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51-478: The population of South East Queensland (SEQ) is expected to grow from 2.8 million in 2006 to 4.4 million people by 2031. The plan aims to manage this growth and protect the region’s lifestyle and natural environment. It responds to regional issues such as: continued high population growth ; traffic congestion; koala protection; housing affordability ; climate change ; employment generation; and infrastructure provision. The plan balances population growth with

102-493: A decade later it had fallen to 8.5. In 1996 the rate of natural increase fell below seven for the first time, with the downward trend continuing in the late 1990s. Population projections by the Australian Bureau of Statistics indicate that continued low fertility, combined with the increase in deaths from an ageing population, will result in natural increase falling below zero sometime in the mid-2030s. However, in 2006

153-773: A few instances), dry summers, though summers are not typically as hot as hot desert climates. Unlike hot desert climates, cold desert climates tend to feature cold, dry winters. Snow tends to be rare in regions with this climate. The Gobi Desert in northern China and Mongolia is one example of a cold desert. Though hot in the summer, it shares the freezing winters of the rest of Inner Asia . Summers in South America's Atacama Desert are mild, with only slight temperature variations between seasons. Cold desert climates are typically found at higher altitudes than hot desert climates and are usually drier than hot desert climates. Cold desert climates are typically located in temperate zones in

204-464: A result of the start of the post–World War II baby boom and the immigration of many young people who then had children in Australia. A rate plateau of over 13.0 persons per 1,000 population occurred for every year from 1946 to 1962. There has been a fall in the rate of natural increase since 1962 due to falling fertility . In 1971, the rate of natural increase was 12.7 persons per 1,000 population;

255-537: A statutory model by consensus processes. The South East Queensland Regional Plan 2005-2026 , prepared by the Office of Urban Management, was the first statutory regional plan for SEQ. It was replaced by the current SEQRP 2009 in July 2009. The SEQRP 2009 is an integrated policy and statutory plan. It sets out desired regional outcomes, principles and policies for 12 policy areas, as follows: The plan allocates all land in

306-437: A sustainable maximum population of around 750,000. Where available, actual population figures from census years are included. The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation . The following figures show the total fertility rates since the first years of British colonisation. The crude birth rate

357-462: Is concentrated mainly in urban areas, particularly on the Eastern, South Eastern and Southern seaboards, and is expected to exceed 30 million by 2029. Australia's population has grown from an estimated population of between 300,000 and 2,400,000 Indigenous Australians at the time of British colonisation in 1788 due to numerous waves of immigration during the period since. Also due to immigration,

408-567: Is currently being reviewed. A draft update to the plan was released in October 2016. The SEQRP 2009 is the outcome of a 20-year process of regional planning which started with the SEQ 2001 growth management project in 1990. SEQ 2001 was based on a collaborative, partnership approach between the Commonwealth, State and local governments and the regional community. It resulted in the preparation of

459-566: Is determined. The precipitation threshold (in millimetres) involves first multiplying the average annual temperature in °C by 20, then adding 280 if 70% or more of the total precipitation is in the high-sun summer half of the year (April through September in the Northern Hemisphere , or October through March in the Southern), or 140 if 30–70% of the total precipitation is received during the applicable period, or 0 if less than 30% of

510-550: Is seen in sections of Africa and Arabia . During colder periods of the year, night-time temperatures can drop to freezing or below due to the exceptional radiation loss under the clear skies. However, temperatures rarely drop far below freezing under the hot subtype. Hot desert climates can be found in the deserts of North Africa such as the wide Sahara Desert , the Libyan Desert or the Nubian Desert ; deserts of

561-796: Is the total number of live births per 1,000 population in a year. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics . Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Median age of the Australia population through history. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Sources: Our World In Data and the United Nations . Source: Our World in Data Source: UN World Population Prospects Source: Australia contains five cities (including their suburbs) that consist of over one million people. Most of Australia's population live close to coastlines. The earliest accepted timeline for

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612-403: Is used as an isotherm so that a location with a BW type climate with the appropriate temperature above this isotherm is classified as "hot arid subtype" ( BW h ), and a location with the appropriate temperature below the isotherm is classified as "cold arid subtype" ( BW k ). Most desert/arid climates receive between 25 and 200 mm (1 and 8 in) of rainfall annually, although some of

663-743: The de facto national language and the only common tongue. Australian English is a major variety of the language, with a distinctive accent and lexicon, and differs slightly from other varieties of English in grammar and spelling. General Australian serves as the standard variety. At the 2021 census English was the only language spoken in the homes of 72% of the population. The next most common languages spoken at home are Mandarin Chinese (2.7%), Arabic (1.4%), Vietnamese (1.3%), and Cantonese (1.2%). Considerable proportions of first- and second-generation immigrants are bilingual. Over 250 Indigenous Australian languages are thought to have existed at

714-622: The 2011 census , 495,757 respondents declared they were Aboriginal , 31,407 declared they were Torres Strait Islander , and a further 21,206 declared they were both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders . Today, most of Australia's Indigenous population live on the east coast of Australia, where almost 60% of Indigenous Australians live in New South Wales (208,476) and Queensland (188,954) which roughly represents 2–5% of those state's populations. The Northern Territory has an Indigenous population of 61,115, which represents 26.3% of

765-539: The Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2023. It shows only countries or regions or birth with a population of over 100,000 residing in Australia. As of 2020, 29.8% of Australia's population was born overseas and 76% as of 2016 had European ancestry. The percentage of Australians with European backgrounds has been declining since the 1960s and 1970s, which is around the time the White Australia policy

816-953: The Horn of Africa such as the Danakil Desert or the Grand Bara Desert ; deserts of Southern Africa such as the Namib Desert or the Kalahari Desert ; deserts of West Asia such as the Arabian Desert , or the Syrian Desert ; deserts of South Asia such as Dasht-e Lut and Dasht-e Kavir of Iran or the Thar Desert of India and Pakistan; deserts of the United States and Mexico such as

867-721: The Indian Subcontinent , southwestern Africa, interior Australia, the Southwestern United States , northern Mexico , sections of southeastern Spain , the coast of Peru , and Chile . This makes hot deserts present in every continent except Antarctica. At the time of high sun (summer), scorching, desiccating heat prevails. Hot-month average temperatures are normally between 29 and 35 °C (84 and 95 °F), and midday readings of 43–46 °C (109–115 °F) are common. The world's absolute heat records, over 50 °C (122 °F), are generally in

918-804: The Mojave Desert , the Sonoran Desert or the Chihuahuan Desert ; deserts of Australia such as the Simpson Desert or the Great Victoria Desert and many other regions. In Europe , the hot desert climate can only be found on southeastern coast of Spain as well as small inland parts of southeastern, especially parts of the Tabernas Desert . Hot deserts are lands of extremes: most of them are among

969-534: The Sahara Desert such as Kufra , Libya , record an even drier 0.86 mm (0.034 in) of rainfall annually. The official weather station in Death Valley , United States reports 60 mm (2.4 in) annually, but in 40 months between 1931 and 1934 a total of just 16 mm (0.63 in) of rainfall was measured. To determine whether a location has an arid climate, the precipitation threshold

1020-589: The Second World War has led to the growth of non-Christian religions, the largest of which are Islam (3.2%), Hinduism (2.7%), Buddhism (2.4%), Sikhism (0.8%), and Judaism (0.4%). The Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001 Census Dictionary statement on religious affiliation states the purpose for gathering such information: Data on religious affiliation are used for such purposes as planning educational facilities, aged persons' care and other social services provided by religion-based organisations;

1071-607: The Second World War , the vast majority of settlers and immigrants came from the British Isles (principally England , Ireland and Scotland ), although there was significant immigration from China and Germany during the 19th century. In the decades immediately following the Second World War, Australia received a large wave of immigration from across Europe , with many more immigrants arriving from Southern and Eastern Europe than in previous decades. Since

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1122-656: The fertility rate rose to 1.81, one of the highest rates in the OECD . Since 1901, the crude death rate has fallen from about 12.2 deaths per 1,000 population, to 6.4 deaths per 1,000 population in 2006. Desert climate The desert climate or arid climate (in the Köppen climate classification BWh and BWk ) is a dry climate sub-type in which there is a severe excess of evaporation over precipitation . The typically bald, rocky, or sandy surfaces in desert climates are dry and hold little moisture, quickly evaporating

1173-482: The 17th century. Captain James Cook wrote that he claimed the east coast for Great Britain in 1770 while standing on Possession Island off the west coast of Cape York Peninsula . The west coast was later settled by Britain also. At that time, the indigenous population was estimated to have numbered between as few as 315,000 and as many as 1,100,000, divided into many tribes speaking many different languages. In

1224-519: The 19th and 20th centuries, Australia was majority Protestant with a large Catholic minority. Catholics first outnumbered Anglicans in the 1986 census. As a result of this history, while Australia has no official religion and "no religion" constitutes the largest group by religious identification, the various governments of Australia refer to the Christian God in their ceremonies, as do the various Australian Courts. In all censuses since 1991,

1275-492: The 2001 and 2006 Censuses and other data. At the time of Australian Federation in 1901, the rate of natural increase was 14.9 persons per 1,000 population. The rate increased to a peak of 17.4 per thousand population in the years 1912, 1913 and 1914. During the Great Depression , the rate declined to a low of 7.1 per thousand population in 1934 and 1935. Immediately after World War II, the rate increased sharply as

1326-518: The 2021 census, the most commonly nominated individual ancestries as a proportion of the total population were: At the 2021 census, 3.2% of the Australian population identified as being Indigenous — Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders . In 2020, 7.5% of births were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander persons up from 5.7% in 2010; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander fertility rates have stayed above replacement levels even as

1377-652: The 30s and 40s latitudes, usually in the leeward rain shadow of high mountains, restricting precipitation from the westerly winds. An example of this is the Patagonian Desert in Argentina, bounded by the Andes ranges to its west. In the case of Central Asia, mountains restrict precipitation from the eastern monsoon . The Kyzyl Kum , Taklamakan and Katpana Desert deserts of Central Asia are other significant examples of BWk climates. The Ladakh region and

1428-479: The Brisbane CBD, Ipswich, Maroochydore, Southport and Chermside. 27°39′49″S 152°57′05″E  /  27.66361°S 152.95139°E  / -27.66361; 152.95139 Demographics of Australia The population of Australia is estimated to be 27,534,300 as of 28 November 2024. It is the 54th most populous country in the world and the most populous Oceanian country. Its population

1479-457: The European component's share of the population rose sharply in the late 18th and 19th centuries, but is now declining as a percentage. Australia has an average population density of 3.6 persons per square kilometre of total land area, which makes it one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world . This is generally attributed to the semi-arid and desert geography of much of

1530-881: The SEQ region into one of three regional land use categories, as follows: These areas are spatially defined by lot boundaries (cadastre) on regulatory maps at 1:50,000 scale. The SEQRP 2009 does not permit urban development outside of the Urban Footprint. This represents about 85% of the region, including areas in Redland City set aside for koala habitat. According to the plan, 50% of new dwellings in SEQ will be accommodated by infill and redevelopment in existing urban areas. Infill dwelling targets are identified for each local government area and these have to be planned for in local planning schemes. Higher density and mixed-use development will be focussed around regional activity centres and high-frequency transit corridors, such as

1581-504: The already little rainfall they receive. Covering 14.2% of Earth's land area, hot deserts are the second-most common type of climate on Earth after the Polar climate . There are two variations of a desert climate according to the Köppen climate classification : a hot desert climate ( BWh ), and a cold desert climate ( BWk ). To delineate "hot desert climates" from "cold desert climates", a mean annual temperature of 18 °C (64.4 °F)

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1632-994: The city of Leh in the Great Himalayas in India also have a cold desert climate. In North America, the cold desert climate occurs in the drier parts of the Great Basin Desert and the Bighorn Basin in Big Horn and Washakie County in Wyoming . The Hautes Plaines , located in the northeastern section of Morocco and in Algeria , is another prominent example of a cold desert climate. In Europe , this climate only occurs in some inland parts of southeastern Spain, such as in Lorca . Polar climate desert areas in

1683-469: The end of World War I, much of this increase from immigration . Australia has the world's eighth-largest immigrant population, with immigrants accounting for 30% of the population, a higher proportion than in any other nation with a population of over 10 million. Most immigrants are skilled, but the immigration quota includes categories for family members and refugees . The following table shows Australia's population by country of birth as estimated by

1734-586: The end of the White Australia policy in 1973, Australia has pursued an official policy of multiculturalism , and there has been a large and continuing wave of immigration from across the world, with Asia being the largest source of immigrants in the 21st century. The Australian Bureau of Statistics no longer collects data on race , but does ask each Australian resident to nominate up to two ancestries each census . These ancestry responses are classified into broad standardised ancestry groups. In

1785-495: The first arrivals of humans to the continent of Australia places this human migration to at least 65,000 years ago, most probably from the islands of Indonesia and New Guinea . Captain James Cook claimed the east coast for Great Britain in 1770; the west coast was later settled by Britain also. At that time, the indigenous population was estimated to have been between 315,000 and 750,000, divided into as many as 500 tribes speaking many different languages. Between 1788 and

1836-438: The first time in the 2021 census when asking which language was used at home. According to the census, it is the main language of about 16,000 deaf people. The earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of indigenous Australians to the continent of Australia places this human migration to at least 40,000 years ago. Dutch navigators landed on the coasts of modern Western Australia and Queensland several times during

1887-479: The first, non-statutory regional plan for SEQ called the SEQ Regional Framework for Growth Management 1995 . This plan was formally endorsed by all three levels of government. In a report for ACELG (Australian Centre of Excellence for Local Government), Abbott (2012) has documented the 20 year evolution of metropolitan regional planning and collaborative governance in SEQ from a non-statutory to

1938-599: The hot deserts, where the heat potential can be the highest on the planet. This includes the record of 56.7 °C (134.1 °F) in Death Valley , which is currently considered the highest temperature recorded on Earth . Some deserts in the tropics consistently experience very high temperatures all year long, even during wintertime. These locations feature some of the highest annual average temperatures recorded on Earth, exceeding 30 °C (86 °F), up to nearly 35 °C (95 °F) in Dallol, Ethiopia . This last feature

1989-444: The hottest, the driest, and the sunniest places on Earth because of nearly constant high pressure; the almost permanent removal of low-pressure systems, dynamic fronts, and atmospheric disturbances; sinking air motion; dry atmosphere near the surface and aloft; the exacerbated exposure to the sun where solar angles are always high makes this desert inhospitable to most species. Cold desert climates ( BWk ) usually feature hot (or warm in

2040-572: The interior of the country. Another factor is urbanisation, with 89% of its population living in a handful of urban areas, Australia is one of the world's most urbanised countries. The life expectancy of Australia in 2015–2017 was 83.2 years, among the highest in the world . Population estimates in the table below do not include the Aboriginal population before 1961. Estimates of Aboriginal population before European settlement range from 300,000 to one million, with archaeological finds indicating

2091-410: The location of church buildings; the assigning of chaplains to hospitals, prisons, armed services and universities; the allocation of time on public radio and other media; and sociological research. Historically, Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology was the prevalent belief system in Australia until around 1840, when European Australians first outnumbered indigenous Australians. For a period, in

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2142-549: The most consistently hot areas of Central Australia , the Sahel and Guajira Peninsula can be, due to extreme potential evapotranspiration , classed as arid with the annual rainfall as high as 430 millimetres or 17 inches. Although no part of Earth is known for certain to be rainless, in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, the average annual rainfall over 17 years was only 5 millimetres (0.20 in). Some locations in

2193-558: The nation's has declined rapidly. Although the ABS does not collect data on race and ethnic background, various studies have put together results of the census to determine the ethnic composition of Australia, the Australian Human Rights Commission has estimated the European population at 76% of the Australian population in 2016, while a media diversity study put it at 72% in 2021, the non-European proportion

2244-521: The need to protect the lifestyle South East Queensland residents value and enjoy. A draft of the plan was released by the regional planning Minister on 7 December 2008 and it was open for public consultation until 1 May 2009. The final approved plan was released on 28 July 2009. The plan and its State Planning Regulatory Provisions are administered by the Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning. The South East Queensland Regional Plan

2295-415: The percentage of Christians has been steadily decreasing, while the percentage of non-religious has been increasing. As in many Western countries, the level of active participation in religious services is lower than would be indicated by the proportion of the population identifying themselves as affiliated with a religion; weekly attendance at Christian church services is about 1.5 million, or about 7.5% of

2346-522: The population. Christian charitable organisations, hospitals and schools play a prominent role in welfare and education services. The Catholic education system is the second biggest sector after government schools, with more than 795,000 students (and around 20 per cent of all secondary school enrolments). The vast majority of Australians speak English at home, with the exception of some Aboriginal Australians and first-generation immigrants. Although Australia has no official language, English has always been

2397-498: The time of first European contact; fewer than 20 are still in daily use by all age groups. About 110 others are spoken exclusively by older people. At the time of the 2006 census, 52,000 Indigenous Australians, representing 12% of the Indigenous population, reported that they spoke an Indigenous language at home. Australia has its own sign language , Auslan . The Australian Bureau of Statistics included Auslan as an option for

2448-493: The total Northern Territory population. national population As of the year to 30 June 2023, the population growth rate was 2.4%. This rate was based on estimates of (June 2023): Much of the data that follows has been derived from the CIA World Factbook and the Australian Bureau of Statistics , through censuses . The following figures are ABS estimates for the resident population of Australia, based on

2499-650: The total precipitation is so received there. If the area's annual precipitation is less than half the threshold (50%), it is classified as a BW (desert climate), while 50–100% of the threshold results in a semi-arid climate. Hot desert climates ( BWh ) are typically found under the subtropical ridge in the lower middle latitudes or the subtropics , often between 20° and 33° north and south latitudes. In these locations, stable descending air and high pressure aloft clear clouds and create hot, arid conditions with intense sunshine. Hot desert climates are found across vast areas of North Africa , West Asia , northwestern parts of

2550-498: Was 21% and 23% respectively, and the Aboriginal Australian population at 3% in both. Immigration minister Andrew Giles had pledged to incorporate a question on ethnicity into the 2026 Australian census . However in 2024 the ABS decided against collecting data on ethnicity. In 2019, 30% of the Australian resident population, or 7,529,570 people, were born overseas. Australia's population has quadrupled since

2601-553: Was abolished. Religion in Australia as declared in the 2021 census At the 2021 Census, 38.9% of the population identified as having "no religion" , up from 15.5% in 2001. The largest religion is Christianity (43.9% of the population). The largest Christian denominations are the Roman Catholic Church (20% of the population) and the Anglican Church of Australia (9.8%). Multicultural immigration since

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