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15-532: The origin of the name Souli is uncertain. In the earliest historical text about Souli, written by Christoforos Perraivos in 1803, an oral tradition of the locals is recorded. According to this, the first settlers of Souli were shepherds who came from a village called Gardiki trying to avoid the Ottoman oppression. A certain Muslim ("Turk" in the text) named Soulis attempted to expel the early Souliotes from there but

30-538: A lesser extent. The Castle of Kiafia, constructed by Ali Pasha of the Ottoman Empire in order to hide his treasure and money, is completely abandoned and in ruin. The present municipality of Souli was formed in the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 3 former municipalities, which became municipal units: The municipality has an area of 502.8 km, and the municipal unit 93.2 km. The province of Souli ( Greek : Επαρχία Σουλίου )

45-778: A member of the Albanian Regiment , established the same year (Boppe, p. 11). Memoirs of his service under the Russians and the French are included in his “History of Souli and Parga”. This work was written in Corfu in 1801, where he stayed till 1817. Its first volume was published in Greek in 1803 in Paris and includes the earliest historical essay on Souli based on first-hand informations gathered from Souliotes refugees fighters in

60-621: A member of this organization. Following the orders of the Eteria he travelled to the semi-autonomous Mani Peninsula to organize the revolution against the Ottoman Empire. In Wallachia , he met Alexander Ypsilantis , the political and military head of the Greek revolution, in 1820 and tried to persuade him to postpone the uprising. However, Ypsilantis, resolved to begin the revolution in March 1821, sent Perraivos to Epirus to coordinate with

75-716: The Fourth National Assembly at Argos as a representative of Thessaly. After independence, he authored his "War memoirs". He served in the regular army of the new Greek Kingdom as a lieutenant general, and was promoted to General by King Otto of Greece in 1844. He died on 4 May 1863 in Athens . Dmitry Senyavin Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include

90-792: The Greek School in Bucharest , and in 1796 to study medicine in Vienna. There he met the Greek humanist and revolutionary Rigas Feraios and entered an underground revolutionary organization. In 1797, Perraivos was arrested with Rigas and others by the Austrian authorities in Trieste but, unlike Rigas Feraios who was handed over to the Turks, Perraivos was released. Afterwards, he left for Corfu , then under French administration , and enlisted in

105-665: The Souliotes and other captains whom he knew from Corfu. He was in Epirus on the outbreak of the revolution (March 1821) and fought with the Souliotes in various battles, as in the siege of the Riniassa castle. After the treaty between Souliotes and Ottomans and the evacuation of Souli, he went to Missolonghi and then to other parts of Greece, participating in many military campaigns and political missions. In 1829, he participated in

120-568: The citizens of Souli rebelled against the Ottoman rule . It was noted that in 1972 that there was still an Albanian minority in Souli. Today, many Souliote villages, churches, and fortifications are left partially abandoned due to immigration to other countries, as well as moving to larger towns like Paramythia. Some examples of partly abandoned or sparsely populated villages are Koukoulii (sometimes referred to as Kouklious), Zotiko, and Tsaggario to

135-647: The foreign units of the French army. He remained there when the Russians took over the Ionian Islands in 1798. He fell into disfavour with the Russians but he managed to stay in Corfu and to serve in the army, thanks to the protection of the Greeks Eleftherios Benakis (a Russian agent) and Georgios Palatinos (secretary of the Russian Admiral). In Corfu, he worked also as a teacher in Greek schools from 1804. During 1805–1806, he

150-664: The island. It also includes information on the activities of Russia, France and Britain in the Ionian and Adriatic during the Napoleonic Wars and the wars against Ali Pasha and the Ottomans. It was translated into Italian by C. Gherardini in 1815 and from Italian to English in 1823. In 1817, after the departure of French from Corfu, he emigrated to Russia. In Odessa he met the leaders of the Filiki Eteria and became

165-561: The latter resisted with arms. In the battle they killed Soulis and since then the area was named Souli. However, Fourikis (1934) goes as far as proposing that Perraivos invented this explanation himself. The most commonly accepted theory in contemporary historiography, as suggested by Fourikis (1934), states that Souli derives from the Albanian term sul , which means "mountain peak" , while it may also be interpreted as "watchpost, lookout, mountain summit". The municipality owes its name to

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180-406: The villages of Souli that are located in the southern part of this region. Those villages were originally settled by the Souliotes, a warlike Orthodox community who sought refuge in the mountainous terrain from the Ottomans. Those villages in the early 19th century had a population of c. 12,000. After their expulsion, the population of the region was significantly reduced. In the 18th and 19th century,

195-542: Was attached to the Russian admiral Mikhail Dolgorukov and later was given the rank of major by the Russian admiral Dmitry Senyavin . As a commander of 4 units of 100 men (" hekatontarchies ") he defended the island of Lefkada (one of the Ionian islands, then "Santa Maura") that was threatened by Ali Pasha . When the French occupied the Ionian Islands for a second time in 1807, he retained his rank and became

210-533: Was born on 3 April 1773 in the village of Palioi Poroi , Pieria . His family name was Hatzivasiliou (Χατζηβασιλείου), but adopted the nickname “Perraivos” alluding to the Perrhaebi , an ancient Greek tribe of Thessaly. It is believed that he was an illegitimate son of a certain monk Hieronymos, an official at the Metropolis of Larissa . In 1793, with the help of the said Hieronymos, he left Greece to study at

225-462: Was one of the provinces of Thesprotia. It had the same territory as the present municipality. It was abolished in 2006. Christoforos Perraivos Christoforos Perraivos ( Greek : Χριστόφορος Περραιβός ; 1773–1863) was a Greek officer of the Greek War of Independence , member of the Filiki Eteria and author. In non-Greek sources his name is usually found as Per(r)evo(s). Perraivos

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