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93-732: A smart TV , also known as a TV ( CTV ), is a traditional television set with integrated Internet and interactive Web 2.0 features that allow users to stream music and videos, browse the internet, and view photos. Smart TVs are a technological convergence of computers , televisions , and digital media players . Besides the traditional functions of television sets provided through traditional broadcasting media, these devices can provide access to over-the-top media services such as streaming television and internet radio , along with home networking access. Smart TV should not be confused with Internet TV, IPTV , or streaming television . Internet TV refers to receiving television content over

186-490: A light-emitting electrochemical cell or LEC, which has a slightly different mode of operation. OLED displays can use either passive-matrix (PMOLED) or active-matrix addressing schemes. Active-matrix OLEDs ( AMOLED ) require a thin-film transistor backplane to switch each individual pixel on or off, but allow for higher resolution and larger display sizes. An OLED display works without a backlight . Thus, it can display deep black levels and can be thinner and lighter than

279-483: A liquid crystal display (LCD). In low ambient light conditions such as a dark room, an OLED screen can achieve a higher contrast ratio than an LCD, whether the LCD uses cold cathode fluorescent lamps or LED backlight . While most televisions are designed for consumers in the household, there are several markets that demand variations including hospitality, healthcare, and other commercial settings. Televisions made for

372-459: A remote control , remotely access and modify files on TV and attached USB drives, access camera and microphone. There have also been concerns that hackers may be able to remotely turn on the microphone or webcam on a smart TV, being able to eavesdrop on private conversations. A common loop antenna may be set for a bi directional transmission channel, capable of uploading data rather than only receiving. Since 2012, security researchers discovered

465-496: A 14-inch full-color LCD display, which convinced the electronics industry that LCD would eventually replace the CRT as the standard television display technology . The first wall-mountable TV was introduced by Sharp Corporation in 1992. During the first decade of the 21st century, CRT "picture tube" display technology was almost entirely supplanted worldwide by flat-panel displays : first plasma displays around 1997, then LCDs. By

558-462: A SAN-NAS hybrid, offering both file-level protocols (NAS) and block-level protocols (SAN) from the same system. A shared disk file system can also be run on top of a SAN to provide filesystem services. In the early 1980s, the " Newcastle Connection " by Brian Randell and his colleagues at Newcastle University demonstrated and developed remote file access across a set of UNIX machines. Novell 's NetWare server operating system and NCP protocol

651-448: A Smart TV, with such as second screen companion devices, spatial gestures input like with Xbox Kinect , and even for speech recognition for natural language user interface . Smart TV develops new features to satisfy consumers and companies, such as new payment processes. LG and PaymentWall have collaborated to allow consumers to access purchased apps, movies, games, and more using a remote control, laptop, tablet, or smartphone. This

744-417: A USB drive and restoring those settings quickly. Additionally, server-based and cloud-based management systems can monitor and configure an entire fleet of TVs. Healthcare televisions include the provisions of hospitality TVs with additional features for usability and safety. They are designed for use in a healthcare setting in which the user may have limited mobility and audio/visual impairment. A key feature

837-406: A communal viewing experience to a solitary viewing experience. By 1960, Sony had sold over 4   million portable television sets worldwide. By the late 1960s and early 1970s, color television had come into wide use. In Britain, BBC1 , BBC2 and ITV were regularly broadcasting in colour by 1969. Late model CRT TVs used highly integrated electronics such as a Jungle chip which performs

930-561: A digital or analog network. Apart from being linked to data networks, one key point is its ability to automatically download necessary software routines, according to a user's demand, and process their needs. However, descriptions of the elements of a smart television can be found in public discourse from the beginning of the 1980s, if not earlier, with the introduction of videotex services, particularly teletext information for reception by television sets, leading commentators to consider that televisions and accessories would evolve to encompass

1023-470: A few. In 2009, NAS vendors (notably CTERA networks and Netgear ) began to introduce online backup solutions integrated in their NAS appliances, for online disaster recovery. By 2021, three major types of NAS solutions are offered (all with hybrid cloud models where data can be stored both on-premise on the NAS and off site on a separate NAS or through a public cloud service provider). The first type of NAS

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1116-505: A majority of streaming devices will covertly collect and transmit personal user data, including captured screen images, to a wide network of advertising and analytics companies, raising privacy concerns. Digital marketing research firm eMarketer reported a 38 percent surge – to close to $ 7   billion, a 10 percent television advertising market share – in advertising on connected TV like Hulu and Roku , to be underway in 2019, with market indicators that

1209-551: A much more cinematic experience of the content than is currently available with most computers. Some Smart TV platforms also support interactive advertising ( companion ads ), addressable advertising with local advertising insertion and targeted advertising, and other advanced advertising features such as ad telescoping using VOD and DVR , enhanced TV for consumer call-to-action , and audience measurement solutions for ad campaign effectiveness. The marketing and trading possibilities offered by Smart TVs are sometimes summarized by

1302-688: A plasma TV became higher cost and more difficult to make in 4k compared to LED or LCD. In 1997, Philips introduced at CES and CeBIT the first large (42-inch) commercially available flat-panel TV, using Fujitsu plasma displays. Liquid-crystal-display televisions (LCD TV) are television sets that use liquid-crystal displays to produce images. LCD televisions are much thinner and lighter than CRTs of similar display size and are available in much larger sizes (e.g., 90-inch diagonal). When manufacturing costs fell, this combination of features made LCDs practical for television receivers. In 2007, LCD televisions surpassed sales of CRT-based televisions globally for

1395-528: A range of related activities. In the words of one commentator: "In the long run, this machine is likely to develop into a multi-purpose receiver, for electronic mail, dealing with the bank, calculations, remote information - and ' Not the nine o'clock news ' or ' Casablanca ' on video." The mass acceptance of digital television in the mid-late 2000s and early 2010s greatly improved Smart TVs. Major TV manufacturers have announced production of Smart TVs only for their middle-end to high-end TVs in 2015. Smart TVs became

1488-420: A screen size of 97 inches or larger were sold globally. This surge in popularity can be attributed to several factors, including technological advancements and decreasing prices. The availability of larger screen sizes at more affordable prices has driven consumer demand. For example, Samsung, a leading electronics manufacturer, introduced its first 98-inch television in 2019 with a price tag of $ 99,000. In 2024,

1581-740: A similar vulnerability present in more series of Smart TVs, which allows hackers to get an external root access on the device. Anticipating growing demand for an antivirus for a Smart TV, some security software companies are already working with partners in the digital TV field on the solution. It seems like there is only one antivirus for Smart TVs available: "Neptune", a cloud-based antimalware system developed by Ocean Blue Software in partnership with Sophos . However, antivirus company Avira has joined forces with digital TV testing company Labwise to work on software to protect against potential attacks. The privacy policy for Samsung's Smart TVs has been called Orwellian (a reference to George Orwell and

1674-486: A single drive can be recovered completely via the redundancy encoded across the RAID set. If a drive spends several seconds executing extensive retries it might cause the RAID controller to flag the drive as "down" whereas if it simply replied promptly that the block of data had a checksum error, the RAID controller would use the redundant data on the other drives to correct the error and continue without any problem. A NAS unit

1767-622: A single protocol. The key difference between direct-attached storage (DAS) and NAS is that DAS is simply an extension to an existing server and is not necessarily networked. As the name suggests, DAS typically is connected via a USB or Thunderbolt enabled cable. NAS is designed as an easy and self-contained solution for sharing files over the network. Both DAS and NAS can potentially increase availability of data by using RAID or clustering . Both NAS and DAS can have various amount of cache memory , which greatly affects performance. When comparing use of NAS with use of local (non-networked) DAS,

1860-472: A smaller screen size of 23 inches. In 1950 a more efficient 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 inch tube with vastly improved technology and more efficient white phosphor, along with smaller and less demanding screen sizes, was able to provide an acceptable image, though the life of the tubes was still shorter than contemporary direct view tubes. As CRT technology improved during the 1950s, producing larger and larger screen sizes and later on, (more or less) rectangular tubes,

1953-656: A smart phone or tablet. Hospitality spaces are insecure with respect to content piracy, so many content providers require the use of Digital rights management . Hospitality TVs decrypt the industry standard Pro:Idiom when no set back box is used. While H.264 is not part of the ATSC 1.0 standard in North America, TV content in hospitality can include H.264 encoded video, so hospitality TVs include H.264 decoding. Managing dozens or hundreds of TVs can be time consuming, so hospitality TVs can be cloned by storing settings on

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2046-402: A technology often used in NAS implementations. For example, some NAS versions of drives support a command extension to allow extended error recovery to be disabled. In a non-RAID application, it may be important for a disk drive to go to great lengths to successfully read a problematic storage block, even if it takes several seconds. In an appropriately configured RAID array, a single bad block on

2139-414: A television set in 1937 that relied on back projecting an image from a 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 inch tube onto a 25-inch screen. This required the tube to be driven very hard (at unusually high voltages and currents, see Cathode-ray tube § Projection CRTs ) to produce an extremely bright image on its fluorescent screen. Further, Philips decided to use a green phosphor on the tube face as it was brighter than

2232-668: A television set unit. A Smart TV runs a complete operating system or mobile operating system that may provide a platform for application developers. Thus, a Smart TV often allows the user to install and run more advanced applications or plugins/addons based on its specific platform. A Smart TV platform has a public software development kit (SDK) or native development kit (NDK) with which third-party developers can develop applications for it, and an app store so end-users can install and uninstall apps. The public SDK enables third-party application developers to write applications once and see them run successfully on any device that supports

2325-449: A time-limited cachable capability for clients to access the storage objects. A file access from the client to the disks has the following sequence: A clustered NAS is a NAS that is using a distributed file system running simultaneously on multiple servers. The key difference between a clustered and traditional NAS is the ability to distribute (e.g. stripe) data and metadata across the cluster nodes or storage devices. Clustered NAS, like

2418-471: A web browser. They can run from a virtual machine , Live CD , bootable USB flash drive ( Live USB ), or from one of the mounted hard drives. They run Samba (an SMB daemon), NFS daemon, and FTP daemons which are freely available for those operating systems. Network-attached secure disks ( NASD ) is 1997–2001 research project of Carnegie Mellon University , with the goal of providing cost-effective scalable storage bandwidth . NASD reduces

2511-647: Is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound which emits light in response to an electric current. This layer of organic semiconductor is situated between two electrodes. Generally, at least one of these electrodes is transparent. OLEDs are used to create digital displays in devices such as television screens. It is also used for computer monitors , portable systems such as mobile phones , handheld game consoles and PDAs . There are two main families of OLED: those based on small molecules and those employing polymers . Adding mobile ions to an OLED creates

2604-462: Is a vacuum tube containing a so-called electron gun (or three for a color television) and a fluorescent screen where the television image is displayed. The electron gun accelerates electrons in a beam which is deflected in both the vertical and horizontal directions using varying electric or (usually, in television sets) magnetic fields, in order to scan a raster image onto the fluorescent screen. The CRT requires an evacuated glass envelope, which

2697-434: Is a computer connected to a network that provides only file-based data storage services to other devices on the network. Although it may technically be possible to run other software on a NAS unit, it is usually not designed to be a general-purpose server. For example, NAS units usually do not have a keyboard or display, and are controlled and configured over the network, often using a browser. A full-featured operating system

2790-406: Is an electronic device for viewing and hearing television broadcasts, or as a computer monitor . It combines a tuner, display, and loudspeakers. Introduced in the late 1920s in mechanical form, television sets became a popular consumer product after World War II in electronic form, using cathode-ray tube (CRT) technology. The addition of color to broadcast television after 1953 further increased

2883-563: Is focused on consumer needs with lower-cost options that typically support 1–5 hot plug hard drives. The second is focused on small-to-medium-sized businesses – these NAS solutions range from 2–24+ hard drives and are typically offered in tower or rackmount form factors. Pricing can vary greatly depending on the processor, components, and overall features supported. The last type is geared toward enterprises or large businesses and are offered with more advanced software capabilities. NAS solutions are typically sold without hard drives installed to allow

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2976-430: Is focused solely on data storage but capabilities can be available based on specific vendor options. NAS provides both storage and a file system . This is often contrasted with SAN ( storage area network ), which provides only block-based storage and leaves file system concerns on the "client" side. SAN protocols include Fibre Channel , iSCSI , ATA over Ethernet (AoE) and HyperSCSI . One way to loosely conceptualize

3069-766: Is intended for an easier and more convenient way for checkout. Smart TV technology and software is still evolving, with both proprietary and open source software frameworks already available. These can run applications (sometimes available via an 'app store' digital distribution platform ), play over-the-top media services and interactive on-demand media, personalized communications, and have social networking features. Android TV , Boxee , Google TV , Horizon TV , Inview , Kodi Entertainment Center , Mediaroom , MeeGo , OpenTV , Plex , RDK (Reference Development Kit), Roku , Smart TV Alliance, ToFu Media Platform, Ubuntu TV , Vewd, and Yahoo! Smart TV are framework platforms managed by individual companies. HbbTV, provided by

3162-475: Is not needed on a NAS device, so often a stripped-down operating system is used. NAS systems contain one or more hard disk drives, often arranged into logical, redundant storage containers or RAID . NAS uses file-based protocols such as NFS (popular on UNIX systems), SMB ( Server Message Block ) (used with Microsoft Windows systems), AFP (used with Apple Macintosh computers), or NCP (used with OES and Novell NetWare ). NAS units rarely limit clients to

3255-475: Is optimised for serving files either by its hardware, software, or configuration. It is often manufactured as a computer appliance  – a purpose-built specialized computer. NAS systems are networked appliances that contain one or more storage drives , often arranged into logical , redundant storage containers or RAID . Network-attached storage typically provide access to files using network file sharing protocols such as NFS , SMB , or AFP . From

3348-429: Is rather deep (well over half of the screen size), fairly heavy, and breakable. As a matter of radiation safety , both the face (panel) and back (funnel) were made of thick lead glass in order to reduce human exposure to harmful ionizing radiation (in the form of x-rays ) produced when electrons accelerated using a high voltage (10-30 kV ) strike the screen . By the early 1970s, most color TVs replaced leaded glass in

3441-474: Is scanned repetitively (completing a full frame 25 or 30 times a second) in a fixed pattern called a raster . The Image information is received in real-time from a video signal which controls the electric current supplying the electron gun, or in color televisions each of the three electron guns whose beams land on phosphors of the three primary colors (red, green, and blue). Except in the very early days of television, magnetic deflection has been used to scan

3534-760: Is the consumer market where there is a large amount of multi-media data. Such consumer market appliances are now commonly available. Unlike their rackmounted counterparts, they are generally packaged in smaller form factors. The price of NAS appliances has fallen sharply in recent years, offering flexible network-based storage to the home consumer market for little more than the cost of a regular USB or FireWire external hard disk. Many of these home consumer devices are built around ARM , x86 or MIPS processors running an embedded Linux operating system . Open-source NAS-oriented distributions of Linux and FreeBSD are available. These are designed to be easy to set up on commodity PC hardware, and are typically configured using

3627-416: Is the pillow speaker connection. Pillow speakers combine nurse call functions, TV remote control and a speaker for audio. In multiple occupancy rooms where several TVs are used in close proximity, the televisions can be programmed to respond to a remote control with unique codes so that each remote only controls one TV. Smaller TVs, also called bedside infotainment systems, have a full function keypad below

3720-475: Is used in DLP front projectors (standalone projection units for classrooms and business primarily), DLP rear projection television sets, and digital signs. It is also used in about 85% of digital cinema projection, and in additive manufacturing as a power source in some SLA 3D printers to cure resins into solid 3D objects. Rear-projection televisions (RPTVs) became very popular in the early days of television, when

3813-543: The hospitality industry are part of an establishment's internal television system designed to be used by its guests. Therefore, settings menus are hidden and locked by a password. Other common software features include volume limiting, customizable power-on splash image, and channel hiding. These TVs are typically controlled by a set-back box using one of the data ports on the rear of the TV. The set back box may offer channel lists, pay per view, video on demand, and casting from

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3906-570: The 1970s, television manufacturers utilized this push for miniaturization to create small, console-styled sets which their salesmen could easily transport, pushing demand for television sets out into rural areas. However, the first fully transistorized color TV set, the HMV Colourmaster Model 2700, was released in 1967 by the British Radio Corporation. This began the transformation of television viewership from

3999-505: The 1980s. By the early 2010s, flat-panel television incorporating liquid-crystal display (LCD) technology, especially LED-backlit LCD technology, largely replaced CRT and other display technologies. Modern flat-panel TVs are typically capable of high-definition display (720p, 1080i, 1080p, 4K, 8K) and can also play content from a USB device. In the late 2010s, most flat-panel TVs began offering 4K and 8K resolutions. Mechanical televisions were commercially sold from 1928 to 1934 in

4092-470: The DLP imaging device was invented by Texas Instruments, the first DLP based projector was introduced by Digital Projection Ltd in 1997. Digital Projection and Texas Instruments were both awarded Emmy Awards in 1998 for the DLP projector technology. DLP is used in a variety of display applications from traditional static displays to interactive displays and also non-traditional embedded applications including medical, security, and industrial uses. DLP technology

4185-587: The Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV association, CE-HTML, part of Web4CE, OIPF, part of HbbTV, and Tru2way are framework platforms managed by technology businesses. Current Smart TV platforms used by vendors are Amazon , Apple , Google , Haier , Hisense , Hitachi , Insignia , LG , Microsoft , Netgear , Panasonic , Philips , Samsung , Sharp , Sony , TCL , TiVO , Toshiba , Sling Media , and Western Digital . Sony, Panasonic, Samsung, LG, and Roku TV are some platforms ranked under

4278-702: The Internet instead of traditional systems such as terrestrial, cable, and satellite, regardless of how the Internet is delivered. IPTV is one of the Internet television technology standards for use by television broadcasters. Streaming television is a term used for programs created by many producers for showing on Internet TV. In smart TVs, the operating system is preloaded into the television set's firmware , which provides access to apps and other digital content . In contrast, traditional televisions primarily act as displays and are limited to vendor-specific customization. The software applications can be preloaded into

4371-502: The RCA CT-100 color TV set used 36 vacuum tubes. Following the invention of the first working transistor at Bell Labs , Sony founder Masaru Ibuka predicted in 1952 that the transition to electronic circuits made of transistors would lead to smaller and more portable television sets. The first fully transistorized, portable solid-state television set was the 8-inch Sony TV8-301 , developed in 1959 and released in 1960. By

4464-937: The Smart TV platform architecture it was written for, regardless of the hardware manufacturer. Smart TVs deliver content (such as photos, movies and music) from other computers or network attached storage devices on a network using either a Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) / Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) media server or similar service program like Windows Media Player or Network-attached storage (NAS), or via iTunes . It also provides access to Internet-based services including traditional broadcast TV channels, catch-up services , video-on-demand (VOD), electronic program guide , interactive advertising, personalisation, voting, games, social networking , and other multimedia applications. Smart TV enables access to movies, shows, video games, apps and more. Some of those apps include Netflix , Hulu , Spotify , YouTube , and Amazon . In

4557-434: The TV to be hidden. 2023 saw the release of wireless TVs which connect to other devices solely through a transmitter box with an antenna that transmits information wirelessly to the TV. Demos of transparent TVs have also been made. There are TVs that are offered to users for free, but are paid for by showing ads to users and collecting user data. Cambridge's Clive Sinclair created a mini TV in 1967 that could be held in

4650-515: The UK) is considered the first mass-produced television, selling about a thousand units. Karl Ferdinand Braun was the first to conceive the use of a CRT as a display device in 1897. The "Braun tube" became the foundation of 20th century TV. In 1926, Kenjiro Takayanagi demonstrated the first TV system that employed a cathode-ray tube (CRT) display, at Hamamatsu Industrial High School in Japan. This

4743-588: The United Kingdom, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union. The earliest commercially made televisions were radios with the addition of a television device consisting of a neon tube behind a mechanically spinning disk with a spiral of apertures that produced a red postage-stamp size image, enlarged to twice that size by a magnifying glass. The Baird "Televisor" (sold in 1930–1933 in

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4836-607: The United States, the average consumer replaces their television every 6.9 years, but research suggests that due to advanced software and apps, the replacement cycle may be shortening. Due to recent changes in electronic waste legislation, economical and environmentally friendly television disposal has been made increasingly more available in the form of television recycling. Challenges with recycling television sets include proper HAZMAT disposal, landfill pollution, and illegal international trade. Global 2016 years statistics for LCD TV. Network-attached storage A NAS device

4929-469: The Web, cable or satellite TV channels, or a local storage device. A Smart TV device is either a television set with integrated Internet capabilities or a set-top box for television that offers more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a contemporary basic television set. A Smart TVs is an information appliance and may be thought of as the computer system of a mobile device integrated with

5022-853: The Windows SMB and the UNIX NFS protocols and had superior scalability and ease of deployment. This started the market for proprietary NAS devices now led by NetApp and EMC Celerra. Starting in the early 2000s, a series of startups emerged offering alternative solutions to single filer solutions in the form of clustered NAS – Spinnaker Networks (acquired by NetApp in February 2004), Exanet (acquired by Dell in February 2010), Gluster (acquired by RedHat in 2011), ONStor (acquired by LSI in 2009), IBRIX (acquired by HP ), Isilon (acquired by EMC – November 2010), PolyServe (acquired by HP in 2007), and Panasas , to name

5115-492: The ability to practically produce tubes with a large display size did not exist. In 1936, for a tube capable of being mounted horizontally in the television cabinet, nine inches would have been regarded as the largest convenient size that could be made owing to its required length, due to the low deflection angles of CRTs produced in the era, which meant that CRTs with large front sizes would have also needed to be very deep, which caused such CRTs to be installed at an angle to reduce

5208-433: The act is Vizio . The confidential documents, codenamed Vault 7 and dated from 2013 to 2016, include details on CIA 's software capabilities, such as the ability to compromise Smart TVs. Internet websites can block Smart TV access to content at will or tailor the content that will be received by each platform. Google TV -enabled devices were blocked by NBC , ABC , CBS , and Hulu from accessing their Web content since

5301-454: The best Smart TV platforms. According to a report from research group NPD In-Stat, in 2012 only about 12 million U.S. households had their Web-capable TVs connected to the Internet, although an estimated 25 million households owned a set with the built-in network capability. In-Stat predicted that by 2016, 100 million homes in North America and western Europe would be using television sets blending traditional programming with internet content. By

5394-480: The buyer (or IT departments) to select the hard drive cost, size, and quality. The way manufacturers make NAS devices can be classified into three types: NAS is useful for more than just general centralized storage provided to client computers in environments with large amounts of data. NAS can enable simpler and lower cost systems such as load-balancing and fault-tolerant email and web server systems by providing storage services. The potential emerging market for NAS

5487-414: The cabinet depth of the TV set. Twelve inch tubes and TV sets were available, but the tubes were so long (deep) that they were mounted vertically and viewed via a mirror in the top of the TV set cabinet which was usually mounted under a hinged lid, reducing considerably the depth of the set but making it taller. These mirror lid televisions were large pieces of furniture. As a solution, Philips introduced

5580-829: The company will offer four 98-inch models starting at $ 4,000. This trend is reflected in the overall market, with the average price of a television exceeding 97 inches, declining from $ 6,662 in 2023 to $ 3,113 in 2024. As technology advances, even larger screen sizes, such as 110 and 115 inches, are becoming increasingly accessible to consumers. Television sets may employ one of several available display technologies . As of mid-2019, LCDs overwhelmingly predominate in new merchandise, but OLED displays are claiming an increasing market share as they become more affordable and DLP technology continues to offer some advantages in projection systems. The production of plasma and CRT displays has been completely discontinued. There are four primary competing TV technologies: The cathode-ray tube (CRT)

5673-437: The curation of traditional content by combining information from the Internet with content from TV providers. Services offer users a means to track and receive reminders about shows or sporting events, as well as the ability to change channels for immediate viewing. Some devices feature additional interactive organic user interface / natural user interface technologies for navigation controls and other human interaction with

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5766-583: The device or updated or installed on demand via an application store or marketplace , in a manner similar to how applications are integrated into modern smartphones . The technology that enables smart TVs is also incorporated into external devices such as set-top boxes and some Blu-ray players, game consoles , digital media players , hotel television systems , smartphones, and other network-connected interactive devices that utilize television-type display outputs. These devices allow viewers to find and play videos, movies, TV shows, photos, and other content from

5859-495: The difference between a NAS and a SAN is that NAS appears to the client OS (operating system) as a file server (the client can map network drives to shares on that server) whereas a disk available through a SAN still appears to the client OS as a disk, visible in disk and volume management utilities (along with client's local disks), and available to be formatted with a file system and mounted . Despite their differences, SAN and NAS are not mutually exclusive and may be combined as

5952-481: The dominant form of television during the late 2010s. At the beginning of 2016, Nielsen reported that 29 percent of those with incomes over $ 75,000 a year had a Smart TV. Smart TV devices also provide access to user-generated content (either stored on an external hard drive or in cloud storage ) and to interactive services and Internet applications, such as YouTube , many using HTTP Live Streaming (also known as HLS) adaptive streaming. Smart TV devices facilitate

6045-500: The dystopian world of constant surveillance he depicted in Nineteen Eighty-Four ), and compared to Telescreens because of eavesdropping concerns. Hackers have misused Smart TV's abilities such as operating source codes for applications and its unsecured connection to the Internet. Passwords, IP address data, and credit card information can be accessed by hackers and even companies for advertisement. A company caught in

6138-458: The early 1980s, "intelligent" television receivers were introduced in Japan. The addition of an LSI chip with memory and a character generator to a television receiver enabled Japanese viewers to receive a mix of programming and information transmitted over spare lines of the broadcast television signal. A patent was filed in 1994 (and extended the following year) for an "intelligent" television system, linked with data processing systems, by means of

6231-417: The early 2010s, LCD TVs , which increasingly used LED-backlit LCDs , accounted for the overwhelming majority of television sets being manufactured. In 2014, Curved OLED TVs were released to the market, which were intended to offer improved image quality but this effect was only visible at a certain position away from the TV. Rollable OLED TVs were introduced in 2020, which allow the display panel of

6324-539: The end of 2019, the number of installed Connect TVs reached 1.26 billion worldwide. The number of households using over-the-top television services has rapidly increased over the years. In 2015, 52% of U.S. households subscribed to Netflix , Amazon Prime , or Hulu Plus ; 43% of pay-TV subscribers also used Netflix, and 43% of adults used some streaming video on demand service at least monthly. Additionally, 19% of Netflix subscribers shared their subscription with people outside of their households. Ten percent of adults at

6417-419: The face panel with vitrified strontium oxide glass, which also blocked x-ray emissions but allowed better color visibility. This also eliminated the need for cadmium phosphors in earlier color televisions. Leaded glass, which is less expensive, continued to be used in the funnel glass, which is not visible to the consumer. In Television Sets (or most computer monitors that used CRT's), the entire screen area

6510-422: The figure would surpass $ 10   billion in 2021. There is evidence that a Smart TV is vulnerable to attacks. Some serious security bugs have been discovered, and some successful attempts to run malicious code to get unauthorized access were documented on video. There is evidence that it is possible to gain root access to the device, install malicious software, access and modify configuration information for

6603-429: The first thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD). Brody and Fang-Chen Luo demonstrated the first flat active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AM LCD) in 1974. By 1982, pocket LCD TVs based on AM LCD technology were developed in Japan. The 2.1-inch Epson ET-10 (Epson Elf) was the first color LCD pocket TV , released in 1984. In 1988, a Sharp research team led by engineer T. Nagayasu demonstrated

6696-556: The first time, and their sales figures relative to other technologies accelerated. LCD TVs quickly displaced the only major competitors in the large-screen market, the plasma display panel and rear-projection television . In the mid-2010s LCDs became, by far, the most widely produced and sold television display type. LCDs also have disadvantages. Other technologies address these weaknesses, including OLEDs , FED and SED . LCDs can have quantum dots and mini-LED backlights to enhance image quality. An OLED (organic light-emitting diode)

6789-502: The functions of many transistors. Paul K. Weimer at RCA developed the thin-film transistor (TFT) in 1962, later the idea of a TFT-based liquid-crystal display (LCD) was conceived by Bernard Lechner of RCA Laboratories in 1968. Lechner, F. J. Marlowe, E. O. Nester and J. Tults demonstrated the concept in 1968 with a dynamic scattering LCD that used standard discrete MOSFETs. In 1973, T. Peter Brody , J. A. Asars and G. D. Dixon at Westinghouse Research Laboratories demonstrated

6882-468: The image onto the face of the CRT; this involves a varying current applied to both the vertical and horizontal deflection coils placed around the neck of the tube just beyond the electron gun(s). Digital light processing (DLP) is a type of video projector technology that uses a digital micromirror device . Some DLPs have a TV tuner, which makes them a type of TV display. It was originally developed in 1987 by Larry Hornbeck of Texas Instruments . While

6975-606: The launch of Google TV in October 2010. Google TV devices were also blocked from accessing any programs offered by Viacom 's subsidiaries. In 2017, high-end Samsung Smart TVs stopped working for at least seven days after a software update. Application providers are rarely upgrading Smart TV apps to the latest version; for example, Netflix does not support older TV versions with new Netflix upgrades. Television set A television set or television receiver (more commonly called TV , TV set , television , telly , or tele )

7068-521: The lifting of the manufacturing freeze, war-related technological advances, the drop in television prices caused by mass production, increased leisure time, and additional disposable income. While only 0.5% of U.S. households had a television in 1946, 55.7% had one in 1954, and 90% by 1962. In Britain, there were 15,000 television households in 1947, 1.4 million in 1952, and 15.1 million by 1968. Early electronic television sets were large and bulky, with analog circuits made of vacuum tubes . As an example,

7161-602: The mid-1990s, NAS devices began gaining popularity as a convenient method of sharing files among multiple computers, as well as to remove the responsibility of file serving from other servers on the network; by doing so, a NAS can provide faster data access, easier administration, and simpler configuration as opposed to using general-purpose server to serve files. Accompanying a NAS are purpose-built hard disk drives , which are functionally similar to non-NAS drives but may have different firmware, vibration tolerance, or power dissipation to make them more suitable for use in RAID arrays,

7254-622: The operating bulb glass became weaker with ageing to the point where the bulb could eventually shatter often damaging the projection system. Those that used CRTs and lasers did not require replacement. A plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat-panel display common to large TV displays 30 inches (76 cm) or larger. They are called " plasma " displays because the technology utilizes small cells containing electrically charged ionized gases , or what are in essence chambers more commonly known as fluorescent lamps . Around 2014, television manufacturers were largely phasing out plasma TVs, because

7347-491: The outdoor sections of bars , sports field , or other community facilities. Most outdoor televisions use high-definition television technology. Their body is more robust. The screens are designed to remain clearly visible even in sunny outdoor lighting. The screens also have anti-reflective coatings to prevent glare. They are weather-resistant and often also have anti-theft brackets. Outdoor TV models can also be connected with BD players and PVRs for greater functionality. In

7440-479: The overhead on the file server (file manager) by allowing storage devices to transfer data directly to clients . Most of the file manager's work is offloaded to the storage disk without integrating the file system policy into the disk. Most client operations like Read/Write go directly to the disks; less frequent operations like authentication go to the file manager. Disks transfer variable-length objects instead of fixed-size blocks to clients. The File Manager provides

7533-438: The palm of a hand and was the world's smallest television at the time, though it never took off commercially because the design was complex. In 2019, Samsung launched the largest television to date at 292 inches, which is around 24 feet. The average size of TVs has grown over time. In 2024, the sales of large-screen televisions significantly increased. Between January and September, approximately 38 million televisions with

7626-508: The performance of NAS depends mainly on the speed of and congestion on the network. NAS is generally not as customizable in terms of hardware (CPU, memory, storage components) or low level software (extensions, plug-ins , additional protocols) but most NAS solutions will include the option to install a wide array of software applications to allow better configuration of the system or to include other capabilities outside of storage (like video surveillance, virtualization, media, etc). DAS typically

7719-458: The popularity of television sets in the 1960s, and an outdoor antenna became a common feature of suburban homes. The ubiquitous television set became the display device for the first recorded media for consumer use in the 1970s, such as Betamax , VHS ; these were later succeeded by DVD . It has been used as a display device since the first generation of home computers (e.g. Timex Sinclair 1000 ) and dedicated video game consoles (e.g., Atari) in

7812-411: The rear projection system was obsolete before the end of the decade. However, in the early to mid 2000s RPTV systems made a comeback as a cheaper alternative to contemporary LCD and Plasma TVs. They were larger and lighter than contemporary CRT TVs and had a flat screen just like LCD and Plasma, but unlike LCD and Plasma, RPTVs were often dimmer, had lower contrast ratios and viewing angles, image quality

7905-554: The screen. This allows direct interaction without the use of a pillow speaker or remote. These TVs typically have antimicrobial surfaces and can withstand daily cleaning using disinfectants. In the US, the UL safety standard for televisions, UL 62368-1, contains a special section (annex DVB) which outlines additional safety requirements for televisions used in healthcare. Outdoor television sets are designed for outdoor use and are usually found in

7998-468: The success of file servers from Novell, IBM , and Sun, several firms developed dedicated file servers. While 3Com was among the first firms to build a dedicated NAS for desktop operating systems, Auspex Systems was one of the first to develop a dedicated NFS server for use in the UNIX market. A group of Auspex engineers split away in the early 1990s to create the integrated NetApp FAS , which supported both

8091-476: The term t-commerce . Taken together, this bidirectional data flow means Smart TVs can be and are used for clandestine observation of the owners. Even in sets that are not configured off-the-shelf to do so, default security measures are often weak and will allow hackers to easily break into the TV. 2019 research, "Watching You Watch: The Tracking Ecosystem of Over-the-Top TV Streaming Devices", conducted at Princeton and University of Chicago , demonstrated that

8184-453: The time showed interest in HBO Now . Some Smart TV platforms come prepackaged or can be optionally extended, with social networking technology capabilities. The addition of social networking synchronization to Smart TV and HTPC platforms may provide an interaction both with on-screen content and with other viewers than is currently available to most televisions, while simultaneously providing

8277-420: The white phosphors of the day. In fact these early tubes were not up to the job and by November of that year Philips decided that it was cheaper to buy the sets back than to provide replacement tubes under warranty every couple of weeks or so. Substantial improvements were very quickly made to these small tubes and a more satisfactory tube design was available the following year helped by Philips's decision to use

8370-690: Was $ 445 (equivalent to $ 9,632 in 2023). An estimated 19,000 electronic televisions were manufactured in Britain, and about 1,600 in Germany, before World War II. About 7,000–8,000 electronic sets were made in the U.S. before the War Production Board halted manufacture in April 1942, production resuming in August 1945. Television usage in the western world skyrocketed after World War II with

8463-583: Was affected by room lighting and suffered when compared with direct view CRTs, and were still bulky like CRTs. These TVs worked by having a DLP, LCoS or LCD projector at the bottom of the unit, and using a mirror to project the image onto a screen. The screen may be a Fresnel lens to increase brightness at the cost of viewing angles. Some early units used CRT projectors and were heavy, weighing up to 500 pounds. Most RPTVs used Ultra-high-performance lamps as their light source, which required periodic replacement partly because they dimmed with use but mainly because

8556-590: Was released in 1983. Following the Newcastle Connection, Sun Microsystems ' 1984 release of NFS allowed network servers to share their storage space with networked clients. 3Com and Microsoft would develop the LAN Manager software and protocol to further this new market. 3Com 's 3Server and 3+Share software was the first purpose-built server (including proprietary hardware, software, and multiple disks) for open systems servers. Inspired by

8649-480: Was the first working example of a fully electronic television receiver. His research toward creating a production model was halted by the US after Japan lost World War II . The first commercially made electronic televisions with CRTs were manufactured by Telefunken in Germany in 1934, followed by other makers in France (1936), Britain (1936), and US (1938). The cheapest model with a 12-inch (30 cm) screen

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