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50-590: (Redirected from South-West University ) Southwest University may refer to: Southwest University , a public university in Beibei, Chongqing, China Southwest University (Louisiana) , a private for-profit university in Kenner, Louisiana, United States South-West University "Neofit Rilski" , a university in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria, Southeast Europe University of

100-568: A first-class learning environment and guaranteeing conditions for growth and success. The college has independent classrooms, libraries, and activity rooms. It has established the "Hanhong College Special Scholarship" and provides international exchange visiting programs. It encourages students to enter projects, laboratories, and teams early, and provides students with scientific research training. The college has set up special indicators for recommending and exempting master's degree students. The annual further study rate of graduates remains above 80%, and

150-498: A legend indicates the discovery of the silkworm's silk was by an ancient empress named Leizu , the wife of the Yellow Emperor , also known as Xi Lingshi. She was drinking tea under a tree when a silk cocoon fell into her tea. As she picked it out and started to wrap the silk thread around her finger, she slowly felt a warm sensation. When the silk ran out, she saw a small larva. In an instant, she realized this caterpillar larva

200-526: A mate, and it lacks fear of potential predators. The native color pigments have also been lost, so the domestic silk moths are leucistic , since camouflage is not useful when they only live in captivity. These changes have made B. mori entirely dependent upon humans for survival, and it does not exist in the wild. The eggs are kept in incubators to aid in their hatching. Silkworms were first domesticated in China more than 5,000 years ago. Silkworm breeding

250-453: A number of days. Silkworms have been used in antibiotic discovery, as they have several advantageous traits compared to other invertebrate models. Antibiotics such as lysocin E , a non-ribosomal peptide synthesized by Lysobacter sp. RH2180-5 and GPI0363 are among the notable antibiotics discovered using silkworms. In addition, antibiotics with appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters were selected that correlated with therapeutic activity in

300-450: A science project. Students have a chance to observe complete life cycles of insects from eggs to larvae to pupae to moths. The domestic silk moth has been raised as a hobby in countries such as China, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Iran. Children often pass on the eggs to the next generation, creating a non-commercial population. The experience provides children with the opportunity to witness the life cycle of silk moths. The full genome of

350-532: A season, and they are generally found in and around Europe. Univoltine eggs must hibernate through the winter, ultimately cross-fertilizing in spring. Bivoltine varieties are normally found in East Asia, and their accelerated breeding process is made possible by slightly warmer climates. In addition, there are polyvoltine silkworms found only in the tropics. Their eggs typically hatch within 9 to 12 days, meaning there can be up to eight generations of larvae throughout

400-440: A silkworm that is genetically altered to produce spider silk. In September 2010, the effort was announced as successful. Researchers at Tufts developed scaffolds made of spongy silk that feel and look similar to human tissue. They are implanted during reconstructive surgery to support or restructure damaged ligaments, tendons, and other tissue. They also created implants made of silk and drug compounds which can be implanted under

450-521: Is a comprehensive university sponsored by the Ministry of Education of China. It was founded in July 2005 with the merger of Southwest Normal University and Southwest Agricultural University , both of whose histories are over 100 years. It is one of the " Double First Class University Plan " and abolished " 211 Project " universities which get preferential support for their development and construction from

500-485: Is aimed at the overall improvement of silkworms from a commercial point of view. The major objectives are improving fecundity , the health of larvae, quantity of cocoon and silk production, and disease resistance. Healthy larvae lead to a healthy cocoon crop. Health is dependent on factors such as better pupation rate, fewer dead larvae in the mountage, shorter larval duration (this lessens the chance of infection) and bluish-tinged fifth-instar larvae (which are healthier than

550-443: Is harvested. The moth is the adult phase of the silk worm's life cycle. Silk moths have a wingspan of 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) and a white, hairy body. Females are about two to three times bulkier than males (due to carrying many eggs). All adult Bombycidae moths have reduced mouthparts and do not feed. The wings of the silk moth develop from larval imaginal disks . The moth is not capable of functional flight, in contrast to

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600-629: Is known nationwide for its teaching methodological and agricultural studies. Studies in Pedagogics, psychology and agriculture have distinguished predominance in China; The Research of Silkworm genome is top in the world. A great deal of creative research works have been achieved in the fields like Zero Tillage Cultivation , Silkworm Genome, Studies on the Education and Psychological Behavior of Minorities in Southwestern China, and

650-474: The ahimsa philosophy "not to hurt any living thing". This led to Gandhi's promotion of cotton spinning machines, an example of which can be seen at the Gandhi Institute, and an extension of this principle has led to the modern production practice known as Ahimsa silk , which is wild silk (from wild and semiwild silk moths) made from the cocoons of moths that are allowed to emerge before the silk

700-721: The Central Government of China . The total number of the students at SWU is more than 80,000, of which 50,000 are full-time students. There are also many international students working for their bachelor's, master's or doctor's degrees and other advanced studies in SWU every year. SWU is located in Chongqing municipality, which is the central city in the Western China Development Project. Southwest University began to enroll international students in

750-623: The Neolithic period. Before then, the tools to manufacture quantities of silk thread had not been developed. The domesticated Bombyx mori and the wild Bombyx mandarina can still breed and sometimes produce hybrids. It is unknown if B. mori can hybridize with other Bombyx species. Compared to most members in the genus Bombyx , domestic silk moths have lost their coloration as well as their ability to fly. Mulberry silkworms can be divided into three major categories based on seasonal brood frequency. Univoltine silkworms produce only one brood

800-435: The domestic silk moth , is a moth species belonging to the family Bombycidae . It is the closest relative of Bombyx mandarina , the wild silk moth. Silkworms are the larvae of silk moths. The silkworm is of particular economic value, being a primary producer of silk . The silkworm's preferred food are the leaves of white mulberry , though they may eat other species of mulberry, and even leaves of other plants like

850-439: The osage orange . Domestic silk moths are entirely dependent on humans for reproduction, as a result of millennia of selective breeding. Wild silk moths, which are other species of Bombyx , are not as commercially viable in the production of silk. Sericulture , the practice of breeding silkworms for the production of raw silk, has existed for at least 5,000 years in China, whence it spread to India, Korea, Nepal, Japan, and then

900-932: The "Southwestern University Undergraduate Top Talent Training Plan". It was established in November 2011 and was incorporated into the School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in July 2018. Hanhong College integrates the superior educational resources of the whole school, adheres to the education philosophy of "Solid foundation, strong quality, promotion of individuality, and pursuit of innovation", and implements "one system and three modernizations" (tutorial system, globalization, personalization, and internationalization) to cultivate talents. The training model aims to cultivate top innovative talents with sound personalities, excellent physical fitness and pursuit of excellence. There are about 400 students in Hanhong College, including

950-432: The "Wu Mi Class" in liberal arts and the "Yuan Longping Class" in science and engineering, which were established in 2011 as a pilot class for the training program for top-notch talents in basic disciplines, and the experimental class for training outstanding agricultural and forestry talents established in 2014 Class "Shen Nong Class". Hanhong College provides students with the best teachers and teaching conditions, creating

1000-579: The 1950s. It is also one of the universities designated by the Ministry of Education to enroll Chinese Government Scholarship students. Most of the international students in SWU are now majoring in Chinese language, Pedagogy , Psychology , Economics , Business in China, Chinese Minorities Studies, Life Sciences, Food Sciences, Agriculture, Fine Arts, and Chinese Martial Arts etc. The qualified international students in Southwest University have

1050-688: The Chinese Ministry of Education. The following buildings are on the campus: Southwest China Normal University was one of the key comprehensive universities under the administration of the Chinese Ministry of Education. Originally it was created as the Southwest Teachers College . The college was the result of several mergers of the former National Women's Teachers College and the Sichuan Provincial Educational College in 1950. It

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1100-570: The Research on Human Time Cognition. Southwest University was originally established in 1906, during the Qing dynasty , as West China University . Much of its development occurred after the Republic of China was established. The modern university was established in July 2005, incorporating the former Southwest China Normal University and Southwest Agricultural University , with the approval of

1150-637: The Southwest in Hobbs, New Mexico, United States See also [ edit ] Southwest College , a community college in Houston, Texas, USA Southwestern University (disambiguation) Southwestern College (disambiguation) Southwestern Community College (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about schools, colleges, or other educational institutions which are associated with

1200-485: The West. The conventional process of sericulture kills the silkworm in the pupal stage. The domestic silk moth was domesticated from the wild silk moth Bombyx mandarina , which has a range from northern India to northern China, Korea, Japan, and the far eastern regions of Russia. The domestic silk moth derives from Chinese rather than Japanese or Korean stock. Silk moths were unlikely to have been domestically bred before

1250-451: The animal survives through the pupal phase of its life cycle, it releases proteolytic enzymes to make a hole in the cocoon so it can emerge as an adult moth. These enzymes are destructive to the silk and can cause the silk fibers to break down from over a mile in length to segments of random length, which reduces the value of the silk threads , although these damaged silk cocoons are still used as "stuffing" available in China and elsewhere in

1300-437: The central library, the north section library and the south section library. The central library which was built on 2005 is the newest and largest one. The university library holds 3,800,000 volumes of items in total by January 2014. Website of Hanhong College 29°48′50″N 106°24′46″E  /  29.8139°N 106.4129°E  / 29.8139; 106.4129 Silkworm Bombyx mori , commonly known as

1350-553: The chance to get Chongqing Mayor Scholarships and SWU Excellent Overseas Students Scholarship. In addition, SWU is donating a share of Integrative Insurance for Medical Care and Accidents for every long-term overseas student. The university covers a broad range of academic disciplines including philosophy, economics, law, pedagogics, literature, history, science, engineering, agriculture and management. It offers 40 national key disciplines , 66 doctoral programs, 9 postdoctoral programs, 159 master's programs and 97 bachelor's programs. SWU

1400-850: The cocoon, which provides a layer of protection during the vulnerable, almost motionless pupal state. Many other Lepidoptera produce cocoons, but only a few — the Bombycidae, in particular the genus Bombyx , and the Saturniidae , in particular the genus Antheraea  — have been exploited for fabric production. The cocoon is made of a thread of raw silk from 300 to about 900 metres (980 to about 3,000 ft) long. The fibers are fine and lustrous, about 10 μm (0.0004 in) in diameter. About 2,000 to 3,000 cocoons are required to make one pound (0.45 kg). At least 70 million lb (32 million kg) of raw silk are produced each year, requiring nearly 10 billion cocoons. If

1450-621: The domestic silk moth was published in 2008 by the International Silkworm Genome Consortium. Draft sequences were published in 2004. The genome of the domestic silk moth is mid-range with a genome size around 432 million base pairs. A notable feature is that 43.6% of the genome are repetitive sequences , most of which are transposable elements. At least 3,000 silkworm genes are unique, and have no homologous equivalents in other genomes. The silkworm's ability to produce large amounts of silk correlates with

1500-400: The first century AD. About AD 550, Christian monks are said to have smuggled silkworms hidden in a hollow stick out of China, selling the secret to the eastern Romans. According to a Vietnamese folk tale, silkworms were originally a beautiful housemaid running away from her gruesome masters and living in the mountain, where she was protected by the mountain god. One day, a lecherous god from

1550-461: The heaven came down to Earth to seduce women. When he saw her, he tried to rape her but she was able to escape and was hidden by the mountain god. The lecherous god then tried to find and capture her by setting a net trap around the mountain. With the blessing of Guanyin , the girl was able to safely swallow that net into her stomach. Finally, the evil god summons his fellow thunder and rain gods to attack and burn away her clothes, forcing her to hide in

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1600-409: The larval phase of the silkworms emerge white, naked, and with little horns on their backs. After they have molted four times, their bodies become slightly yellow, and the skin becomes tighter. The larvae then prepare to enter the pupal phase of their life cycle, and enclose themselves in a cocoon made up of raw silk produced by the salivary glands . The final molt from larva to pupa takes place within

1650-430: The merger, Southwest China Normal University and Southwest Agricultural University were neighbors with only a wall separating the two universities. Both universities had a long historical relationship, which could be located back to their common origin, West China Union University , founded in 1906. Hanhong College, whose name comes from the school motto of Southwest University, is a specialized institution that implements

1700-439: The number of students studying in first-class domestic and foreign universities is increasing year by year. Southwest University employs 2,650 full-time teachers, and 300 professional researchers, 349 professors (research fellows), and 739 associate professors (associate research fellows, 113 PhD supervisors, and 513 Master's degree tutors. Southwest University has over 50,000 students. There are three libraries in school:

1750-475: The oocytes of B. mori , meiosis is completely achiasmate (lacking crossovers). Even though synaptonemal complexes are formed during the pachytene stage of meiosis in B. mori , crossing-over homologous recombination does not occur between the paired chromosomes . Kraig Biocraft Laboratories has used research from the Universities of Wyoming and Notre Dame in a collaborative effort to create

1800-590: The presence of specific tRNA clusters, as well as some clustered sericin genes. Additionally, the silkworm's ability to consume toxic mulberry leaves is linked to specialized sucrase genes, which appear to have been acquired from bacterial genes. In 2018, Illumina 's short reads for 137 strain genomes were published. In 2022, Nanopore 's long reads for 545 strain genomes were published. Silk moth pupae are edible insects and are eaten in some cultures : Silkworms have also been proposed for cultivation by astronauts as space food on long-term missions. In China,

1850-424: The production of duvets , jackets, and other purposes. To prevent this, silkworm cocoons are boiled in water. The heat kills the silkworms, and the water makes the cocoons easier to unravel. Often, the silkworm is eaten. As the process of harvesting the silk from the cocoon kills the pupa, sericulture has been criticized by animal welfare and rights activists. Mahatma Gandhi was critical of silk production based on

1900-405: The reddish-brown ones). Quantity of cocoon and silk produced are directly related to the pupation rate and larval weight. Healthier larvae have greater pupation rates and cocoon weights. Quality of cocoon and silk depends on a number of factors, including genetics. In the U.S., teachers may sometimes introduce the insect life cycle to their students by raising domestic silk moths in the classroom as

1950-421: The role of YjbH in virulence and oxidative stress tolerance in vivo. The domestic species B. mori , compared to the wild species (e.g., B. mandarina ), has increased cocoon size, body size, growth rate, and efficiency of its digestion. It has gained tolerance to human presence and handling, and also to living in crowded conditions. The domestic silk moths cannot fly, so the males need human assistance in finding

2000-524: The same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southwest_University_(disambiguation)&oldid=1218597082 " Category : Educational institution disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Southwest University Southwest University (SWU)

2050-461: The silk industry is silkworms that can feed on food other than mulberry leaves, including an artificial diet. Research on the genome also raises the possibility of genetically engineering silkworms to produce proteins, including pharmacological drugs, in the place of silk proteins. Bombyx mori females are also one of the few organisms with homologous chromosomes held together only by the synaptonemal complex (and not crossovers) during meiosis . In

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2100-410: The silkworm infection model. Silkworms have also been used for the identification of novel virulence factors of pathogenic microorganisms. A first large-scale screening using transposon mutant library of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 strain was performed which identified 8 new genes with roles in full virulence of S. aureus . Another study by the same team of researchers revealed, for the first time,

2150-494: The skin for steady and gradual time release of medications. Researchers at the MIT Media Lab experimented with silkworms to see what they would weave when left on surfaces with different curvatures. They found that on particularly straight webs of lines, the silkworms would connect neighboring lines with silk, weaving directly onto the given shape. Using this knowledge they built a silk pavilion with 6,500 silkworms over

2200-426: The thoracic legs at different ages of the larva resulted in the adult silk moth not developing the corresponding adult leg segments. Due to its small size and ease of culture, the silkworm has become a model organism in the study of lepidopteran and general arthropod biology. Fundamental findings on genetics, pheromones, hormones, brain structures, and physiology have been made with the silkworm. One example of this

2250-470: The wild B. mandarina and other Bombyx species, whose males fly to meet females. Some may emerge with the ability to lift off and stay airborne, but sustained flight cannot be achieved as their bodies are too big and heavy for their small wings. The legs of the silk moth develop from the silkworm's larval (thoracic) legs. Developmental genes like Distalless and extradenticle have been used to mark leg development. In addition, removing specific segments of

2300-457: The year. Eggs take about 14 days to hatch into larvae, which eat continuously. They have a preference for white mulberry , having an attraction to the mulberry odorant cis-jasmone . They are not monophagous , since they can eat other species of Morus , as well as some other Moraceae , mostly Osage orange . They are covered with tiny black hairs. When the color of their heads turns darker, it indicates they are about to molt . After molting,

2350-547: Was restructured as Southwest Agricultural College. In 1958, the college was upgraded as Southwest Agricultural University. In 2001, Sichuan Animal Husbandry and Veterinary College and the Citrus Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture were absorbed into Southwest Agricultural University. This marked the beginning of a new Southwest Agricultural University which specializes from teaching, pedagogy, psychology, agronomy and agriculture. Prior to

2400-515: Was the molecular identification of the first known pheromone, bombykol , which required extracts from 500,000 individuals, due to the small quantities of pheromone produced by any individual silkworm. Many research works have focused on the genetics of silkworms and the possibility of genetic engineering. Many hundreds of strains are maintained, and over 400 Mendelian mutations have been described. Another source suggests 1,000 inbred domesticated strains are kept worldwide. One useful development for

2450-400: Was the source of the silk. She taught this to the people and it became widespread. Many more legends about the silkworm are told. The Chinese guarded their knowledge of silk, but, according to one story, a Chinese princess given in marriage to a Khotan prince brought to the oasis the secret of silk manufacture, "hiding silkworms in her hair as part of her dowry", probably in the first half of

2500-648: Was then established as Southwest China Normal University in 1985. Southwest Agricultural University was created in 1950, as the Southwest Agricultural College . The college was the end result of several institutions which were Sichuan Provincial Educational College, the Western China University and Xianghui College . In 1979, it was authorized by the State Council to be one of the national key universities. It

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