Misplaced Pages

South Asian Americans

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.

South Asian Americans are Americans of South Asian ancestry. The term refers to those who can trace back their heritage to South Asia, which includes the countries of India , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Nepal , Sri Lanka , Bhutan , and the Maldives . The South Asian American diaspora also includes generations of South Asians from other areas in the world who then moved to the United States, areas such as Guyana , Trinidad and Tobago , Canada , the United Kingdom , the Netherlands , France , Australia , New Zealand , Fiji , South Africa , Uganda , Kenya , Tanzania , Mauritius , Singapore , Malaysia , Suriname , other parts of the Caribbean , etc. In the United States census , they are a subcategory of Asian Americans , although individual racial classification is based on self-identification and the categorization is "not an attempt to define race biologically, anthropologically, or genetically".

#815184

63-674: In the United States, South Asian Americans have had a presence since the 1700s, emigrating from British India . Classically, they were known as East Indians or Hindoos (regardless of whether they were followers of Hinduism or not) in North America to differentiate them from the Native Americans , who were also known as Indians, as well as from Black West Indians . With the arrival of immigrants from Bengal and Punjab , their population increased significantly in

126-585: A bachelor's degree in hotel management from the National Council of Hotel Management, Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition. He had always been interested in clothing and colors and was introduced to the world of fashion when he moved to New Delhi. There, he attended the National Institute of Fashion Technology . Gurung held apprenticeships at many local fashion and production houses and worked under Manish Arora . He has stated, “From

189-730: A chief commissioner: At the time of independence in 1947, British India had 17 provinces: Upon the Partition of India into the Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan , eleven provinces (Ajmer-Merwara-Kekri, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bihar, Bombay, Central Provinces and Berar, Coorg, Delhi, Madras, Panth-Piploda, Orissa, and the United Provinces) joined India, three (Baluchistan, North-West Frontier and Sindh) joined Pakistan, and three ( Punjab , Bengal and Assam ) were partitioned between India and Pakistan. In 1950, after

252-437: A community of empowerment through storytelling and dialogues. A broader list of South Asian American publications is located here: List of South Asian American–related publications Arranged marriage is still observed in some South Asian American families and communities throughout the United States. Marriage data specifically on Asian Americans and Indian Americans shows that interracial marriages are not as common. In 2014,

315-647: A design director. His own collection PRABAL GURUNG was released during Fashion Week in February 2009 with the FLAG Art Collection. Some of his other achievements in fashion include designing for first lady Michelle Obama and the Duchess of Cambridge, Kate Middleton . In 2011, Gurung was appointed chief designer for the relaunch of Onward Kashiyama's ICB collections in Europe. Also in 2011, Gurung

378-432: A legislative power existed in such places. The same two kinds of management applied for districts. Thus Ganjam and Vizagapatam were non-regulation districts. Non-regulation provinces included: At the turn of the 20th century, British India consisted of eight provinces that were administered either by a governor or a lieutenant-governor. The following table lists their areas and populations (but does not include those of

441-460: A lower body mass index and at younger ages (Shah, 2014). Visceral fat deposit, lower muscle mass, insulin resistance, and improper B-cell function are biological factors that cause higher rates of T2DM in SAAs, by increasing glucose levels in bloodstream. The biological factors above are also influenced by epigenetic, where transgenerational stress from repeated famine affects insulin resistance, although

504-556: A mainstay in India's fashion scene with her clothing and jewelry designs, but when Kate Middleton wore one of her dresses in 2016, she became a global name. She has a flagship store in New York City, and other celebs who have worn her creations are Beyoncé, Sophie Turner, and Priyanka Chopra. Naeem Khan is an Indian-American fashion designer based in New York City known for dressing First Lady Michelle Obama, Queen Noor of Jordan, and

567-520: A show that has been noted for its representation of South Asians in America and a young woman's coming of age story and her connection to her culture and ethnicity. Nina Davuluri was the first woman of South Asian descent to become Miss America in 2014. Prabal Gurung , a Nepalese American fashion designer based in New York is an established name in the fashion industry . Anita Dongre has been

630-474: A significant margin (33.3 percent) with Nepali Americans (24.2 percent) the next highest. South Asian Americans face high incidence and prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), averaging 28% prevalence compared to 6% in White Americans (Gujral, 2020). T2DM, in the United States, is linked to obesity and a sedentary physical lifestyle. However, studies show SAAs face increased risk of diabetes at

693-484: A small part of Burma, and by 1886, almost two thirds of Burma had been made part of British India. This arrangement lasted until 1937, when Burma was reorganized as a separate British colony. British India did not apply to other countries in the region, such as Sri Lanka (then Ceylon ), which was a British Crown colony , or the Maldive Islands , which were a British protectorate . At its greatest extent, in

SECTION 10

#1732772762816

756-635: A study in 2020, Indian Americans strongly identified with the Democratic Party and did not show a strong shift to the Republican Party. For the 2020 election, a study showed that 72% of registered Indian American voters planned on voting for Biden and the Democratic Party. In 2020, Kamala Harris became the Democratic vice presidential nominee in the 2020 presidential election , when Joe Biden chose her as his running mate, making her

819-552: Is a Pulitzer Prize winning author, best known for her book, The Namesake , and a professor of creative writing at Princeton University. Kiran Desai , winner of the Man Booker Prize, and is known for the well acclaimed novel, Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard . Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is an author and poet and known for her novels on fantasy and magical realism. Samrat Upadhyay , a Nepalese American writer

882-518: Is a journalist and co-founder of SAJA . He is also a visiting professor at Stony Brook University School of Journalism in New York. Mohini Bharadwaj Barry and Raj Bhavsar are two notable and famous Indian American gymnasts. Mohini became the second oldest gymnast to perform in the Olympics in 2004. That same year, Raj Bhavsar was an alternate on the US men's gymnastics team. In 2008, Raj competed with

945-571: Is a major holiday celebrated for all Muslims. It has been reported in American media that the group has certain stigmas in relation to the LGBT communities. In 2019, a group of South Asian Americans petitioned the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to cancel a planned award for Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi . Among South Asians in the US, Bhutanese Americans have the highest poverty rates by

1008-526: Is a podcast that interviews South Asians from around the world, from various walks of life, to discuss their identities, life journeys, failures and successes. Chaat Room, a podcast started by Brown Girl Magazine, recognizes South Asians in Hollywood. Brown Girl Magazine is an online publication, founded by Trisha Sakhuja-Walia, to give representation to South Asian American writers and particularly South Asian American women, to write their stories and to build

1071-686: Is an indie and punk rock musician from Brooklyn. Settled in Santa Cruz, California is the family of legendary singer, composer and songwriter Pandit Shiv Dayal Batish who taught Indian music at the University of California and founded the Batish Institute of Indian Music and Fine Arts in the early 1970s. After he died in 2006, the music institute is now run by his son Ashwin Batish and his grandson Keshav Batish both following musically in

1134-640: Is considered synonymous to the Indian subcontinent . According to a 2021 survey, just 10% of Indian Americans identified as "South Asian American", with "Indian" and "Indian American" making up the majority at 68%. This further breaks down by differing religious identities, just 5% of Hindus of Indian descent in America identify as "South Asian", whereas 27% of Muslims of Indian descent in America identify as "South Asian". Indian Americans who were Christians are more than twice as likely to identify as "American" than Hindus of Indian descent. South Asian Americans are one of

1197-575: Is one of the most important festivals in Hinduism. The holiday also has significance for Sikhs and Jains, and is celebrated not just in India, but in Nepal, Malaysia, Singapore, and other countries with South Asian diasporas. There are an estimated 3.45 million Muslims in America. While American Muslims are from a wide variety of ethnic backgrounds—including African-American, South Asian, Arab, African, Persian, European, Southeast Asian, and Turkish—Eid-al-Adha

1260-627: Is the first writer of Nepali descent to be published in the West . His collection of short stories, Arresting God in Kathmandu was published in 2001. Upadhyay is a professor of creative writing at Indiana University . After July 2, 1946, under the Luce–Celler Act , Indians were permitted to hold citizenship in the United States. The Act allowed a quota of 100 immigrants per year from India and allowed Indian nationals who were already residing in

1323-692: Is the list of South Asian diasporas living in the U.S. arranged according to their 2017 population estimated by the US Census Bureau. South Asians are in the highest concentration in the New York City metropolitan area , with other significant concentrations in California, Texas, and Illinois. As of 2012 the metropolitan areas with the largest South Asian populations are New York, San Francisco Bay Area, Chicago, Washington D.C., Los Angeles, Dallas-Fort Worth, and Houston. The states containing

SECTION 20

#1732772762816

1386-655: The April 2015 Nepal earthquake which raised almost one million in funds. Gurung also joined the " Stop Asian Hate " campaign, which works to stop the rise in Asian hate-crimes and racism as exacerbated by COVID-19 . In 201, Gurung was the recipient of the Ecco Domani Fashion Fund Award and received a nomination for the 2010 CFDA / Swarovski Womenswear Award. He was also chosen by prominent fashion editors, retailers, designers and business people for

1449-671: The Battle of Buxar , the Company obtained the Diwani of Bengal, which included the right to administer and collect land-revenue (land tax) in Bengal , the region of present-day Bangladesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Bihar beginning from 1772 as per the treaty signed in 1765. By 1773, the Company obtained the Nizāmat of Bengal (the "exercise of criminal jurisdiction") and thereby full sovereignty of

1512-626: The Indian Empire . India was divided into British India, regions that were directly administered by the British, with acts established and passed in the British parliament, and the princely states , ruled by local rulers of different ethnic backgrounds. These rulers were allowed a measure of internal autonomy in exchange for recognition of British suzerainty . British India constituted a significant portion of India both in area and population; in 1910, for example, it covered approximately 54% of

1575-399: The 1800s. Since interracial marriage with white persons was illegal and South Asian immigrant men were unable to bring over wives from their home countries, Hindu and Muslim South Asian immigrant men married Catholic Mexican women. Most Indian Americans do not identify as South Asian American or Asian American, raising concerns for the viability of it as a classification. The term "South Asia"

1638-618: The East India Company's victories at the Battle of Plassey (1757), and Battle of Buxar (1764)—both within the Bengal Presidency established in 1765—and the abolition of local rule (Nizamat) in Bengal in 1793, the company gradually began to formally expand its territories across India . By the mid-19th century, and after the three Anglo-Maratha Wars and the four Anglo-Mysore Wars , the East India Company had become

1701-837: The MLB IN 2023. He ranked 11th overall on MLB Pipeline prospect rankings. Arjun was selected 20th overall in the first round by the Toronto Blue Jays and officially signed with the team July 2023. Cricket , a very popular sport in South Asia, is still growing in popularity with South Asian American youth, and especially among Millennial and Gen Z youth as they can watch the sport online and more easily identify as global citizens. Major League Cricket , an American league, has been buoyed by South Asian American support. South Asian Americans are often over-represented as university graduates in US census data. Indians ages 25 and older have

1764-754: The Madras Presidency (or the Presidency of Fort St. George), the Bombay Presidency, and the Bengal Presidency (or the Presidency of Fort William)—each administered by a governor. After Robert Clive 's victory in the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the puppet government of a new Nawab of Bengal , was maintained by the East India Company. However, after the invasion of Bengal by the Nawab of Oudh in 1764 and his subsequent defeat in

1827-643: The Pew Research Center found that only 14% of Indian Americans married outside of their ethnic group. Studies show that while many South Asian Americans may date outside of their ethnic group, they end up marrying someone who is considered more compatible and appropriate by society standards. Being raised in the United States, South Asian Americans are part of a culture that encourages dating prior to marriage. But culturally, South Asian American families have different expectations for them than that promoted by Western culture. Diwali, also known as Deepavali,

1890-608: The Princess of Wales in his ornate gowns. Rina Banerjee is a well known artist whose paintings are inspired by Indian miniature paintings, Chinese silk paintings, and Aztec drawings. Salman Toor is a Pakistani American artist in New York city focusing on queer brown men and South Asian identity and xenophobia. Huma Bhabha is a Pakistani American multimedia artist and her work is inspired by science fiction and she creates monumental sculptures that lack clear backgrounds. Jhumpa Lahiri

1953-534: The US to become naturalized. In 1957, Dalip Singh Saund of California became the first Asian American in the United States House of Representatives . In 2017, Ravi Bhalla became the mayor of Hoboken, New Jersey , making him the first Sikh to be elected to the position. In the same year, Kamala Harris became a US Senator from California . In 2010, Nikki Haley ran for governor of South Carolina. When she took office in 2011, she made history as

South Asian Americans - Misplaced Pages Continue

2016-543: The administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent . Collectively, they have been called British India . In one form or another, they existed between 1612 and 1947, conventionally divided into three historical periods: "British India" did not include the many princely states which continued to be ruled by Indian princes, though by the 19th century under British suzerainty —their defence, foreign relations, and communications relinquished to British authority and their internal rule closely monitored. At

2079-466: The area and included over 77% of the population. In addition, there were Portuguese and French exclaves in India. Independence from British rule was achieved in 1947 with the formation of two nations, the Dominions of India and Pakistan , the latter including East Bengal , present-day Bangladesh . The term British India also applied to Burma for a shorter time period: beginning in 1824,

2142-665: The brilliance of Bollywood to the fabrics, embroideries, and textures you can find at Chandni Chowk to the fast-paced streets of Mumbai, it’s an incredible place.” Eventually, he received an opportunity to assist stylists in London and Melbourne during fashion shows for international print media. This opened up more doors for Gurung to expand beyond Asia. In 1998, Gurung moved from New Delhi to New York City where he attended Parsons School of Design and studied under an internship with Donna Karan . Following an apprenticeship with Cynthia Rowley , he worked with Bill Blass for five years as

2205-475: The careers and journeys of South Asian American leaders and entrepreneurs in various sectors. The Woke Desi podcast discusses various topics familiar to South Asians growing up in the United States and providers a forum where listeners can relate to stories and also become empowered to showcase their identity proudly. The Brown People We Know podcast sharing inspiring interviews with South Asians who have nontraditional life journeys and experiences. South Asian Stories

2268-422: The company established its first factory at Hoogly in 1640. Almost a half-century later, after Mughal Emperor Aurengzeb forced the company out of Hooghly for its tax evasion, Job Charnock was tenant of three small villages, later renamed Calcutta , in 1686, making it the company's new headquarters. By the mid-18th century, the three principal trading settlements including factories and forts, were then called

2331-492: The defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War more of his territory was annexed to the Madras Presidency. In 1801, Carnatic , which had been under the suzerainty of the company, began to be directly administered by it as a part of the Madras Presidency. By 1851, the East India Company's vast and growing holdings across the sub-continent were still grouped into just four main territories: By

2394-438: The dependent native states): During the partition of Bengal (1905–1912), a new lieutenant-governor's province of Eastern Bengal and Assam existed. In 1912, the partition was partially reversed, with the eastern and western halves of Bengal re-united and the province of Assam re-established; a new lieutenant-governor's province of Bihar and Orissa was also created. In addition, there were a few provinces that were administered by

2457-639: The early 20th century, the territory of British India extended as far as the frontiers of Persia in the west; Afghanistan in the northwest; Nepal in the north, Tibet in the northeast; and China, French Indochina and Siam in the east. It also included the Aden Province in the Arabian Peninsula . The East India Company , which was incorporated on 31 December 1600, established trade relations with Indian rulers in Masulipatam on

2520-698: The east coast in 1611 and Surat on the west coast in 1612. The company rented a small trading outpost in Madras in 1639. Bombay, which was ceded to the British Crown by Portugal as part of the wedding dowry of Catherine of Braganza in 1661, was in turn granted to the East India Company to be held in trust for the Crown. Meanwhile, in eastern India , after obtaining permission from the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan to trade with Bengal,

2583-749: The expanded Bengal Presidency . During the period, 1773 to 1785, very little changed; the only exceptions were the addition of the dominions of the Raja of Banares to the western boundary of the Bengal Presidency, and the addition of Salsette Island to the Bombay Presidency . Portions of the Kingdom of Mysore were annexed to the Madras Presidency after the Third Anglo-Mysore War ended in 1792. Next, in 1799, after

South Asian Americans - Misplaced Pages Continue

2646-415: The famous NPR podcast and radio show, Hidden Brain, which discusses various influences that can manipulate our brains with or without our awareness. American Born Cultured Desi Podcast converses over the struggles and effects of living as an ABCD (an American Born Confused Desi) and how to balance these two identities and cultures more easily. South Asian Trailblazers is podcast by Simi Shah that examines

2709-621: The fastest growing groups in the United States, increasing in population from 2.2 million to 4.9 million from 2000 to 2015. Around one third of the group lives in the Southern United States , with the population nearly tripling in the South between 2000 and 2017. According to the US census, between 2000 and 2018 the Indian American population grew by nearly 150 percent and had a median income of $ 100,000 in 2015. Following

2772-401: The fastest growing metro areas with 5,000 or more South Asians are Washington, California, Nevada, Arizona, Texas, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida. Culturally, many South Asians identify themselves using a demonym called Desi . Comedian and actor Hari Kondabolu is a successful performer in the US, famously known for his documentary " The Problem with Apu " which examined

2835-518: The first African American and South Asian American vice presidential running mate on a major party ticket. The election was won by Joe Biden making Harris the first female and first African American and South Asian American to be held at such a high office. Amna Nawaz is a correspondent and substitute anchor for the PBS NewsHour and Hari Sreenivasan is a correspondent for the NewsHour and

2898-615: The first woman and the first person of an ethnic minority to hold the governorship. During her first term South Carolina's economy grew steadily as the jobless rate fell, prompting her reelection in 2014. In November 2016, then President-elect Trump selected her to serve as the US Ambassador to the United Nations. She left this office in December 2018. In 2023, she announced that she was running for president in 2024, saying it

2961-580: The footsteps of the elder Batish. The Institute was the third of its kind after ones set up by Ustad Ali Akbar Khan in San Rafael and Pandit Ravi Shankar in Southern California. Prabal Gurung , a Nepalese American fashion designer based in New York is an established name in American fashion industry. Never Have I Ever , a South Asian American comedy drama featured on Netflix in 2020 created by Mindy Kaling and Lang Fisher . It's

3024-613: The highest levels of education among Asian Americans in the US. As of 2019, over 75% of Indians ages 25 and older held bachelors and higher level degrees. In contrast, only 15% of Burmese Americans are likely to hold college degrees. In 2021, in Fairfax County, Virginia, a legal case has been filed by a group of Asian American parents against the school board in federal court for overhauling admission procedures which they claim now discriminates against Asian American students. The new policies have decreased Asian American representation at

3087-523: The implications of the cartoon character Apu on The Simpsons and its effect on young South Asian Americans growing up in US. Other notable actors and entertainers include Mindy Kaling , Padma Lakshmi , Hannah Simone , Aziz Ansari , Kumail Nanjiani , Kunal Nayyar , and Hasan Minhaj . Famous musicians include Curtis Waters , Arthur Gunn , Sameer Gadia—lead singer of Young the Giant , and Norah Jones , daughter of Indian musician Ravi Shankar . Shilpa Ray

3150-682: The men's team and won a bronze medal. In 2003, Gibran Hamdan was drafted by the Washington Redskins and the first player of Pakistani descent in the NFL. Another South Asian player in the NFL was Brandon Chillar . Brandon was a linebacker and drafted by the St. Louis Rams in the 2004 NFL Draft. He played for the Green Bay Packers. Arjun Nimmala made history by becoming the first ever first-generation Indian American player drafted into

3213-450: The new Indian constitution was adopted, the provinces in India were replaced by redrawn states and union territories. Pakistan, however, retained its five provinces, one of which, East Bengal , was renamed East Pakistan in 1956 and became the independent nation of Bangladesh in 1971. Prabal Gurung Prabal Gurung ( Nepali : प्रवल गुरुङ ) (born 1979) is a Nepalese–American fashion designer based in New York City. Gurung

SECTION 50

#1732772762816

3276-675: The paramount political and military power in south Asia, its territory held in trust for the British Crown . Company rule in Bengal (after 1793) was terminated by the Government of India Act 1858 , following the events of the Bengal Rebellion of 1857 . Henceforth known as British India, it was thereafter directly ruled as a colonial possession of the United Kingdom , and India was officially known after 1876 as

3339-485: The prestigious Thomas Jefferson high school and a case is now pending if the new admission criteria are legal and indeed race-neutral as claimed by the school board. There are a number of organizations formed by and for the representation of South Asian Americans in a number of fields and industries, including in alphabetical order: The Juggernaut focuses on telling stories of the South Asian diaspora and global South Asians at large. Shankar Vendantam founded and hosts

3402-563: The specific mechanism remains to be revealed (Gujral, 2020). Diet and exercise also play a huge role in T2DM as South Asian diet consists largely of saturated fat, trans fat, and refined carbohydrates, and do not follow CDC recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate exercise (Ali, 2021). New studies show culturally appropriate interventions aimed at weight loss and physical exercise can lower HbA1C levels (Patel, 2017). British India The provinces of India , earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns , were

3465-453: The state of Gujarat ), and this became the company's first headquarters town. It was followed in 1611 by a permanent factory at Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast , and in 1612 the company joined other already established European trading companies in Bengal in trade. However, the power of the Mughal Empire declined from 1707, first at the hands of the Marathas and later due to invasion from Persia (1739) and Afghanistan (1761); after

3528-440: The time of Indian Independence, in 1947 , there were officially 565 princely states, a few being very large although most were very small. They comprised a quarter of the population of the British Raj and two fifths of its land area, with the provinces comprising the remainders. In 1608, the Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar issued a royal farman to the East India Company to establish a small trading settlement at Surat (now in

3591-434: The time of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , and the end of Company rule, the developments could be summarised as follows: The British Raj began with the idea of the presidencies as the centres of government. Until 1834, when a General Legislative Council was formed, each presidency under its governor and council was empowered to enact a code of so-called 'regulations' for its government. Therefore, any territory or province that

3654-468: The weekend anchor for the NewsHour. Kiran Chetry , a former CNN newsreader is South Asian (Nepalese) through her father's side. Another notable personality is Fareed Zakaria who is a journalist, political commentator, and author. He is the host of CNN 's Fareed Zakaria GPS and writes a weekly paid column for The Washington Post . He has been a columnist for Newsweek , editor of Newsweek International , and an editor at large of Time . Sree Sreenivasan

3717-400: Was "time for a new generation". In 2019, South Asian Americans were typically enrolled as Democrats . In September 2019, 50,000 Indian Americans gathered in Houston, Texas to listen to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi . The event, entitled "Howdy, Modi!" was also attended by then President Trump. This was the largest-ever gathering with a foreign political leader in the United States. In

3780-482: Was added by conquest or treaty to a presidency came under the existing regulations of the corresponding presidency. However, in the case of provinces that were acquired but were not annexed to any of the three presidencies, their official staff could be provided as the governor-general pleased, and was not governed by the existing regulations of the Bengal, Madras, or Bombay presidencies. Such provinces became known as 'non-regulation provinces' and up to 1833 no provision for

3843-404: Was born on March 31, 1979, in Singapore to Nepali parents and raised in Kathmandu , Nepal. His mother, Durga Rana, was a former boutique owner. His older brother, Pravesh Rana Gurung, is an Indian film director, and his older sister, Kumudini Shrestha, is a teacher and social worker. He went to a Jesuit school, St. Xavier's School in Jawalakhel . Before entering the fashion world, he earned

SECTION 60

#1732772762816

3906-453: Was commissioned by Sephora to create new uniforms for all its beauty advisers in North America, making it the first change to the retailer’s employee wear since 2001. He later worked on collections with Lane Bryant (2017), Target (2013), and MAC Cosmetics (2014). Aside from his full-time career as a fashion designer, Gurung established the Shikshya Foundation in Nepal, a non-profit program to benefit underprivileged children. This program

3969-425: Was created in 2012, and since then has benefited over sixty students. The Shikshya Foundation also funds workshops and orientations for teachers educating students in reading, writing, mathematics, and finance. To raise awareness for his project, he worked with Toms in 2016. In addition, Gurung has made strides in supporting Planned Parenthood , ACLU , voter registration, and created a relief fund for victims of

#815184