and poppies into the design alongside other animalistic stimuli. The Gateway, like the exposition buildings, was intended to be temporary, and

4118-474: Was an essential link of the exposition, connecting the pavilions and palaces on the left and right banks of the Seine. It was named after Czar Alexander III of Russia , who had died in 1894, and celebrated the recent alliance between France and Russia. The foundation stone was laid by his son, Czar Nicholas II in 1896, and the bridge was finished in 1900. It was the work of engineers Jean Resal and Amédée D'Alby and architect Gaston Cousin. The widest and longest of

4189-544: Was born in Marseille as the son of a cotton merchant, but grew up in Rouen , where he studied law and lived most of his life. He traveled to the Netherlands in 1826 where he visited museums and began collecting prints, six hundred of which he later donated in 1845 to the library of Rouen. He was elected member of the Academy of Sciences, Literature and Arts of Rouen in 1846 and became deputy mayor there from 1846 to 1874. In 1852 he and his brother Auguste and sister Heloise inherited their father's fortune. He moved to Brighton in

4260-401: Was brightly illuminated at night by 3,200 light bulbs and an additional forty arc lamps. Forty thousand visitors an hour could pass beneath the arch to approach the twenty-six ticket booths. Above the ticket booth windows, the names of provincial cities were inscribed, symbolically enacting a hierarchical relation between Paris and the provinces. The structure of the entrance tower as a whole

4331-420: Was built in Saint-Petersburg, and was dedicated to French-Russian friendship by French President Félix Faure . To house the industrial, commercial, scientific, technological and cultural exhibitions, the French organization built huge thematic pavilions on the esplanade of Les Invalides and the Champ de Mars and reused the Galerie des machines from the 1889 Exposition. On the other bank of the Seine, they built

SECTION 60

#1732776569033

4402-470: Was built in the Bois de Vincennes . The total area of the exposition, 216 hectares (530 acres), was ten times larger than the 1855 Exposition. The exposition buildings were meant to be temporary; they were built on iron frames covered with plaster and staff , a kind of inexpensive artificial stone. Many of the buildings were unfinished when the exposition opened, and most were demolished immediately after it closed. The Porte Monumentale de Paris, located on

4473-456: Was completed. President Carnot died shortly before it was completed. Though many of the buildings were not finished, the exposition was opened on 14 April 1900 by President Émile Loubet . Countries from around the world were invited by France to showcase their achievements and cultures. Of the fifty-six countries invited to participate with official representation, forty accepted, plus an additional number of colonies and protectorates of France,

4544-494: Was demolished as soon as the exposition was finished. The ceramic frieze depicting the workers of the exposition was designed by Anatole Guillot, an academic sculptor. The workers frieze was preserved by the head of the ceramics firm that made it, Émile Müller, and moved to what is now Parc Müller in the town of Breuillet, Essonne . The workers were situated above a frieze of animals designed by sculptor Paul Jouve and executed by ceramicist Alexandre Bigot . The Pont Alexandre III

4615-449: Was designed by a French architect, Adrien-René Dubuisson, and was a mixture of copies of Islamic architecture from mosques in Istanbul and elsewhere in the Ottoman Empire. Turkey managed 4,000 square metres (43,000 sq ft) of exhibition space at the Fair. The United States pavilion was modest, a variation on the United States Capitol Building designed by Charles Allerton Coolidge and Georges Morin-Goustiaux. The main U.S. presence

4686-464: Was dressed in modern Paris fashion. La Parisienne was executed by sculptor Paul Moreau-Vauthier who collaborated with Paris' pre-eminiment haute couturier of the day, Jeanne Paquin , who designed the figure's fashionable attire. Below the statue was a sculptural prow of a boat, the symbol of Paris, and friezes depicting the workers who built the exposition. The central arch was flanked by two slender, candle-like towers, resembling minarets. The gateway

4757-439: Was fixed in place due to its mass. Light from the sky was sent into the tube by a movable 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) mirror. Another very popular feature of the Palace of Optics was the giant kaleidoscope , which attracted three million visitors. Other features of the optics pavilion included demonstrations of X-rays and dancers performing in phosphorescent costumes. The Palais des Illusions (Palace of Illusions), adjoining

4828-433: Was in the commercial and industrial palaces. One unusual aspect of the U.S. presence was The Exhibit of American Negroes at the Palace of Social Economy, a joint project of Daniel Murray , the Assistant Librarian of Congress, Thomas J. Calloway , a lawyer and the primary organizer of the exhibit, and W. E. B. Du Bois . The goal of the exhibition was to demonstrate progress and commemorate the lives of African Americans at

4899-412: Was in the ornate Beaux-Arts style or Neo-Baroque style. The more modern interior iron framework, huge skylights and stairways offered decorative elements in the new Art Nouveau style, particularly in the railings of the staircase, which were intricately woven in fluid, organic forms. During the Fair, the interior served as the setting for the exhibitions of paintings and sculptures. The main body of

4970-422: Was the Jikji , the oldest extant book printed with movable metal type. Morocco had its pavilion near the Eiffel Tower and was designed by Henri-Jules Saladin. An area of several dozen hectares on the hill of the Trocadéro Palace was set aside for the pavilions of the colonies and protectorates of France, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Portugal. The largest space was for the French colonies in Africa,

5041-500: Was to promote French commerce, technology and culture. It was followed by another in 1867 , and, after the Emperor's downfall in 1870, another in 1878 , celebrating national unity after the defeat of the Paris Commune , and then in 1889 , celebrating the centennial of the French Revolution . Planning for the 1900 Exposition began in 1892, under President Carnot , with Alfred Picard as Commissioner-General. Three French Presidents and ten Ministers of Commerce held office before it

#32967