Soul Men is a 2008 American musical comedy film directed by Malcolm D. Lee , and starring Samuel L. Jackson , Bernie Mac , Sharon Leal and Sean Hayes , released on November 7, 2008. It was one of three Mac's films that were released after his death (and was actually released on the same date as another posthumous film, Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa ).
119-619: Mac and Isaac Hayes died on August 9 and 10, 2008, respectively. Director Lee said the film was heavily re-edited to soften the tone of the film, as a tribute to the two actors. It is the last Weinstein Company film to be distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . Critical reviews were mixed, and Soul Men was not a financial success. Soul band The Real Deal, which consisted of lead singer Marcus Hooks and backup singers Floyd Henderson and Louis Hinds, were popular back in their time. However, Marcus would eventually leave to strike out on his own as
238-435: A placebo . The Nurses' Health Study also showed an association between supplemental calcium intake and kidney stone formation. Unlike supplemental calcium, high intakes of dietary calcium do not appear to cause kidney stones and may actually protect against their development. This is perhaps related to the role of calcium in binding ingested oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract. As the amount of calcium intake decreases,
357-403: A solid piece of material ( renal calculus ) develops in the urinary tract . Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. A small calculus may pass without causing symptoms . If a stone grows to more than 5 millimeters (0.2 inches), it can cause blockage of the ureter , resulting in sharp and severe pain in the lower back that often radiates downward to
476-598: A "new" album, Hotbed , in 1978. In 1979, Hayes returned to the Top 40 with Don't Let Go and its disco-styled title track that became a hit single (U.S. #18), and also featured the classic "A Few More Kisses To Go." Later in the year he added vocals and worked on Millie Jackson 's album Royal Rappin's , and a song he co-wrote, " Deja Vu ," became a hit for Dionne Warwick and won her a Grammy for best female R&B vocal. Neither 1980s And Once Again or 1981's Lifetime Thing produced notable songs or big sales, and Hayes chose to take
595-485: A 'coffin lid' morphology by microscopy. About 5–10% of all stones are formed from uric acid . People with certain metabolic abnormalities, including obesity , may produce uric acid stones. They also may form in association with conditions that cause hyperuricosuria (an excessive amount of uric acid in the urine) with or without hyperuricemia (an excessive amount of uric acid in the serum ). They may also form in association with disorders of acid/base metabolism where
714-551: A January 2007 show in New York City, who had known Hayes fairly well, reported that "Isaac was plunked down at a keyboard, where he pretended to front his band. He spoke-sang, and his words were halting. He was not the Isaac Hayes of the past." In April 2008, while a guest on The Adam Carolla Show , Hayes stumbled in his responses to questions, possibly as a result of health problems. A caller questioned whether Hayes
833-813: A break from music to pursue acting. In the 1970s, Hayes was featured in the films Shaft (1971) and Truck Turner (1974); he also had a recurring role in the TV series The Rockford Files as an old cellmate of Rockford's, Gandolph Fitch (who always referred to Rockford as "Rockfish" much to his annoyance), including one episode alongside duet-partner Dionne Warwick. In the 1980s and 1990s, he appeared in numerous films, notably Escape from New York (1981), I'm Gonna Git You Sucka (1988), Prime Target (1991), and Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993), as well as in episodes of The A-Team and Miami Vice . He also attempted
952-529: A cameo role as a bartender). The title theme, with its wah-wah guitar and multi-layered symphonic arrangement, would become a worldwide hit single, and spent two weeks at number one in the Billboard Hot 100 in November. The remainder of the album was mostly instrumentals covering big beat jazz, bluesy funk, and hard Stax-styled soul. The other two vocal songs, the social commentary "Soulsville" and
1071-460: A combination of hyperuricosuria (high urine uric-acid levels) and low urine pH; hyperuricosuria alone is not associated with uric-acid stone formation if the urine pH is alkaline. Supersaturation of the urine is a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the development of any urinary calculus. Supersaturation is likely the underlying cause of uric acid and cystine stones, but calcium-based stones (especially calcium oxalate stones) may have
1190-519: A comeback on the Virgin label in May 1995 with Branded , an album of new material that earned impressive sales figures as well as positive reviews from critics who proclaimed it a return to form. A companion album released around the same time, Raw & Refined , featured a collection of previously unreleased instrumentals, both old and new. For the 1996 film Beavis and Butt-Head Do America , he wrote
1309-481: A description of surgery to remove them dating from as early as 600 BC in ancient India by Sushruta . Between 1% and 15% of people globally are affected by renal calculi at some point in their lives. In 2015, 22.1 million cases occurred, resulting in about 16,100 deaths. They have become more common in the Western world since the 1970s. Generally, more men are affected than women. The prevalence and incidence of
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#17327799743231428-447: A greater role than calcium intake. Calcium is not the only electrolyte that influences the formation of kidney stones. For example, by increasing urinary calcium excretion, high dietary sodium may increase the risk of stone formation. Drinking fluoridated tap water may increase the risk of kidney stone formation by a similar mechanism, though further epidemiologic studies are warranted to determine whether fluoride in drinking water
1547-483: A group. Then Floyd and Louis performed at another hotel in Amarillo, Texas , and this time it was a success. While having dinner with Louis, Floyd sees a groupie named Rosalee. He leaves with her to his room to have sex as Rosalee removes her dentures . The following morning, Floyd, still erected from the previous night, appears on the balcony and sees Louis. As Rosalee appears on the balcony with Floyd, Louis also has
1666-622: A hit single "Out The Ghetto," and also featured the popular "It's Heaven To Me." 1978's For the Sake of Love saw Hayes record a sequel to "Theme from Shaft " ("Shaft II"), but was best known for the single "Zeke The Freak," a song that would have a shelf life of decades and be a major part of the House movement in the UK. The same year, Fantasy Records , which had bought out Stax Records, released an album of Hayes's non-album singles and archived recordings as
1785-517: A hotel in Flagstaff, Arizona . They perform at the hotel, which turns out to be a disaster. As Floyd and Louis have an argument on stage after the failed performance, they recall the cause of the fallout in the first place involving Floyd sleeping with Louis's girlfriend. The next morning, they stop in the middle of the road after having car trouble. They hear their old song being played on the radio, and they start dancing reminiscing on their time as
1904-470: A jazzy, largely improvised effort that was commercially unsuccessful. Stax then went through a major upheaval, losing its biggest star when Otis Redding died in a plane crash in December 1967, and then losing its back catalog to Atlantic Records in May 1968. As a result, Stax executive vice president Al Bell called for 27 new albums to be completed in mid-1969; Hayes's second album, Hot Buttered Soul
2023-411: A large proportion of animal protein . Eating animal protein creates an acid load that increases urinary excretion of calcium and uric acid and reduced citrate. Urinary excretion of excess sulfurous amino acids (e.g., cysteine and methionine ), uric acid, and other acidic metabolites from animal protein acidifies the urine, which promotes the formation of kidney stones. Low urinary-citrate excretion
2142-567: A minor stroke in January. Hayes's spokeswoman, Amy Harnell, denied this, but on October 26, 2006, Hayes confirmed he had suffered a stroke. On August 10, 2008, at the age of 65, Hayes was found unresponsive in his home, just east of Memphis , as reported by the Shelby County, Tennessee Sheriff's Office. A Shelby County Sheriff's deputy and an ambulance from Rural Metro responded to his home after three family members found his body on
2261-425: A more complex cause. While supersaturation of urine may lead to crystalluria , it does not necessarily promote the formation of a kidney stone because the particle may not reach the sufficient size needed for renal attachment. On the other hand, Randall's plaques, which were first identified by Alexander Randall in 1937, are calcium phosphate deposits that form in the papillary interstitium and are thought to be
2380-483: A much younger woman named Chastity, who appeared to be Rosalee's daughter. Floyd and Louis escapes the hotel when Chastity's father arrive. As they stopped for gas, Floyd and Louis realize they have no money after being robbed by the same two women they each were with. So they contact Phillip, an intern who works for Danny, to provide funding for their trip. Unable to receive anything from Phillip, they arrive in Tulsa, OK at
2499-410: A musical comeback, embracing the style of drum machines and synth for 1986s U-Turn and 1988s Love Attack , though neither proved successful. In 1991, he was featured in a duet with fellow soul singer Barry White on White's ballad "Dark and Lovely (You Over There)." In 1995, Hayes appeared as a Las Vegas minister impersonating himself in the comedy series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air . He launched
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#17327799743232618-448: A possible four, saying it "will make you miss Bernie Mac" and also allowed Mac to hint at talent with dramatic roles that the comedian rarely had a chance to explore. The film opened at #6 with a gross of about $ 5 million, behind Zack and Miri Make a Porno , Changeling , High School Musical 3: Senior Year , Role Models , and Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (the latter also featured Mac; both films are dedicated in his memory). At
2737-691: A recurring minor role as the Jaffa Tolok on the television series Stargate SG-1 . The following year, he appeared in the critically acclaimed independent film Hustle & Flow . He also had a brief recurring role in UPN / The CW's Girlfriends as Eugene Childs (father of Toni). In the South Park episode " Trapped in the Closet ," a satire of Scientology that aired on November 16, 2005, Hayes did not appear in his role as Chef. While appearing on
2856-633: A section of Interstate 40 the "Isaac Hayes Memorial Highway." The name was applied to the stretch of highway in Shelby County from Sam Cooper Boulevard in Memphis east to the Fayette County line. The naming was made official at a ceremony held on Hayes's birth anniversary in August 2010. Hayes had 11 children, 14 grandchildren, and three great-grandchildren. His first marriage was to Dancy Hayes in 1960 and ended in divorce. His second marriage
2975-631: A singer at Curry's Club in North Memphis, backed by Ben Branch 's houseband. Hayes began his recording career in the early 1960s, as a session musician for acts recorded by the Memphis-based Stax Records . He later wrote a string of hit songs with songwriting partner David Porter , including "You Don't Know Like I Know," " Soul Man ," " When Something Is Wrong with My Baby " and "Hold On, I'm Comin' " for Sam & Dave . Hayes, Porter and Stax studio band Booker T. &
3094-554: A singer, thanks to the character's penchant for making conversational points in the form of crudely suggestive soul songs. A song from the series performed by Chef, " Chocolate Salty Balls (P.S. I Love You) ," received international radio airplay in 1999. It reached number one on the UK singles chart and also on the Irish singles chart . The track also appeared on the album Chef Aid: The South Park Album in 1998. In 2000, Hayes appeared on
3213-633: A single with the title theme. The soundtrack score of Truck Turner was eventually used by filmmaker Quentin Tarantino in the Kill Bill film series, and has been used for over 30 years as the opening score of Brazilian radio show Jornal de Esportes on the Jovem Pan station. Unlike most African American musicians of the period, Hayes did not sport an Afro haircut; his bald head became one of his defining characteristics. By 1974, Stax Records
3332-432: A solo artist while Louis and Floyd had a fallout that leads to them not speaking to each other for the next 30 years. Floyd, who recently retired and transferred his car dealership business to his nephew, was having difficulty adjusting to his new life. He received the news of the passing of Marcus. Louis, an ex-con who became an auto mechanic, was contacted by successful executive Danny Epstein. Danny asked Louis to perform at
3451-951: A tendency to form urate stones. Urate stones are especially common after colon resection . Uric acid stones appear as pleomorphic crystals, usually diamond-shaped. They may also look like squares or rods which are polarizable. People with certain rare inborn errors of metabolism have a propensity to accumulate crystal-forming substances in their urine. For example, those with cystinuria , cystinosis , and Fanconi syndrome may form stones composed of cystine . Cystine stone formation can be treated with urine alkalinization and dietary protein restriction. People affected by xanthinuria often produce stones composed of xanthine . People affected by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency may produce 2,8-dihydroxyadenine stones, alkaptonurics produce homogentisic acid stones, and iminoglycinurics produce stones of glycine , proline , and hydroxyproline . Urolithiasis has also been noted to occur in
3570-453: A tetragonal “envelope” appearance. About 10–15% of urinary calculi are composed of struvite (hexa-hydrated ammonium magnesium phosphate , NH 4 MgPO 4 ·6H 2 O). Struvite stones (also known as "infection stones," urease , or triple-phosphate stones) form most often in the presence of infection by urea-splitting bacteria . Using the enzyme urease, these organisms metabolize urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide . This alkalinizes
3689-555: A version of the Beavis and Butt-Head theme in the style of the Shaft theme. Hayes joined the founding cast of Comedy Central 's animated TV series South Park . He provided the voice for the character of " Chef ", the amorous elementary-school lunchroom cook, from the show's debut on August 13, 1997 (one week shy of his 55th birthday), through the end of its ninth season in 2006. The role of Chef combined his work both as an actor and as
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3808-553: Is a factor in stone formation. Individuals living in warm climates are at higher risk due to increased fluid loss. Obesity, immobility, and sedentary lifestyles are other leading risk factors. High dietary intake of animal protein , sodium , sugars including honey, refined sugars , fructose and high fructose corn syrup , and excessive consumption of fruit juices may increase the risk of kidney stone formation due to increased uric acid excretion and elevated urinary oxalate levels (whereas tea, coffee, wine and beer may decrease
3927-399: Is a way to prevent them. Drinking fluids such that more than two liters of urine are produced per day is recommended. If fluid intake alone is not effective to prevent renal calculi, the medications thiazide diuretic , citrate , or allopurinol may be suggested. Soft drinks containing phosphoric acid (typically colas ) should be avoided. When a calculus causes no symptoms, no treatment
4046-458: Is also commonly found in those with a high dietary intake of animal protein, whereas vegetarians tend to have higher levels of citrate excretion. Low urinary citrate, too, promotes stone formation. The evidence linking vitamin C supplements with an increased rate of kidney stones is inconclusive. The excess dietary intake of vitamin C might increase the risk of calcium-oxalate stone formation. The link between vitamin D intake and kidney stones
4165-411: Is also increased in patients who consume increased amounts of oxalate (found in vegetables and nuts). Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare autosomal recessive condition that usually presents in childhood. Calcium oxalate crystals can come in two varieties. Calcium oxalate monohydrate can appear as 'dumbbells' or as long ovals that resemble the individual posts in a picket fence. Calcium oxalate dihydrate have
4284-407: Is also not typically recommended in children. Otherwise a noncontrast helical CT scan with 5 millimeters (0.2 in) sections is the diagnostic method to use to detect kidney stones and confirm the diagnosis of kidney stone disease. Near all stones are detectable on CT scans with the exception of those composed of certain drug residues in the urine, such as from indinavir . Where a CT scan
4403-403: Is also tenuous. Excessive vitamin D supplementation may increase the risk of stone formation by increasing the intestinal absorption of calcium; correction of a deficiency does not. When the urine becomes supersaturated (when the urine solvent contains more solutes than it can hold in solution ) with one or more calculogenic (crystal-forming) substances, a seed crystal may form through
4522-492: Is associated with an increased incidence of kidney stones. High dietary intake of potassium appears to reduce the risk of stone formation because potassium promotes the urinary excretion of citrate , an inhibitor of calcium crystal formation. Kidney stones are more likely to develop, and to grow larger, if a person has low dietary magnesium . Magnesium inhibits stone formation. Diets in Western nations typically contain
4641-419: Is commonly accompanied by urinary urgency , restlessness, hematuria , sweating, nausea, and vomiting. It typically comes in waves lasting 20 to 60 minutes caused by peristaltic contractions of the ureter as it attempts to expel the stone. The embryological link between the urinary tract, the genital system , and the gastrointestinal tract is the basis of the radiation of pain to the gonads , as well as
4760-447: Is excruciating, intermittent pain that radiates from the flank to the groin or to the inner thigh. This is due to the transfer of referred pain signals from the lower thoracic splanchnic nerves to the lumbar splanchnic nerves as the stone passes down from the kidney or proximal ureter to the distal ureter. This pain, known as renal colic , is often described as one of the strongest pain sensations known. Renal colic caused by kidney stones
4879-503: Is linked to several mechanisms; citrate reduces urinary supersaturation of calcium salts by forming soluble complexes with calcium ions and by inhibiting crystal growth and aggregation. Therapy with potassium citrate is commonly prescribed in clinical practice to increase urinary citrate and to reduce stone formation rates. Alkali citrate is also used to increase urine citrate levels. It can be prescribed or found over-the-counter in pill, liquid or powder form. Diagnosis of kidney stones
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4998-429: Is made on the basis of information obtained from the history, physical examination, urinalysis , and radiographic studies. Clinical diagnosis is usually made on the basis of the location and severity of the pain, which is typically colicky in nature (comes and goes in spasmodic waves). Pain in the back occurs when calculi produce an obstruction in the kidney. Physical examination may reveal fever and tenderness at
5117-421: Is needed. For those with symptoms, pain control is usually the first measure, using medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioids . Larger calculi may be helped to pass with the medication tamsulosin or may require procedures such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy , ureteroscopy , or percutaneous nephrolithotomy . Renal calculi have affected humans throughout history with
5236-424: Is subdued by both. Floyd and Louis are then arrested. Floyd is released, but Louis stays in custody due to his parole violation. Floyd later breaks Louis out under the belief that he was dying. They track down Bay-Bay and Zig-Zag, who were with Lester when he tried to confront them earlier. They steal their car as they are fugitives of the law. As they're driving to New York for their concert, they discovered Phillip
5355-461: Is typically done with a 24-hour urine collection. The urine is analyzed for features that promote stone formation. Calcium is one component of the most common type of human kidney stones, calcium oxalate . Some studies suggest that people who take calcium or vitamin D as a dietary supplement have a higher risk of developing kidney stones. In the United States , kidney stone formation
5474-418: Is unavailable, an intravenous pyelogram may be performed to help confirm the diagnosis of urolithiasis . This involves intravenous injection of a contrast agent followed by a KUB film. Uroliths present in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder may be better defined by the use of this contrast agent. Stones can also be detected by a retrograde pyelogram , where a similar contrast agent is injected directly into
5593-494: Is useful for detecting stones in situations where X-rays or CT scans are discouraged, such as in children or pregnant women. Despite these advantages, renal ultrasonography in 2009 was not considered a substitute for noncontrast helical CT scan in the initial diagnostic evaluation of urolithiasis. The main reason for this is that, compared with CT, renal ultrasonography more often fails to detect small stones (especially ureteral stones) and other serious disorders that could be causing
5712-524: The Opie and Anthony radio show about a month after the episode aired, Hayes was asked, "What did you think about when Matt and Trey did that episode on Scientology?" He replied, "One thing about Matt and Trey: They lampoon everybody, and if you take that serious, I'll sell you the Brooklyn Bridge for two dollars. That's what they do." In an interview for The A.V. Club on January 4, 2006, Hayes
5831-474: The Apollo Theater with Floyd as a tribute to Marcus, but Louis declines. As Louis arrived home, he finds Floyd in his apartment. They have a disagreement about going to the concert until Floyd mentions that they will be paid $ 40,000, which was later revealed to be a lie. Louis would reluctantly agree to travel with Floyd across the country together for the reunion concert. They first stopped and stayed at
5950-651: The Memphis Tams . The prior owner was Charles O. Finley , the owner of the Oakland A's baseball team. Hayes's group renamed the team the Memphis Sounds . Despite a 66% increase in home attendance, hiring well regarded coach Joe Mullaney and, unlike in the prior three seasons, making the 1975 ABA Playoffs (losing to the eventual champion Kentucky Colonels in the Eastern Division semi-finals),
6069-574: The minor or major calyx , parts of the kidney that pass urine into the ureter (the tube connecting the kidneys to the urinary bladder). The condition is called ureterolithiasis when a calculus is located in the ureter. Stones may also form or pass into the bladder, a condition referred to as bladder stones . Stones less than 5 mm (0.2 in) in diameter pass spontaneously in up to 98% of cases, while those measuring 5 to 10 mm (0.2 to 0.4 in) in diameter pass spontaneously in less than 53% of cases. Stones that are large enough to fill out
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#17327799743236188-418: The 19-minute jam "Do Your Thing," would be edited down to hit singles. He won an " Academy Award for Best Original Song " for the "Theme from Shaft ," and in addition was nominated for Best Original Dramatic Score. Later in the year, Hayes released a double album, Black Moses , that expanded on his earlier sounds and featured The Jackson 5 's song " Never Can Say Goodbye ." Another single, "I Can't Help It,"
6307-547: The 2003 BMI Urban Awards for his enduring influence on generations of musicians. Throughout his songwriting career, Hayes received five BMI R&B Awards, two BMI Pop Awards, two BMI Urban Awards and six Million-Air citations. As of 2008, his songs had generated more than 12 million performances. Isaac Lee Hayes Jr. was born in Covington, Tennessee , the second child of Eula ( née Wade) and Isaac Hayes Sr. After his mother died young and his father abandoned his family, Hayes
6426-605: The 30th anniversary of Freedom Magazine , the Church of Scientology 's self-described investigative news journal, at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. , to honor eleven activists. In 2001, Hayes and Doug E. Fresh , another Scientologist musician, recorded a Scientology-inspired album called The Joy of Creating – The Golden Era Musicians and Friends Play L. Ron Hubbard . The Isaac Hayes Foundation
6545-570: The Century . During the late 1960s, Hayes also began a career as a recording artist. He released several successful soul albums such as Hot Buttered Soul (1969) and Black Moses (1971). In addition to his work in popular music , Hayes worked as a film composer . Hayes was known for his musical score for the film Shaft (1971). For the " Theme from Shaft ," he was awarded the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1972, making him
6664-547: The M.G.'s were also the producers for Sam & Dave, Carla Thomas and other Stax artists during the mid-1960s. One of the first Stax records Hayes played on was "Winter Snow" by Booker T. and The M.G.s (Stax 45–236), which indicates "Introducing Isaac Hayes on piano" on the label. Hayes-Porter contributed to the Stax sound of this period, and Sam & Dave credited Hayes for helping develop both their sound and style. In 1968, Hayes released his debut album, Presenting Isaac Hayes ,
6783-597: The March 13 statement was made in Hayes's name, but not by Hayes himself. He wrote: "Isaac Hayes did not quit South Park . My sources say that someone quit it for him. ... Friends in Memphis tell me that Hayes did not issue any statements on his own about South Park . They are mystified." In a 2016 oral history of South Park in The Hollywood Reporter , Hayes's son Isaac Hayes III said the decision to leave
6902-659: The abdomen. What was believed to be life threatening, Louis reveals he just has a kidney stone . When the police arrived at the theater, Louis and Floyd runs into hiding, unaware they were hiding in a piano shaped casket where Marcus's body lays. The casket opens, and Floyd and Louis steps out on to the stage to perform their hit "Walk In the Park", once again with Cleo before being taken back into police custody. An epilogue reads that after Floyd and Louis were released on good behavior, they went back touring with Cleo as their new lead singer, and Phillip as their new manager. The score for
7021-412: The age of 21. After graduating from high school, Hayes was offered several music scholarships from colleges and universities. He turned down all of them to provide for his immediate family, working at a meat-packing plant in Memphis by day and playing nightclubs and juke joints several evenings a week in Memphis and nearby northern Mississippi . Hayes's first professional gigs, in the late 1950s, were as
7140-523: The amount of oxalate available for absorption into the bloodstream increases; this oxalate is then excreted in greater amounts into the urine by the kidneys. In the urine, oxalate is a very strong promoter of calcium oxalate precipitation—about 15 times stronger than calcium. A 2004 study found that diets low in calcium are associated with a higher overall risk for kidney stone formation. For most individuals, other risk factors for kidney stones, such as high intakes of dietary oxalates and low fluid intake, play
7259-462: The chemical composition of the crystal, the stone-forming process may proceed more rapidly when the urine pH is unusually high or low. Supersaturation of the urine with respect to a calculogenic compound is pH-dependent. For example, at a pH of 7.0, the solubility of uric acid in urine is 158 mg/100 mL. Reducing the pH to 5.0 decreases the solubility of uric acid to less than 8 mg/100 mL. The formation of uric-acid stones requires
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#17327799743237378-467: The club finally folded during preseason play for the 1975–1976 season. In 1976, the album cover of Juicy Fruit featured Hayes in a pool with naked women, and spawned the title track single and the classic "Storm Is Over." Later the same year the Groove-A-Thon album featured the singles "Rock Me Easy Baby" and the title track. However, while all these albums were regarded as solid efforts, Hayes
7497-405: The conclusion of its domestic theatrical run on February 5, 2009, the film's gross was $ 12,082,391. Director Malcolm D. Lee said the movie was a box office failure because "nobody gave a shit about two old R&B singers." In February 2009, singer Sam Moore of the musical duo Sam & Dave filed suit against The Weinstein Company and other producers. Moore alleged copyright infringement on
7616-524: The costovertebral angle on the affected side. Calcium-containing stones are relatively radiodense (opaque to X-rays ), and they can often be detected by a traditional radiography of the abdomen that includes the kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB film ). KUB radiography, although useful in monitoring size of stone or passage of stone in stone formers, might not be useful in the acute setting due to low sensitivity. Some 60% of all renal stones are radiopaque. In general, calcium phosphate stones have
7735-399: The country's behalf. With Otis Redding With Wilson Pickett With Donald Byrd and 125th Street, N.Y.C. With Linda Clifford With Albert King With William Bell With Dionne Warwick With Rufus Thomas Kidney stone Kidney stone disease , also known as renal calculus disease , nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis , is a crystallopathy where
7854-424: The development of calcium oxalate stones. The formation of calcium phosphate stones is associated with conditions such as hyperparathyroidism and renal tubular acidosis . Oxaluria is increased in patients with certain gastrointestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's disease or in patients who have undergone resection of the small bowel or small-bowel bypass procedures. Oxaluria
7973-524: The disco sound with the title track and lead single. "I Can't Turn Around" would prove a popular song as time went on. This would be Hayes's last album to chart in the top 40 for many years. Later in the year, the all-instrumental Disco Connection album fully embraced disco. On July 17, 1974, Hayes, along with Mike Storen , Avron Fogelman , and Kemmons Wilson , took over ownership of the American Basketball Association team
8092-409: The disease rises worldwide and continues to be challenging for patients, physicians, and healthcare systems alike. In this context, epidemiological studies are striving to elucidate the worldwide changes in the patterns and the burden of the disease and identify modifiable risk factors that contribute to the development of renal calculi. The hallmark of a stone that obstructs the ureter or renal pelvis
8211-475: The distal ostium of the ureter (where the ureter terminates as it enters the bladder). Renal ultrasonography can sometimes be useful, because it gives details about the presence of hydronephrosis , suggesting that the stone is blocking the outflow of urine. Radiolucent stones, which do not appear on KUB, may show up on ultrasound imaging studies. Other advantages of renal ultrasonography include its low cost and absence of radiation exposure . Ultrasound imaging
8330-461: The ensuing years. In 1996, Hayes began hosting The Isaac Hayes and Friends Radio Show on WRKS in New York City. While there, Hayes became a client of the vegan raw food chef Elijah Joy and his company Organic Soul Inc. Hayes also appears in the Scientology film Orientation . In 1998, Hayes and fellow Scientologist entertainers Anne Archer , Chick Corea and Haywood Nelson attended
8449-463: The film a positive review stating that " Soul Men features lively performances from Bernie Mac and Samuel L. Jackson , and some hilarious moments, but ultimately suffers from an unoriginal script." Metacritic , another review aggregator, reported that critics gave the film an average score of 49/100, based on 23 reviews. Roger Ebert of The Chicago Sun-Times gave the Soul Men three stars out of
8568-488: The film was composed by Stanley Clarke . The song, " I'm Your Puppet ", which serves as the fictional trio's 1969 hit single, was actually a hit for James & Bobby Purify in 1966. The official soundtrack was released November 4, 2008 by Stax Records , and features music by John Legend , Isaac Hayes , Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings , and others. Soul Men received mixed reviews from film critics. Based on 100 reviews, Rotten Tomatoes reported that 45% of critics gave
8687-437: The film was ever confused with reality. Thus, the case was dismissed on summary judgment in May 2012. The film was released on DVD on February 10, 2009 and by the 5th week, about 483,360 units have been sold, bringing in $ 9,443,721 in revenue. This does not include Blu-ray Disc sales. Isaac Hayes Isaac Lee Hayes Jr. (August 20, 1942 – August 10, 2008) was an American singer, songwriter, composer, and actor. He
8806-457: The floor next to a still-operating treadmill. Hayes was taken to Baptist Memorial Hospital in Memphis, where he was pronounced dead at 2:08 p.m. The cause of death was not immediately clear, although the area medical examiners later listed a recurrence of stroke as the cause of death. Hayes was buried at Memorial Park Cemetery , in Memphis, Tennessee. The Tennessee General Assembly enacted legislation in 2010 to honor Hayes by naming
8925-433: The formation of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones; in addition, magnesium and citrate operate synergistically to inhibit kidney stones. The efficacy of magnesium in subduing stone formation and growth is dose-dependent . Hypocitraturia or low urinary-citrate excretion (variably defined as less than 320 mg/day) can be a contributing cause of kidney stones in up to 2/3 of cases. The protective role of citrate
9044-428: The four-song template of his previous album. Jerry Butler's "I Stand Accused" begins with a trademark spoken word monologue, and Bacharach's " I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself " is re-worked. The latter album included " The Look of Love ," another Bacharach song transformed into an 11-minute epic of lush orchestral rhythm (mid-way it breaks into a rhythm guitar jam for a couple of minutes before suddenly resuming
9163-432: The greatest density, followed by calcium oxalate and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones. Cystine calculi are only faintly radiodense , while uric acid stones are usually entirely radiolucent . In people with a history of stones, those who are less than 50 years of age and are presenting with the symptoms of stones without any concerning signs do not require helical CT scan imaging. A computed tomography (CT) scan
9282-488: The groin ( renal colic ). A calculus may also result in blood in the urine , vomiting, or painful urination . About half of people who have had a renal calculus are likely to have another within ten years. Most calculi form by a combination of genetics and environmental factors. Risk factors include high urine calcium levels , obesity , certain foods, some medications, calcium supplements , hyperparathyroidism , gout and not drinking enough fluids. Calculi form in
9401-412: The home of Odetta, the woman they knew when they were younger. They see a man named Lester, a rapper and drug dealer, answers the door. Then they meet Cleo, Odetta's daughter. And she informs them Odetta died of cancer . Floyd and Louis hears a baseline playing in the house, and they see Lester illegally samples one of their old records with his friends Bay-Bay and Zig-Zag. Cleo then ends the argument among
9520-411: The hotel in Memphis. After each of Louis and Floyd's reservations were declined due to previous damages they've caused to the hotel years prior, Phillip covers their reservations. Floyd and Louis perform at the hotel, this time with Cleo as their lead singer. Her performance attracts the attention of fellow soul singing legend Isaac Hayes. Lester follows the group to Memphis, and then abducts Phillip. Floyd
9639-488: The kidney when minerals in urine are at high concentration. The diagnosis is usually based on symptoms, urine testing , and medical imaging . Blood tests may also be useful. Calculi are typically classified by their location: nephrolithiasis (in the kidney), ureterolithiasis (in the ureter ), cystolithiasis (in the bladder ), or by what they are made of ( calcium oxalate , uric acid , struvite , cystine ). In those who have had renal calculi, drinking fluids
9758-423: The marks "Soul Man" and "Soul Men", claiming the movie is based on the careers of Sam & Dave who did not speak for years after a feud, and had a major hit with the 1967 song " Soul Man ". The suit also claimed the film damaged Moore's reputation and career. The judge agreed there were "broad similarities" between Moore's life and the film's story, but also noted Moore was not named in the film and there no evidence
9877-448: The men. One night, Louis sees Cleo singing and playing on her piano, seeing she has musical talent. The next morning as they ask Cleo if she wants to go to Memphis, Tennessee with them, they see she was physically abused by Lester. Louis then confronts Lester. Lester pulls out a gun but is then manhandled by Louis. Louis forces Lester to apologize to both Floyd and Cleo, then breaks Lester's arm. Floyd, Louis and Cleo meet with Phillip at
9996-490: The most common type of kidney stones worldwide contains calcium. For example, calcium-containing stones represent about 80% of all cases in the United States; these typically contain calcium oxalate either alone or in combination with calcium phosphate in the form of apatite or brushite . Factors that promote the precipitation of oxalate crystals in the urine, such as primary hyperoxaluria , are associated with
10115-470: The movies Truck Turner (1974), Escape from New York (1981) and I'm Gonna Git You Sucka (1988), and as Gandolf "Gandy" Fitch in the TV series The Rockford Files (1974–1980). Hayes also voiced the character Chef in the Comedy Central animated series South Park from its debut in 1997 until his controversial departure in 2006. On August 5, 2003, Hayes was honored as a BMI Icon at
10234-466: The nausea and vomiting that are also common in urolithiasis. Postrenal azotemia and hydronephrosis can be observed following the obstruction of urine flow through one or both ureters. Pain in the lower-left quadrant can sometimes be confused with diverticulitis because the sigmoid colon overlaps the ureter, and the exact location of the pain may be difficult to isolate due to the proximity of these two structures. Dehydration from low fluid intake
10353-493: The nidus required for stone development. In addition to Randall's plugs, which form in the Duct of Bellini , these structures can generate reactive oxygen species that further enhance stone formation. Some bacteria have roles in promoting stone formation. Specifically, urease-positive bacteria, such as Proteus mirabilis can produce the enzyme urease , which converts urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide . This increases
10472-405: The process of nucleation . Heterogeneous nucleation (where there is a solid surface present on which a crystal can grow) proceeds more rapidly than homogeneous nucleation (where a crystal must grow in a liquid medium with no such surface), because it requires less energy. Adhering to cells on the surface of a renal papilla , a seed crystal can grow and aggregate into an organized mass. Depending on
10591-523: The risk). Kidney stones can result from an underlying metabolic condition, such as distal renal tubular acidosis , Dent's disease , hyperparathyroidism , primary hyperoxaluria , or medullary sponge kidney . 3–20% of people who form kidney stones have medullary sponge kidney. Kidney stones are more common in people with Crohn's disease ; Crohn's disease is associated with hyperoxaluria and malabsorption of magnesium. A person with recurrent kidney stones may be screened for such disorders. This
10710-425: The setting of therapeutic drug use, with crystals of drug forming within the renal tract in some people currently being treated with agents such as indinavir , sulfadiazine , and triamterene . Urolithiasis refers to stones originating anywhere in the urinary system, including the kidneys and bladder. Nephrolithiasis refers to the presence of such stones in the kidneys. Calyceal calculi are aggregations in either
10829-520: The show was made by his father's entourage, all of whom were ardent Scientologists, and that it was made after Hayes suffered a stroke, leaving him vulnerable to outside influence and unable to make such decisions on his own. The first South Park episode that premiered after Hayes's death, " The China Probrem ," was dedicated to him. Hayes's income was sharply reduced as a result of leaving South Park . There followed announcements that he would be touring and performing. A Fox News reporter present at
10948-403: The slow love song). An edited three-minute version was issued as a single. The album featured the instrumental "Ike's Mood," which segues into a version of " You've Lost That Loving Feeling ." Hayes released a Christmas single, "The Mistletoe and Me" (with "Winter Snow" as a B-side ). In early 1971, Hayes composed music for the soundtrack of the blaxploitation film Shaft (he appeared in
11067-560: The soundtrack of the French movie The Magnet on the song "Is It Really Home" written and composed by rapper Akhenaton (IAM) and composer Bruno Coulais. In 2002, Hayes was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . After he played a set at the 2002 Glastonbury Festival , a documentary highlighting Isaac's career and his impact on many of the Memphis artists in the 1960s onwards was produced, Only The Strong Survive . In 2004, Hayes appeared in
11186-402: The standard three-minute soul/pop songs. "Walk On By" would be the first of many times Hayes would take a Burt Bacharach standard, generally known as three-minute pop songs by Dionne Warwick or Dusty Springfield , and transform it into a soulful, lengthy and almost gospel number. In 1970, Hayes released two albums, The Isaac Hayes Movement and ...To Be Continued . The former stuck to
11305-454: The symptoms. On the contrary, a 2014 study suggested that ultrasonography should be used as the initial diagnostic imaging test, with further imaging studies be performed at the discretion of the physician on the basis of clinical judgment, and using ultrasonography rather than CT as an initial diagnostic test results in less radiation exposure and equally good outcome. Laboratory investigations typically carried out include: By far,
11424-712: The team's financial problems continued. The group was given a deadline of June 1, 1975, to sell 4,000 season tickets, obtain new investors and arrange a more favorable lease for the team at the Mid-South Coliseum . However, the group did not come through and the ABA took over the team, selling it to a group in Maryland that renamed the team the Baltimore Hustlers and then the Baltimore Claws before
11543-560: The third black person, after Hattie McDaniel and Sidney Poitier , to win an Academy Award in any competitive field covered by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Hayes also won two Grammy Awards that same year. Later, he won his third Grammy for his album Black Moses . In 1992, Hayes was crowned honorary king of the Ada region of Ghana in recognition of his humanitarian work there. He acted in films and television, such as in
11662-998: The urinary pH and promotes struvite stone formation. Additionally, non-urease producing bacteria can provide bacterial components that promote calcium oxalate crystallization, though this mechanism is poorly understood. Normal urine contains chelating agents, such as citrate , that inhibit the nucleation , growth , and aggregation of calcium-containing crystals. Other endogenous inhibitors include calgranulin (an S-100 calcium-binding protein ), Tamm–Horsfall protein , glycosaminoglycans , uropontin (a form of osteopontin ), nephrocalcin (an acidic glycoprotein ), pro thrombin F1 peptide, and bikunin ( uronic acid -rich protein). The biochemical mechanisms of action of these substances have not yet been thoroughly elucidated. However, when these substances fall below their normal proportions, stones can form from an aggregation of crystals. Sufficient dietary intake of magnesium and citrate inhibits
11781-513: The urine is excessively acidic (low pH ), resulting in precipitation of uric acid crystals. A diagnosis of uric acid urolithiasis is supported by the presence of a radiolucent stone in the face of persistent urine acidity, in conjunction with the finding of uric acid crystals in fresh urine samples. As noted above (section on calcium oxalate stones), people with inflammatory bowel disease ( Crohn's disease , ulcerative colitis ) tend to have hyperoxaluria and form oxalate stones. They also have
11900-1040: The urine, resulting in favorable conditions for the formation of struvite stones. Proteus mirabilis , Proteus vulgaris , and Morganella morganii are the most common organisms isolated; less common organisms include Ureaplasma urealyticum and some species of Providencia , Klebsiella , Serratia , and Enterobacter . These infection stones are commonly observed in people who have factors that predispose them to urinary tract infections , such as those with spinal cord injury and other forms of neurogenic bladder , ileal conduit urinary diversion , vesicoureteral reflux , and obstructive uropathies . They are also commonly seen in people with underlying metabolic disorders, such as idiopathic hypercalciuria , hyperparathyroidism , and gout . Infection stones can grow rapidly, forming large calyceal staghorn ( antler -shaped) calculi requiring invasive surgery such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy for definitive treatment. Struvite stones (triple-phosphate/magnesium ammonium phosphate) have
12019-529: Was able to recover financially. Hayes's fourth wife, Adjowa, gave birth to a son named Nana Kwadjo Hayes on April 10, 2006. He also had one son to whom he gave his name, Isaac Hayes III , known as rap producer Ike Dirty. Hayes's eldest daughter is named Jackie, also named co-executor of his estate, and other children include Veronica, Felicia, Melanie, Nikki, Lili, Darius, Vincent and Heather. Hayes took his first Scientology course in 1993, later contributing endorsement blurbs for many Scientology books over
12138-488: Was about to tell Cleo that he is her father, only to find out that he isn't. Floyd then discovers, according to Cleo, that Louis is actually her father. And a physical altercation ensues between Floyd and Louis over the matter. Louis stated after the fight that it was a bad idea to be in Cleo's life because he ruined his own. Cleo, hearing his statement, runs away in tears. Lester tried to confront Louis and Floyd in retaliation but
12257-450: Was again asked about the episode. He said that he told the creators, Matt Stone and Trey Parker , "Guys, you have it all wrong. We're not like that. I know that's your thing, but get your information correct, because somebody might believe that shit, you know?" He then told them to take a couple of Scientology courses to understand what they do. In the interview, Hayes defended South Park ' s style of controversial humor, noting that he
12376-503: Was back in 1973 with an acclaimed live double album, Live at the Sahara Tahoe , and followed it up with the album Joy . He moved away from cover songs with this album. An edited version of the title track would be a hit single. In 1974, Hayes was featured in the blaxploitation films Three Tough Guys and Truck Turner , and he recorded soundtracks for both. Tough Guys was almost devoid of vocals and Truck Turner yielded
12495-587: Was founded in 1999 by Hayes. In February 2006, Hayes appeared in a Youth for Human Rights International music video called "United". YHRI is a human rights group founded by the Church of Scientology-backed non-profit United for Human Rights. He was also involved in other human rights related groups such as the One Campaign . Isaac Hayes was crowned a chief in Ghana for his humanitarian work and economic efforts on
12614-739: Was having serious financial problems, stemming from problems with overextension and limited record sales and distribution. Hayes himself was deep in debt to Union Planters Bank , which administered loans for the Stax label and many of its other key employees. In September of that year, Hayes sued Stax for $ 5.3 million. As Stax was in deep debt and could not pay, the label made an arrangement with Hayes and Union Planters: Stax released Hayes from his recording and production contracts, and Union Planters would collect all of Hayes's income and apply it towards his debts. Hayes formed his own label, Hot Buttered Soul, which released its product through ABC Records . His new album, 1975's Chocolate Chip , saw Hayes embrace
12733-602: Was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . " Soul Man ," written by Hayes and Porter and first performed by Sam & Dave , was recognized as one of the most influential songs of the past 50 years by the Grammy Hall of Fame . It was also honored by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , Rolling Stone magazine, and the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) as one of the Songs of
12852-400: Was no longer on good terms with Parker and Stone. During the spring of 2008, Hayes shot scenes for Soul Men , a comedy inspired by the history of Stax Records, in which he appears as himself in a supporting role. The film was released in November 2008, after both Hayes and his costar, Bernie Mac , had died. On March 20, 2006, Roger Friedman of Fox News reported that Hayes had suffered
12971-525: Was no longer selling large numbers. He and his wife were forced into bankruptcy in 1976, as they owed over $ 6 million. By the end of the bankruptcy proceedings in 1977, Hayes had lost his home, much of his personal property, and the rights to all future royalties earned from the music he had written, performed, and produced. In 1977, Hayes was back with a new deal with Polydor Records, a live album of duets with Dionne Warwick did moderately well, and his comeback studio album New Horizon sold better and enjoyed
13090-439: Was not featured on the album. In 1972, Hayes would record the theme tune for the television series The Men and release a hit single (with "Type Thang" as a B-side). He released a couple of other non-album singles during the year, such as " If Loving You Is Wrong (I Don't Want to Be Right) " and "Rolling Down a Mountainside." Atlantic would re-release Hayes's debut album this year with the new title In The Beginning . Hayes
13209-494: Was not pleased with the show's treatment of Scientology, but saying that he "understands what Matt and Trey are doing." On March 13, 2006, a statement was issued in Hayes's name, indicating that he was asking to be released from his contract with Comedy Central , calling recent episodes that satirized religious beliefs intolerant. "There is a place in this world for satire, but there is a time when satire ends and intolerance and bigotry towards religious beliefs of others begins", he
13328-541: Was one of the creative forces behind the Southern soul music label Stax Records in the 1960s, serving as an in-house songwriter with his partner David Porter , as well as a session musician and record producer. Hayes and Porter were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2005 in recognition of writing scores of songs for themselves, the duo Sam & Dave , Carla Thomas , and others. In 2002, Hayes
13447-479: Was quoted as saying in the press-statement. However, the statement did not directly mention Scientology. A response from Stone said that Hayes's complaints stemmed from the show's criticism of Scientology and that he "has no problem –and he's cashed plenty of checks– with our show making fun of Christians, Muslims, Mormons, or Jews." On March 20, 2006, two days before the episode " The Return of Chef " aired, Roger Friedman of Fox News reported having been told that
13566-589: Was raised by his maternal grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Willie Wade Sr. The child of a sharecropper family, Hayes grew up working on farms in the Tennessee counties of Shelby and Tipton . At age five, Hayes began singing at his local church and he taught himself to play the piano, Hammond organ, flute, and saxophone. Hayes dropped out of high school, but his former teachers at Manassas High School in Memphis encouraged him to complete his diploma, which he did at
13685-554: Was stuffed in the trunk the whole time. Phillip contacts Danny about The Real Deal still on their way to perform. However, Phillip is fired, and Floyd and Louis were removed from the show. They still attend the Apollo Theater for their performance. After arriving, Floyd convinces Danny to let them back in the show, confiding that Louis is dying. Isaac Hayes greets them at their dressing room and surprises them with Cleo appearing. As Louis and Cleo reconcile, Louis experiences pain in
13804-456: Was the most successful of these releases. On Hot Buttered Soul , Hayes reinterpreted " Walk On By " (previously recorded by Dionne Warwick) into a 12-minute exploration. " By the Time I Get to Phoenix " starts with an eight-minute-long monologue before breaking into song, and the lone original number, the funky "Hyperbolicsyllabicsesquedalymistic" runs nearly ten minutes, a significant break from
13923-402: Was to Emily Ruth Watson on November 24, 1965, which ended in divorce in 1972. Children from this marriage included Vincent Eric Hayes, Melanie Mia Hayes, and Nicole A. Hayes (Murrell). He married bank teller Mignon Harley on April 18, 1973, and they divorced in 1986; they had two children. Hayes and his wife were eventually forced into bankruptcy, owing over $ 6 million. Over the years, Isaac Hayes
14042-424: Was under the influence of a substance, and Carolla and co-host Teresa Strasser asked Hayes if he had ever used marijuana . After some confusion on what was being asked, Hayes replied that he had only ever tried it once. During the interview the radio hosts made light of Hayes's awkward answers, and replayed snippets of earlier ones to simulate conversation with his co-hosts. Hayes stated during this interview that he
14161-606: Was used as an indicator of excess calcium intake by the Reference Daily Intake committee for calcium in adults. In the early 1990s, a study conducted for the Women's Health Initiative in the US found that postmenopausal women who consumed 1000 mg of supplemental calcium and 400 international units of vitamin D per day for seven years had a 17% higher risk of developing kidney stones than subjects taking
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