62-651: Southwest ( Icelandic : Suðvestur ) is one of the six multi-member constituencies of the Althing , the national legislature of Iceland . The constituency was established as Reykjanes in 1959 following the nationwide extension of proportional representation for elections to the Althing. It was renamed Southwest in 2003 when the Reykjanes area of constituency was merged into the Southern constituency following
124-517: A reflexive pronoun instead. The case of the pronoun depends on the case that the verb governs. As for further classification of verbs, Icelandic behaves much like other Germanic languages, with a main division between weak verbs and strong, and the strong verbs, of which there are about 150 to 200, are divided into six classes plus reduplicative verbs. The basic word order in Icelandic is subject–verb–object . However, as words are heavily inflected,
186-401: A West Scandinavian language. Icelandic is derived from an earlier language Old Norse , which later became Old Icelandic and currently Modern Icelandic. The division between old and modern Icelandic is said to be before and after 1540. East Germanic languages West Germanic languages Icelandic Faroese Norwegian Danish Swedish Around 900 CE, the language spoken in
248-433: A historical or a formalistic view: -a , -i , and -ur , referring to the endings that these verbs take when conjugated in the first person singular present. Almost all Icelandic verbs have the ending -a in the infinitive, some with á , two with u ( munu , skulu ) one with o ( þvo : "wash") and one with e . Many transitive verbs (i.e. they require an object ), can take
310-722: A monophthong and adding either /i/ or /u/ to it. All the vowels can either be long or short; vowels in open syllables are long, and vowels in closed syllables are short. Icelandic retains many grammatical features of other ancient Germanic languages , and resembles Old Norwegian before much of its fusional inflection was lost. Modern Icelandic is still a heavily inflected language with four cases : nominative , accusative , dative and genitive . Icelandic nouns can have one of three grammatical genders : masculine, feminine or neuter. There are two main declension paradigms for each gender: strong and weak nouns , and these are further divided into subclasses of nouns, based primarily on
372-403: A protectionist language culture, however, this is deep-rooted ideologically primarily in relation to the forms of the language, while Icelanders in general seem to be more pragmatic as to domains of language use. Since the late 16th century, discussion has been ongoing on the purity of the Icelandic language. The bishop Oddur Einarsson wrote in 1589 that the language has remained unspoiled since
434-599: A result, the Irish language has had some influence on both Faroese and Icelandic. The oldest preserved texts in Icelandic were written around 1100. Many of the texts are based on poetry and laws traditionally preserved orally. The most famous of the texts, which were written in Iceland from the 12th century onward, are the sagas of Icelanders , which encompass the historical works and the Poetic Edda . The language of
496-647: A standard established in the 19th century, primarily by the Danish linguist Rasmus Rask . It is based strongly on an orthography laid out in the early 12th century by a document referred to as the First Grammatical Treatise by an anonymous author, who has later been referred to as the First Grammarian. The later Rasmus Rask standard was a re-creation of the old treatise, with some changes to fit concurrent Germanic conventions, such as
558-515: Is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken by about 314,000 people, the vast majority of whom live in Iceland , where it is the national language. Since it is a West Scandinavian language , it is most closely related to Faroese , western Norwegian dialects , and the extinct language Norn . It is not mutually intelligible with the continental Scandinavian languages ( Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish ) and
620-938: Is an Icelandic former football player and manager and politician. Since 2021 he has served as the Icelandic Minister of Health . From 2013 to 2016, he served on the Althing , the Icelandic parliament, for the Progressive Party , and is currently a member of parliament since 2017. He holds a Master's degree in Microeconomics from the University of Copenhagen and used to teach economics at Menntaskólinn í Kópavogi . Willum began his career at KR before moving on to Breiðablik and later Þróttur where he started his manager career. He represented Iceland at youth level both in basketball and football . Willum led Þróttur to Iceland's top league,
682-532: Is distinguished by a wide assortment of irregular declensions. Icelandic vocabulary is also deeply conservative, with the country's language regulator maintaining an active policy of coining terms based on older Icelandic words rather than directly taking in loanwords from other languages. Aside from the 300,000 Icelandic speakers in Iceland, Icelandic is spoken by about 8,000 people in Denmark, 5,000 people in
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#1732775961913744-404: Is evident in general language discourses, in polls, and in other investigations into Icelandic language attitudes. The general consensus on Icelandic language policy has come to mean that language policy and language ideology discourse are not predominantly state or elite driven; but rather, remain the concern of lay people and the general public. The Icelandic speech community is perceived to have
806-511: Is more distinct from the most widely spoken Germanic languages, English and German . The written forms of Icelandic and Faroese are very similar, but their spoken forms are not mutually intelligible . The language is more conservative than most other Germanic languages. While most of them have greatly reduced levels of inflection (particularly noun declension ), Icelandic retains a four- case synthetic grammar (comparable to German , though considerably more conservative and synthetic) and
868-647: Is not very well known and because those Icelanders not proficient in the other Scandinavian languages often have a sufficient grasp of English to communicate with institutions in that language (although there is evidence that the general English skills of Icelanders have been somewhat overestimated). The Nordic countries have committed to providing services in various languages to each other's citizens, but this does not amount to any absolute rights being granted, except as regards criminal and court matters. All Icelandic stops are voiceless and are distinguished as such by aspiration . Stops are realised post-aspirated when at
930-555: Is still a conscious effort to create new words, especially for science and technology, with many societies publishing dictionaries, some with the help of The Icelandic Language Committee ( Íslensk málnefnd ). The Icelandic alphabet is notable for its retention of three old letters that no longer exist in the English alphabet : Þ, þ ( þorn , modern English "thorn"), Ð, ð ( eð , anglicised as "eth" or "edh") and Æ, æ (æsc, anglicised as "ash" or "asc"), with þ and ð representing
992-416: The 1963 parliamentary election held on 9 June 1963: The following candidates were elected: Emil Jónsson (A), 2,804 votes; Geir Gunnarsson (G), 985 votes; Gils Guðmundsson (G), 1,963 votes; Guðmundur Ívarsson Guðmundsson (A), 1,402 votes; Jón Skaftason (B), 2,465 votes; Matthías Árni Mathiesen (D), 4,536 votes; Ólafur Thors (D), 5,038 votes; and Sverrir Júlíusson (D), 1,680 votes. Results of
1054-415: The 1967 parliamentary election held on 11 June 1967: The following candidates were elected: Emil Jónsson (A), 3,189 votes; Geir Gunnarsson (G), 1,097 votes; Gils Guðmundsson (G), 2,189 votes; Jón Skaftason (B), 3,522 votes; Jón Ármann Héðinsson (A), 1,596 votes; Matthías Árni Mathiesen (D), 5,330 votes; Pétur Benediktsson (D), 4,809 votes; and Sverrir Júlíusson (D), 1,788 votes. Results of
1116-424: The 1971 parliamentary election held on 13 June 1971: The following candidates were elected: Geir Gunnarsson (G), 1,528 votes; Gils Guðmundsson (G), 3,046 votes; Jón Skaftason (B), 3,574 votes; Jón Ármann Héðinsson (A), 2,595 votes; Matthías Árni Mathiesen (D), 6,417 votes; Oddur Ólafsson (D), 5,819 votes; Ólafur Garðar Einarsson (D), 2,164 votes; and Stefán Gunnlaugsson (A), 1,310 votes. Results of
1178-417: The 1974 parliamentary election held on 30 June 1974: The following candidates were elected: Axel Jónsson (D), 2,438 votes; Geir Gunnarsson (G), 1,874 votes; Gils Guðmundsson (G), 3,745 votes; Jón Skaftason (B), 3,656 votes; Jón Ármann Héðinsson (A), 2,702 votes; Matthías Árni Mathiesen (D), 9,719 votes; Oddur Ólafsson (D), 8,770 votes; and Ólafur Garðar Einarsson (D), 7,796 votes. Results of
1240-432: The 1978 parliamentary election held on 25 June 1978: The following candidates were elected: Geir Gunnarsson (G), 4,787 votes; Gils Guðmundsson (G), 5,315 votes; Gunnlaugur Stefánsson (A), 5,776 votes; Karl Steinar Guðnason (A), 6,551 votes; Kjartan Jóhannsson (A), 7,241 votes; Matthías Árni Mathiesen (D), 8,066 votes; Oddur Ólafsson (D), 7,337 votes; and Ólafur Garðar Einarsson (D), 6,525 votes. Results of
1302-408: The 1979 parliamentary election held on 2 and 3 December 1979: The following candidates were elected: Geir Gunnarsson (G), 4,679 votes; Jóhann Einvarðsson (B), 4,430 votes; Karl Steinar Guðnason (A), 5,568 votes; Kjartan Jóhannsson (A), 6,187 votes; Matthías Árni Mathiesen (D), 10,170 votes; Ólafur Garðar Einarsson (D), 9,165 votes; and Salome Þorkelsdóttir (D), 8,154 votes. Results of
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#17327759619131364-483: The 1983 parliamentary election held on 23 April 1983: The following candidates were elected: Geir Gunnarsson (G), 3,984 votes; Guðmundur Einarsson (C), 2,345 votes; Gunnar G. Schram (D), 11,491 votes; Karl Steinar Guðnason (A), 3,860 votes; Kjartan Jóhannsson (A), 4,288 votes; Kristín Halldórsdóttir (V), 2,086 votes; Matthías Árni Mathiesen (D), 12,753 votes; Ólafur Garðar Einarsson (D), 8,937 votes; and Salome Þorkelsdóttir (D), 10,219 votes. Results of
1426-562: The 1987 parliamentary election held on 25 April 1987: The following candidates were elected: Geir Gunnarsson (G), 4,141 votes; Hreggviður Jónsson (S), 3,870 votes; Jóhann Einvarðsson (B), 6,980 votes; Júlíus Sólnes (S), 3,863 votes; Karl Steinar Guðnason (A), 6,430 votes; Kjartan Jóhannsson (A), 6,444 votes; Kristín Halldórsdóttir (V), 3,218 votes; Matthías Árni Mathiesen (D), 10,128 votes; Ólafur Garðar Einarsson (D), 10,147 votes; Salome Þorkelsdóttir (D), 10,196 votes; and Steingrímur Hermannsson (B), 7,042 votes. Results of
1488-581: The 1991 parliamentary election held on 20 April 1991: The following candidates were elected: Anna Ólafsdóttir Björnsson (V), 2,694 votes; Árni Mathiesen (D), 15,751 votes; Árni Ragnar Árnason (D), 15,756 votes; Jón Sigurðsson (A), 9,008 votes; Karl Steinar Guðnason (A), 8,981 votes; Ólafur Garðar Einarsson (D), 15,703 votes; Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (G), 4,417 votes; Rannveig Guðmundsdóttir (A), 9,007 votes; Salome Þorkelsdóttir (D), 15,719 votes; Sigríður Anna Þórðardóttir (D), 15,830 votes; and Steingrímur Hermannsson (B), 5,386 votes. Results of
1550-609: The 1995 parliamentary election held on 8 April 1995: The following candidates were elected: Ágúst Einarsson (J), 2,504 votes; Árni Mathiesen (D), 16,302 votes; Árni Ragnar Árnason (D), 16,355 votes; Guðmundur Árni Stefánsson (A), 6,079 votes; Hjálmar Árnason (B), 8,762 votes; Kristín Halldórsdóttir (V), 1,761 votes; Kristján Pálsson (D), 16,305 votes; Ólafur Garðar Einarsson (D), 14,932 votes; Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (G), 5,266 votes; Rannveig Guðmundsdóttir (A), 6,475 votes; Sigríður Anna Þórðardóttir (D), 16,342 votes; and Siv Friðleifsdóttir (B), 8,761 votes. Results of
1612-624: The 1999 parliamentary election held on 8 May 1999: The following candidates were elected: Árni Mathiesen (D), 19,870 votes; Árni Ragnar Árnason (D), 19,996 votes; Gunnar Birgisson (D), 19,645 votes; Guðmundur Árni Stefánsson (S), 12,391 votes; Hjálmar Árnason (B), 7,174 votes; Kristján Pálsson (D), 19,968 votes; Rannveig Guðmundsdóttir (S), 12,510 votes; Sigríður Jóhannesdóttir (S), 12,542 votes; Sigríður Anna Þórðardóttir (D), 19,966 votes; Siv Friðleifsdóttir (B), 7,146 votes; Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir (D), 19,987 votes; and Þórunn Sveinbjarnardóttir (S), 12,558 votes. Results of
1674-608: The 2003 parliamentary election held on 10 May 2003: The following candidates were elected: Árni Mathiesen (D), 16,147.7 votes; Bjarni Benediktsson (D), 9,923.4 votes; Gunnar Birgisson (D), 14,289.2 votes; Gunnar Örn Örlygsson (F), 2,868.0 votes; Guðmundur Árni Stefánsson (S), 13,791.0 votes; Katrín Júlíusdóttir (S), 8,814.4 votes; Rannveig Guðmundsdóttir (S), 12,268.9 votes; Sigríður Anna Þórðardóttir (D), 13,080.9 votes; Siv Friðleifsdóttir (B), 6,298.0 votes; Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir (D), 11,589.9 votes; and Þórunn Sveinbjarnardóttir (S), 10,534.0 votes. Results of
1736-643: The 2007 parliamentary election held on 12 May 2007: The following candidates were elected: Ármann Kr. Ólafsson (D), 15,978.8 votes; Árni Páll Árnason (S), 8,047.2 votes; Bjarni Benediktsson (D), 17,473.7 votes; Gunnar Svavarsson (S), 12,712.1 votes; Jón Gunnarsson (D), 14,476.1 votes; Katrín Júlíusdóttir (S), 11,224.4 votes; Ögmundur Jónasson (V), 5,199.0 votes; Ragnheiður Ríkharðsdóttir (D), 11,222.3 votes; Ragnheiður Elín Árnadóttir (D), 12,896.4 votes; Siv Friðleifsdóttir (B), 3,169.0 votes; Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir (D), 19,133.2 votes; and Þórunn Sveinbjarnardóttir (S), 9,623.2 votes. Results of
1798-636: The 2009 parliamentary election held on 25 April 2009: The following candidates were elected: Árni Páll Árnason (S), 15,243.9 votes; Bjarni Benediktsson (D), 13,075.1 votes; Guðfríður Lilja Grétarsdóttir (V), 8,304.7 votes; Jón Gunnarsson (D), 8,460.6 votes; Katrín Júlíusdóttir (S), 13,561.4 votes; Magnús Orri Schram (S), 9,930.9 votes; Ögmundur Jónasson (V), 6,285.5 votes; Ragnheiður Ríkharðsdóttir (D), 9,965.1 votes; Siv Friðleifsdóttir (B), 5,259.0 votes; Þór Saari (O), 4,410.0 votes; Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir (D), 10,900.6 votes; and Þórunn Sveinbjarnardóttir (S), 10,859.1 votes. Results of
1860-660: The 2013 parliamentary election held on 27 April 2013: The following candidates were elected: Árni Páll Árnason (S), 6,843.8 votes; Birgitta Jónsdóttir (Þ), 2,527.7 votes; Bjarni Benediktsson (D), 14,868.7 votes; Elín Hirst (D), 9,142.7 votes; Eygló Harðardóttir (B), 10,879.2 votes; Guðmundur Steingrímsson (A), 4,664.7 votes; Jón Gunnarsson (D), 12,470.0 votes; Katrín Júlíusdóttir (S), 5,201.5 votes; Ögmundur Jónasson (V), 3,901.3 votes; Ragnheiður Ríkharðsdóttir (D), 13,969.2 votes; Vilhjálmur Bjarnason (D), 10,751.8 votes; Willum Þór Þórsson (B), 9,098.5 votes; and Þorsteinn B. Sæmundsson (B), 7,307.7 votes. Results of
1922-706: The 2016 parliamentary election held on 29 October 2016: The following candidates were elected: Bjarni Benediktsson (D), 17,778.60 votes; Bryndís Haraldsdóttir (D), 16,152.90 votes; Eygló Harðardóttir (B), 3,894.67 votes; Jón Gunnarsson (D), 14,342.70 votes; Jón Steindór Valdimarsson (C), 5,268.25 votes; Jón Þór Ólafsson (P), 7,211.00 votes; Óli Björn Kárason (D), 12,603.90 votes; Óttarr Proppé (A), 5,449.00 votes; Rósa Björk Brynjólfsdóttir (V), 6,373.67 votes; Theodóra S. Þorsteinsdóttir (A), 4,090.00 votes; Vilhjálmur Bjarnason (D), 10,771.90 votes; Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir (C), 6,300.50 votes; and Þórhildur Sunna Ævarsdóttir (P), 5,412.00 votes. Results of
Southwest (Althing constituency) - Misplaced Pages Continue
1984-711: The 2017 parliamentary election held on 28 October 2017: The following candidates were elected: Bjarni Benediktsson (D), 16,738.00 votes; Bryndís Haraldsdóttir (D), 15,056.75 votes; Gunnar Bragi Sveinsson (M), 5,184.00 votes; Guðmundur Andri Thorsson (S). 6,759.67 votes; Guðmundur Ingi Kristinsson (F), 3,611.33 votes; Jón Gunnarsson (D), 12,851.50 votes; Jón Steindór Valdimarsson (C), 3,972.25 votes; Jón Þór Ólafsson (P), 4,624.00 votes; Ólafur Þór Gunnarsson (V), 5,672.75 votes; Óli Björn Kárason (D), 10,784.12 votes; Rósa Björk Brynjólfsdóttir (V), 7,580.75 votes; Willum Þór Þórsson (B), 4,405.67 votes; and Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir (C), 5,116.25 votes. Results of
2046-718: The 2021 parliamentary election held on 25 September 2021: The following candidates were elected: Ágúst Bjarni Garðarsson (B), 6,377.75 votes; Bjarni Benediktsson (D), 17,548.75 votes; Bryndís Haraldsdóttir (D), 13,301.38 votes; Gísli Rafn Ólafsson (P), 3,639.50 votes; Guðmundur Ingi Guðbrandsson (V), 7,035.33 votes; Guðmundur Ingi Kristinsson (F), 4,431.00 votes; Jón Gunnarsson (D), 15,421.50 votes; Óli Björn Kárason (D), 11,089.00 votes; Sigmar Guðmundsson (C), 5,032.00 votes; Willum Þór Þórsson (B), 8,508.50 votes; Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir (C), 6,582.25 votes; Þórhildur Sunna Ævarsdóttir (P), 4,833.00 votes; and Þórunn Sveinbjarnardóttir (S), 4,683.33 votes. Results of
2108-676: The October 1959 parliamentary election held on 25 and 26 October 1959: The following candidates were elected: Alfreð Gíslason (D), 1.446 votes; Emil Jónsson (A), 2,910 votes; Finnbogi Rútur Valdimarsson (G), 1,702 votes; Geir Gunnarsson (G), 852 votes; Guðmundur Ívarsson Guðmundsson (A), 1,456 votes; Jón Skaftason (B), 1,760 votes; Matthías Árni Mathiesen (D), 3,903 votes; and Ólafur Thors (D), 4,333 votes. Icelandic language Icelandic ( / aɪ s ˈ l æ n d ɪ k / eyess- LAN -dik ; endonym : íslenska , pronounced [ˈistlɛnska] )
2170-599: The Parliament in 2011, Icelandic is "the national language of the Icelandic people and the official language in Iceland"; moreover, "[p]ublic authorities shall ensure that its use is possible in all areas of Icelandic society". Iceland is a member of the Nordic Council , a forum for co-operation between the Nordic countries, but the council uses only Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish as its working languages (although
2232-501: The bishop and members of parliament . Early Icelandic vocabulary was largely Old Norse with a few words being Celtic from when Celts first settled in Iceland. The introduction of Christianity to Iceland in the 11th century brought with it a need to describe new religious concepts . The majority of new words were taken from other Scandinavian languages ; kirkja ("church"), for example. Numerous other languages have influenced Icelandic: French brought many words related to
2294-444: The genitive singular and nominative plural endings of a particular noun. For example, within the strong masculine nouns, there is a subclass (class 1) that declines with -s ( hests ) in the genitive singular and -ar ( hestar ) in the nominative plural. However, there is another subclass (class 3) of strong masculine nouns that always declines with -ar ( hlutar ) in the genitive singular and -ir ( hlutir ) in
2356-525: The voiceless and voiced "th" sounds (as in English thin and this ), respectively, and æ representing the diphthong /ai/ which does not exist in English. The complete Icelandic alphabet is: The letters with diacritics , such as á and ö , are for the most part treated as separate letters and not variants of their derivative vowels. The letter é officially replaced je in 1929, although it had been used in early manuscripts (until
2418-414: The Úrvalsdeild in 1997. The wait had been long as Þróttur last played at the top level in 1985. In 2000, he became the manager of Haukar , and in 2002, he was appointed manager of KR and led them to two successive championships in 2002 and 2003. In 2004 KR finished without a title and Þórsson's contract was not renewed. He took charge of Valur who had just been promoted to the Úrvalsdeild and finished
2480-445: The 11th century, when the first texts were written on vellum . Modern speakers can understand the original sagas and Eddas which were written about eight hundred years ago. The sagas are usually read with updated modern spelling and footnotes, but otherwise are intact (as with recent English editions of Shakespeare's works). With some effort, many Icelanders can also understand the original manuscripts. According to an act passed by
2542-503: The 14th century) and again periodically from the 18th century. The letter z was formerly in the Icelandic alphabet, but it was officially removed in 1974, except in people's names. Ragnarsson, Baldur (1992). Mál og málsaga [ Language and language history ] (in Icelandic). Mál og Menning. ISBN 978-9979-3-0417-3 . Willum %C3%9E%C3%B3r %C3%9E%C3%B3rsson Willum Þór Þórsson (born 17 March 1963)
Southwest (Althing constituency) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2604-462: The 16th century, especially in vowels (in particular, á , æ , au , and y / ý ). The letters -ý & -y lost their original meaning and merged with -í & -i in the period 1400 - 1600. Around the same time or a little earlier the letter -æ originally signifying a simple vowel, a type of open -e, formed into the double vowel -ai, a double vowel absent in the original Icelandic. The modern Icelandic alphabet has developed from
2666-528: The 2005 season in 2nd place after champions FH . Valur won the 2005 Icelandic Cup with a 1–0 victory over Fram . In 2006, Valur ended the season in 3rd place and in 2007 Willum managed Valur to their first League title in 20 years and won Manager of the Season in Landsbankadeildin . He left with mutual agreement on 1 July 2009. On 29 September 2009, after the season had finished for the year, he
2728-455: The 63 members of the Althing using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system . Constituency seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method . Compensatory seats (equalisation seas) are calculated based on the national vote and are allocated using the D'Hondt method at the constituency level. Only parties that reach the 5% national threshold compete for compensatory seats. (Excludes compensatory seats.) Results of
2790-602: The Faroes was Old Norse , which Norse settlers had brought with them during the time of the settlement of Faroe Islands ( landnám ) that began in 825. However, many of the settlers were not from Scandinavia , but descendants of Norse settlers in the Irish Sea region. In addition, women from Norse Ireland, Orkney , or Shetland often married native Scandinavian men before settling in the Faroe Islands and Iceland. As
2852-603: The United States, and more than 1,400 people in Canada, notably in the region known as New Iceland in Manitoba which was settled by Icelanders beginning in the 1880s. The state-funded Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies serves as a centre for preserving the medieval Icelandic manuscripts and studying the language and its literature. The Icelandic Language Council, comprising representatives of universities,
2914-432: The above examples, the conjugated verbs veit and fór are always the second element in their respective clauses. A distinction between formal and informal address ( T–V distinction ) had existed in Icelandic from the 17th century, but use of the formal variant weakened in the 1950s and rapidly disappeared. It no longer exists in regular speech, but may occasionally be found in pre-written speeches addressed to
2976-591: The arts, journalists, teachers, and the Ministry of Culture, Science and Education , advises the authorities on language policy . Since 1995, on 16 November each year, the birthday of 19th-century poet Jónas Hallgrímsson is celebrated as Icelandic Language Day . Icelandic is an Indo-European language and belongs to the North Germanic group of the Germanic languages . Icelandic is further classified as
3038-408: The beginning of the word, but pre-aspirated when occurring within a word. Scholten (2000 , p. 22) includes three extra phones: [ʔ l̥ˠ lˠ] . Word-final voiced consonants are devoiced pre-pausally, so that dag ('day (acc.)') is pronounced as [ˈtaːx] and dagur ('day (nom.)') is pronounced [ˈtaːɣʏr̥] . Icelandic has 8 monophthongs and 5 diphthongs. The diphthongs are created by taking
3100-505: The council does publish material in Icelandic). Under the Nordic Language Convention , since 1987 Icelandic citizens have had the right to use Icelandic when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries, without becoming liable for any interpretation or translation costs. The convention covers visits to hospitals, job centres, the police, and social security offices. It does not have much effect since it
3162-502: The court and knightship; words in the semantic field of trade and commerce have been borrowed from Low German because of trade connections. In the late 18th century, linguistic purism began to gain noticeable ground in Iceland and since the early 19th century it has been the linguistic policy of the country. Nowadays, it is common practice to coin new compound words from Icelandic derivatives. Icelandic personal names are patronymic (and sometimes matronymic ) in that they reflect
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#17327759619133224-439: The exclusive use of k rather than c . Various archaic features, such as the letter ð , had not been used much in later centuries. Rask's standard constituted a major change in practice. Later 20th-century changes include the use of é instead of je and the replacement of z with s in 1974. Apart from the addition of new vocabulary, written Icelandic has not changed substantially since
3286-422: The immediate father or mother of the child and not the historic family lineage. This system, which was formerly used throughout the Nordic area and beyond, differs from most Western systems of family name . In most Icelandic families, the ancient tradition of patronymics is still in use; i.e. a person uses their father's name (usually) or mother's name (increasingly in recent years) in the genitive form followed by
3348-639: The middle voice is a voice or simply an independent class of verbs of its own, as every middle-voice verb has an active-voice ancestor, but sometimes with drastically different meaning, and the middle-voice verbs form a conjugation group of their own. Examples are koma ("come") vs. komast ("get there"), drepa ("kill") vs. drepast ("perish ignominiously") and taka ("take") vs. takast ("manage to"). Verbs have up to ten tenses, but Icelandic, like English, forms most of them with auxiliary verbs . There are three or four main groups of weak verbs in Icelandic, depending on whether one takes
3410-418: The morpheme -son ("son") or -dóttir ("daughter") in lieu of family names. In 2019, changes were announced to the laws governing names. Icelanders who are officially registered with non-binary gender will be permitted to use the suffix -bur ("child of") instead of -son or -dóttir . A core theme of Icelandic language ideologies is grammatical, orthographic and lexical purism for Icelandic. This
3472-445: The nominative plural. Additionally, Icelandic permits a quirky subject , that is, certain verbs have subjects in an oblique case (i.e. other than the nominative). Nouns, adjectives and pronouns are declined in the four cases and for number in the singular and plural. Verbs are conjugated for tense , mood , person , number and voice . There are three voices: active, passive and middle (or medial), but it may be debated whether
3534-488: The re-organisation of constituencies across Iceland. Southwest is conterminous with the Capital region but excludes Reykjavík Municipality which has its own constituencies. The constituency currently elects 11 of the 63 members of the Althing using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system . At the 2021 parliamentary election it had 73,699 registered electors. Southwest currently elects 11 of
3596-464: The sagas is Old Icelandic , a western dialect of Old Norse . The Dano-Norwegian , then later Danish rule of Iceland from 1536 to 1918 had little effect on the evolution of Icelandic (in contrast to the Norwegian language), which remained in daily use among the general population. Though more archaic than the other living Germanic languages, Icelandic changed markedly in pronunciation from the 12th to
3658-446: The time the ancient literature of Iceland was written. Later in the 18th century the purism movement grew and more works were translated into Icelandic, especially in areas that Icelandic had hardly ever been used in. Many neologisms were introduced, with many of them being loan-translations. In the early 19th century, due to the influence of romanticism , importance was put on the purity of spoken language as well. The written language
3720-458: The word order is fairly flexible, and every combination may occur in poetry; SVO, SOV, VSO, VOS, OSV and OVS are all allowed for metrical purposes. However, as with most Germanic languages, Icelandic usually complies with the V2 word order restriction, so the conjugated verb in Icelandic usually appears as the second element in the clause, preceded by the word or phrase being emphasised. For example: In
3782-479: Was also brought closer to the spoken language, as the sentence structure of literature had previously been influenced by Danish and German . The changes brought by the purism movement have had the most influence on the written language, as many speakers use foreign words freely in speech but try to avoid them in writing. The success of the many neologisms created from the movement has also been variable as some loanwords have not been replaced with native ones. There
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#17327759619133844-475: Was appointed the new manager of Keflavík . He is the only manager who has won every single league in Iceland (4 in total), 2nd and 3rd division with Haukar , 1st division with Þróttur and the Premier League with KR and Valur . In November 2010, Willum was appointed as the first manager for the Icelandic futsal team. Willum has taken active part in politics with the Progressive Party . In
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