26-552: Smithy Bridge is a suburb of Littleborough in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale , Greater Manchester , England. Hollingworth Lake Country Park is close by. It also has a link to the Rochdale Canal and has its own railway station . It was once a route on the packhorse trip through to Yorkshire. Smithy Bridge was formerly a part of Butterworth . This Greater Manchester location article
52-421: A civil parish encompassing several settlements to the northeast of Rochdale, until its dissolution. Littleborough's first local authority was a local board of health established in 1870; Littlborough Local Board of Health was a regulatory body responsible for standards of hygiene and sanitation for parts of the then townships of Blatchinworth and Calderbrook, of Wuerdle and Wardle and of Butterworth , with
78-584: A mill town . Local government reforms established the Littleborough Urban District in 1894 which was governed by its own district council until its abolition in 1974. By the mid-20th century, imports of cheaper foreign goods prompted the gradual deindustrialisation of Littleborough, but its commercial diversity allowed it to repel the ensuing economic depression experienced elsewhere in North West England . Subsumed into
104-408: A cause of poor economic performance. Pitelis and Antonakis suggest that, to the extent that manufacturing is characterized by higher productivity, this leads, all other things being equal, to a reduction in relative cost of manufacturing products, thus a reduction in the relative share of manufacturing (provided manufacturing and services are characterized by relatively inelastic demand). Moreover, to
130-429: A long intellectual lineage. Rowthorn argues that Marx 's theory of declining (industrial) profit may be regarded as one of the earliest. This theory argues that technological innovation enables more efficient means of production, resulting in increased physical productivity, i.e., a greater output of use value per unit of capital invested. In parallel, however, technological innovations replace people with machinery, and
156-505: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Littleborough, Greater Manchester Littleborough ( / ˈ l ɪ t əl b ər ə / LIT -əl-bər-ə ) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale , Greater Manchester , England, in the upper Roch Valley by the foothills of the South Pennines , 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of Rochdale and 13 miles (20.9 km) northeast of Manchester ; Milnrow and
182-583: Is a process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a country or region, especially of heavy industry or manufacturing industry . There are different interpretations of what deindustrialization is. Many associate American deindustrialization with the mass closing of automaker plants in the now so-called Rust Belt between 1980 and 1990. The US Federal Reserve raised interest and exchange rates beginning in 1979, and continuing until 1984, which automatically caused import prices to fall. Japan
208-713: Is served by the town's two railway stations, Littleborough itself and at Smithy Bridge . The town is situated on the A58 between Rochdale and Halifax and is the starting point of the A6033 which runs northwards up to Todmorden . The town is also well provided with buses which connect all districts in the Rochdale area and into the Pennine towns as far as Halifax. Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC North West and ITV Granada . Television signals are received from
234-466: The M62 motorway are to the south, and the rural uplands of Blackstone Edge to the east. According to the 2001 census , Littleborough, and its suburbs of Calderbrook , Shore and Smithy Bridge , had a population of 13,807. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire , Littleborough and its surroundings have provided evidence of Neolithic , Celtic , Roman and Anglo-Saxon activity in
260-593: The Winter Hill and local relay TV transmitters. Local radio stations are BBC Radio Manchester , Heart North West , Smooth North West , Hits Radio Manchester , Greatest Hits Radio Manchester & The North West , XS Manchester , Capital Manchester and Lancashire and Rochdale Valley, a community based radio station. The town is served by the local newspaper Rochdale Observer including regional newspapers Manchester Evening News and North West Enquirer . Deindustrialization Deindustrialization
286-509: The Littleborough Urban District was abolished, and Littleborough and its outlying settlements have, since 1 April 1974, formed an unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale , within the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester . In anticipation of the new local government arrangement, Littleborough Urban District Council applied for civil parish status to be granted to the locality after 1974, however
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#1732775972639312-534: The Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale in 1974, Littleborough endures as a commuter town with a distinct community; its Civic Trust works to preserve and enhance its historic character, and societies exist to use the surrounding countryside for water-skiing, horse riding and other recreational activities. Littleborough's stone-built town centre is designated as a Conservation Area for its special architectural qualities. Evidence of human activity in
338-702: The Pennines for the Rochdale Canal and the Manchester to Leeds railway ; Hollingworth Lake was built at Littleborough's south side as a feeder reservoir to regulate the waters of the canal. This infrastructure encouraged industrialists to modify Littleborough's traditional handloom cloth workshops with a mechanised form of textile production. Attracted to the area's natural resources and modern infrastructure, coal mining , engineering ventures and increasingly large textile mills contributed to Littleborough's population growth and urbanisation , sealing its status as
364-464: The application was not successful. The Littleborough Neighbourhood Forum is now forming as a result of the Localism Act 2011 . At 53°38′38″N 2°5′53″W / 53.64389°N 2.09806°W / 53.64389; -2.09806 (53.644°, −2.098°), and 170 miles (274 km) north-northwest of central London , Littleborough stands roughly 623 feet (190 m) above sea level , on
390-573: The area, dating to at least the Neolithic period, exists in the form of ancient flint tool and arrowhead discoveries. Rochdale Museum hold an early Iron Age bracelet made of a shale from Kimmeridge in Dorset , which was found in 1929 on Flint Hill, east of Blackstone Edge. A torc (or necklet) with ornamentation of a late-Celtic design was found in the Mawrode area of Littleborough in 1832; and
416-680: The area. During the Middle Ages , Littleborough was a hamlet in the manor of Hundersfield , parish of Rochdale and part of the Salford Hundred . It was focused upon the junction of two ancient routes over the Pennines — one of which may have been a Roman road — that joined to cross the River Roch. By 1472, Littleborough consisted of a chapel, a cluster of cottages, and an inn, and its inhabitants were broadly farmers who were spurred to weave wool by merchants who passed between
442-756: The economic calculations necessary to operate capital-intensive manufacturing enterprises, and makes the investments necessary for sustaining the operations of such enterprises unprofitable. Institutional arrangements have also contributed to deindustrialization such as economic restructuring . With breakthroughs in transportation, communication and information technology, a globalized economy that encouraged foreign direct investment , capital mobility and labor migration, and new economic theory 's emphasis on specialized factor endowments , manufacturing moved to lower-cost sites and in its place service sector and financial agglomerations concentrated in urban areas. The term deindustrialization crisis has been used to describe
468-431: The extent that manufacturing firms downsize through, e.g., outsourcing, contracting out, etc., this reduces manufacturing share without negatively influencing the economy. Indeed, it potentially has positive effects, provided such actions increase firm productivity and performance. George Reisman identified inflation as a contributor to deindustrialization. In his analysis, the process of fiat money inflation distorts
494-552: The local board's territory being expanded into further parts of these townships in 1879. Under the Local Government Act 1894 , the area of the local board expanded to encompass all of Blatchinworth and Calderbrook and became the Littleborough Urban District, a local government district in the Rochdale Poor Law Union and administrative county of Lancashire. Under the Local Government Act 1972 ,
520-407: The markets at Rochdale and Halifax . When cotton was introduced as a base to make textiles, Littleborough experienced an influx of families, mostly from the neighbouring West Riding of Yorkshire . Affluent homes and estates were established on Littleborough's fringes. In the late 18th century, the low-altitude Summit Gap between Littleborough and Walsden was approved as the best route over
546-518: The name Calderbrook is derived from an ancient Celtic language , two factors implying inhabitation by Celtic Britons . Littleborough is supposed to have been the site of a small station along the Roman road that is routed from Mamucium ( Manchester ) to Eboracum ( York ) which skirts the town. Evidence of Roman occupation in Littleborough comes from finds of coins and pottery, and
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#1732775972639572-551: The organic composition of capital decreases. Assuming only labor can produce new additional value, this greater physical output embodies a smaller and surplus value. The average rate of industrial profit therefore declines in the longer term. Rowthorn and Wells distinguish between deindustrialization explanations that see it as a positive process of, for example, maturity of the economy, and those that associate deindustrialization with negative factors like bad economic performance. They suggest deindustrialization may be both an effect and
598-422: The population was chiefly employed in three flannel-mills, four cotton-factories, in bleachworks, six coal-pits, a stone-quarry and in brick-making. Lying within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire since the early 12th century, Littleborough was a chapelry and component area of Hundersfield , an ancient township within the parish of Rochdale and Salford Hundred . Hundersfield later constituted
624-808: The right arm of a silver statue of Victory . Following the end of Roman rule in Britain , the remaining population came under the influence of the Anglo-Saxons . Place names indicate the Anglo-Saxon settlement of the Littleborough area, for example the 'gate' element in Lydgate and Reddyshore Scout Gate is Old English for 'road'. The name Littleborough is itself derived from the Old English lȳtel bruh (meaning small fortified place) or else lȳtel bróc (meaning small watercourse). In 1848
650-579: The western slopes of the Pennines , 13 miles (20.9 km) north-northeast of Manchester city centre , in the valley of the River Roch . Blackstone Edge and West Yorkshire are to the east; Rochdale and Milnrow are to the southwest and south. In Littleborough are the localities and suburbs of Calderbrook, Chelburn, Durn, Featherstall, Gale, Hollinworth, Laneside, Rake, Shore, Sladen, Smithy Bridge, Stansfield, Summit and Whitelees. Littleborough
676-556: Was rapidly expanding productivity during this time, and this decimated the US machine tool sector. A second wave of deindustrialization occurred between 2001 and 2009, culminating in the automaker bailout of GM and Chrysler . Research has pointed to investment in patents rather than in new capital equipment as a contributing factor. At a more fundamental level, Cairncross and Lever offer four possible definitions of deindustrialization: Theories that predict or explain deindustrialization have
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