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95-529: Following the expansion of O'Hare to become one of the busiest international airports in the world, proposals for a third airport have been in discussion since the end of the 1960s, with planning for the development of a site in Peotone since the late 1990s. Since its initiation over 50 years ago, a proposal for a third airport has remained controversial in terms of both cost, need, and calls for alternatives to accommodate increased air traffic demand. Stanley Berge,

190-485: A 5 miles (8.0 km) diameter circular dike. The water was to be drained from inside the dike, the airport situated on the circular lake bottom inside. A causeway would connect the airport to the shore. Harza Engineering, which prepared the plan, was experienced in dams and hydrological projects. Harza's report claimed that environmental damage would be small and localized. The city Commissioner of Public Works claimed that aquatic life would be improved. Public opposition to

285-551: A Metropolitan Airport Authority bill from 1985 to 1987 in an effort to alleviate airspace noise and pollution from the airport, but the bill never passed. Legislators compromised on a resolution, which awarded $ 500,000 for a transportation study for a proposed third Chicago area airport. In 1986, state legislation created the Illinois Airport System Plan Policy Commission (IASPPC). The commission had bipartisan and tri-state support from

380-598: A Tier 1 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for site approval and land acquisition and issued a Record of Decision (ROD) on the Tier 1 EIS in July 2002, which approved the Will County, Illinois, site as a technically and environmentally feasible location for the development of a potential future air carrier airport in the south suburban area of Chicago. The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) began purchasing land for

475-549: A boon to the university as it trained over 36,000 sailors over the course of the war, which led Northwestern to be called the " Annapolis of the Midwest." Franklyn B. Snyder led the university from 1939 to 1949, and after the war, surging enrollments under the G.I. Bill drove the dramatic expansion of both campuses. In 1948, prominent anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits founded the Program of African Studies at Northwestern,

570-604: A comparable journalism program to that of its U.S. campus given Qatar's instances of censorship and strict limits on journalistic and academic freedoms. The Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development , a private charitable institution founded by former emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani and his wife and mother of the current emir Sheikha Moza bint Nasser , provided funding for construction and administrative costs, as well as support to hire 50 to 60 faculty and staff, some of whom rotate between

665-524: A lake and region in Chicago that the airport would be built in proximity to, and the mayor's preference. The Lake Calumet site was selected and Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley , the son of Richard J. Daley, attempted to put a legislative bill through during the end of the state legislative session. The cost of the Lake Calumet site was $ 10.8 billion. State Senate President Pate Phillips did not support

760-463: A litany of needed consultant reports beginning with an appraisal report, a summary of engineering reports, and graphic simulation studies for both a land and lake site. On January 27, 1970, Daley shelved plans for the airport, stating, "It was not necessary until the year 2000." Following 15 years of investments at both O'Hare and Midway airports in the early 1970s, some northwest suburban leaders became concerned over noise issues at O'Hare Airport, which

855-428: A low of $ 331,000 in 1935. The university responded with two salary cuts of 10 percent each for all employees. It imposed hiring and building freezes and slashed appropriations for maintenance, books, and research. Having had a balanced budget in 1930–31, the university now faced deficits of roughly $ 100,000 for the next four years. Enrollments fell in most schools, with law and music suffering the biggest declines. However,

950-510: A master plan for the principal buildings on the new campus, which he designed in collegiate gothic style. In 1923, Mrs. Montgomery Ward donated $ 8 million to the campaign to finance the construction of the Montgomery Ward Memorial Building, which would house the medical and dental schools, and create endowments for faculty chairs, research grants, scholarships, and building maintenance. The building would become

1045-932: A meeting on May 31, 1850, of nine prominent Chicago businessmen, Methodist leaders, and attorneys who had formed the idea of establishing a university to serve what had been known from 1787 to 1803 as the Northwest Territory . On January 28, 1851, the Illinois General Assembly granted a charter to the Trustees of the North-Western University , making it the first chartered university in Illinois. The school's nine founders, all of whom were Methodists (three of them ministers), knelt in prayer and worship before launching their first organizational meeting. Although they affiliated

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1140-1015: A particular intellectual interest. The residential colleges include Ayers College of Commerce and Industry , Chapin Hall (Humanities), East Fairchild (Communications), Hobart House (women's), the Public Affairs Residential College , the Residential College of Cultural and Community Studies , Shepard Residential College (multi-thematic), Slivka Residential College for Science and Engineering , West Fairchild (International Studies), and Willard Residential College (multi-thematic). Residence halls include Allison Hall, Bobb-McCulloch, Elder Hall, Foster-Walker Complex (commonly referred to as Plex), Rogers House, and Shapiro Hall (formerly known as 560 Lincoln) among others. Illinois Department of Transportation The Illinois Department of Transportation ( IDOT )

1235-650: A partnership with Oakton College and the Illinois Department of Corrections in 2023, Northwestern awarded the first bachelors degrees in the United States to a graduating class of prisoners from a top-ranked university. In April 2024, Northwestern University students joined other campuses across the United States in protests against the Israel–Hamas war . The student protestors demanded divestment from companies with ties to Israel and that

1330-404: A professor at Northwestern University , first proposed a Peotone airport site on November 13, 1968. His main arguments for the proposed site were that it could have fast access to Chicago by rail and highway, that the potential site was far enough from O'Hare Airport to avoid the airports interfering with each other's flight patterns, that it would have all-weather flight safety, and that the site

1425-462: A record 52,225 applications for its class size of approximately 2,100 students in 2022–2023 academic year. For the Class of 2027, regular decision acceptance rate was approximately 4.6%, while overall acceptance rate remained around 7.0%. For the Class of 2026, the interquartile range (middle 50%) on the post-2016 SAT was a combined (verbal and math) 1500–1560 out of 1600; the interquartile range on

1520-490: A south suburban airport. There have been several proposals to build an airport in Lake Michigan, east of the Chicago shoreline. In 1928, the city funded a plan to build an artificial island for an airport east of the near south side. In 1970, Mayor Richard J. Daley released an ambitious plan to site an airport 8.5 miles (13.7 km) offshore east of 55th Street. The 1970 proposal envisioned an airport surrounded by

1615-419: A speech at Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall, then Governor of Illinois George Ryan announced that he would commute the sentences of more than 150 death-row inmates. In the 2010s, a five-year capital campaign resulted in a new music center, a replacement building for the business school, and a $ 270 million athletic complex. In 2014, President Barack Obama delivered a seminal economics speech at

1710-608: A student-to-faculty ratio of 6:1. 77% of the classes have less than 20 students while 5.5% of the classes have more than 50 students. The Northwestern library system consists of four libraries on the Evanston campus including the Main University Library , the Boas Mathematics Library, Mudd Library, and the original library building, Deering Library; three libraries on the Chicago campus; and

1805-402: A third Chicago area airport. However, proponents of a third airport believe that Rockford and Milwaukee are not close enough to Chicago to be an effective option, and that expanding Milwaukee's or Gary, Indiana's airports for Chicago-bound travelers is not as financially beneficial to the state of Illinois as it will be to the states of Wisconsin or Indiana . There is no official name beyond

1900-467: Is a state agency in charge of state-maintained public roadways of the U.S. state of Illinois . In addition, IDOT provides funding for rail, public transit and airport projects and administers fuel tax and federal funding to local jurisdictions in the state. The Secretary of Transportation reports to the Governor of Illinois . IDOT is headquartered in unincorporated Sangamon County , located near

1995-801: Is also prominent in law and medicine . Northwestern is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and the respective national professional organizations for chemistry, psychology, business, education, journalism, music, engineering, law, and medicine. Northwestern conferred 2,190 bachelor's degrees, 3,272 master's degrees, 565 doctoral degrees, and 444 professional degrees in 2012–2013. Since 1951, Northwestern has awarded 520 honorary degrees . Northwestern also has chapters of academic honor societies such as Phi Beta Kappa (Alpha of Illinois), Eta Kappa Nu , Tau Beta Pi , Eta Sigma Phi (Beta Chapter), Lambda Pi Eta , and Alpha Sigma Lambda (Alpha Chapter). Northwestern maintains

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2090-597: Is called the Purple Line , taking its name from Northwestern's school color. The Foster and Davis stations are within walking distance of the southern end of the campus, while the Noyes station is close to the northern end of the campus. The Central station is close to Ryan Field , Northwestern's football stadium. The Evanston Davis Street Metra station serves the Northwestern campus in downtown Evanston and

2185-518: Is chaired by Peter Barris '74. The board delegates its power to an elected president who serves as the chief executive officer of the university. Northwestern has had seventeen presidents in its history (excluding interim presidents). The current president, legal scholar Michael Schill , succeeded Morton O. Schapiro in fall 2022. The president maintains a staff of vice presidents, directors, and other assistants for administrative, financial, faculty, and student matters. Kathleen Haggerty assumed

2280-663: Is characterized by its blend of modern and historic gothic architecture . Northwestern's Evanston campus, where the undergraduate schools, the Graduate School, and the Kellogg School of Management are located, runs north–south from Lincoln Avenue to Clark Street west of Lake Michigan along Sheridan Road . North Campus is home to the fraternity quads , athletics facilities including the Henry Crown Sports Pavilion and Norris Aquatics Center,

2375-534: Is composed of eleven undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools which includes Kellogg School of Management , McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences among others. In addition to the Evanston campus, it has campuses in downtown Chicago , Coral Gables , San Francisco , Doha , and Washington, D.C. As of 2023, the university had an endowment of $ 14.1 billion, an annual budget of around $ 2.9 billion, and research funding of over $ 1 billion. The university fields 19 intercollegiate athletic teams,

2470-596: Is designed to combine both commuter and high-speed lines. 41°22′35″N 87°43′05″W  /  41.376336°N 87.717996°W  / 41.376336; -87.717996 Northwestern University Northwestern University ( NU ) is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois , United States. Established in 1851 to serve the historic Northwest Territory , it is the oldest chartered university in Illinois . The university has its main campus along

2565-472: Is drawn from all 50 states and over 75 foreign countries. Twenty percent of students in the Class of 2024 were Pell Grant recipients and 12.56% were first-generation college students. Northwestern also enrolls the ninth-most National Merit Scholars of any university in the nation. In Fall 2014, 40.6% of undergraduate students were enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in

2660-492: Is no university-wide core curriculum , a foundation in the liberal arts and sciences, sometimes referred as distribution requirements, are required for all majors; individual degree requirements are set by the faculty of each school. The university heavily emphasizes interdisciplinary learning, with 72% of undergrads combining two or more areas of study. Northwestern's full-time undergraduate and graduate programs operate on an approximately 10-week academic quarter system with

2755-840: Is the 14th-largest university library in North America based on total number of titles held. Among the library's collection and sections are: Northwestern, along with 15 other universities, participates in digitizing its collections as part of the Google Book Search project. Northwestern University Library is a partner with the Native American Education Services College (NAES), the American Indian Association of Illinois (AIAI), and Northwestern University's Center for Native American and Indigenous Research in

2850-659: The Chicago Tribune reported "the major airlines serving O'Hare and Midway Airport have shown no interest in a south suburban airport." The Peotone specific opposition to the south suburban airport includes environmentalists and farmers. Kevin Brubaker of the Environmental Law and Policy Center said the construction would destroy 1,200 acres of flood plains as well as 180 acres of wetlands. Various politicians and interest groups have proposed alternatives to

2945-535: The Evanston Central Street Metra station is near Ryan Field. Pace Suburban Bus Service and the CTA have several bus routes that run through or near the Evanston campus. Northwestern's Chicago campus is located in the city's Streeterville neighborhood near Lake Michigan. The Chicago campus is home to the nationally ranked Northwestern Memorial Hospital , the medical school , the law school ,

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3040-477: The Kellogg School of Management and built several prominent buildings on the Evanston campus, including Dyche Stadium , now named Ryan Field , among others. In the 1920s, Northwestern became one of the first six universities in the United States to establish a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC). In 1939, Northwestern hosted the first-ever NCAA Division I men's basketball championship game in

3135-860: The Northwestern Wildcats , which compete in the NCAA Division I in the Big Ten Conference . As of September 2020, 33 Nobel Prize laureates and 2 Fields Medalists were affiliated with Northwestern as alumni or faculty . In addition, Northwestern has been associated with 47 Pulitzer Prize winners, 23 National Medal of Science winners, 11 National Humanities Medal recipients, 23 MacArthur Fellows , 20 Rhodes Scholars , and 28 Marshall Scholars . Northwestern alumni also include 10 living billionaires, 2 U.S. Supreme Court Justices , and 25 Olympic medalists . The foundation of Northwestern University can be traced to

3230-504: The Yale University campus, to house the professional schools. In addition, James Gamble Rogers designed a library in accordance with the gothic architectural style on the Evanston campus in order to make use of the $ 1 million donated to the school after the death of Charles Deering . This library is named in memory of him and its design was inspired by Cambridge University's King's College Chapel . The university also established

3325-485: The "About Our Students: Recruit at Northwestern" page on Northwestern's website. The freshman retention rate for that year was 99%. Eighty-six percent of students graduated after four years and 96% graduated after six years. These numbers can largely be attributed to the university's various specialized degree programs, such as those that allow students to earn master's degrees with a one- or two-year extension of their undergraduate program. The undergraduate population

3420-497: The 1970s and 1980s, President Arnold R. Weber was able to stabilize university finances, which led to a revitalization of its campuses. In 1996, Princess Diana visited Northwestern's Evanston and Chicago campuses to raise money for the university hospital's Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center at the invitation of then- President Bienen . Her visit raised a total of $ 1.5 million for cancer research. As admissions to colleges and universities grew increasingly competitive in

3515-459: The 1990s and 2000s, President Henry S. Bienen 's tenure saw an increase in the number and quality of undergraduate applicants, continued expansion of the facilities and faculty, and renewed athletic competitiveness. In 1999, Northwestern student journalists uncovered information exonerating Illinois death-row inmate Anthony Porter two days before his scheduled execution. The Innocence Project has since exonerated 10 more men. On January 11, 2003, in

3610-435: The 2019 capital bill signed into law by Governor J. B. Pritzker . The bill allocated $ 162 million toward road improvements that would connect Interstate 57 to the proposed airport site, an environmental review, and the completion of a master plan. At that time the state had acquired about 5,000 acres of the proposed new airport site. In mid-2023, a state law was passed to force IDOT to review proposals to develop and maintain

3705-759: The Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies (CAPST) and the Initiative at Northwestern for Quantum Information Research and Engineering (INQUIRE) have attracted attention in recent years. Northwestern's investment and collaboration areas include particle physics, quantum physics, quantum information technologies, and superconducting technologies. In 2013, Northwestern researchers disclosed 247 inventions, filed 270 patent applications, received 81 foreign and US patents, started 12 companies, and generated $ 79.8 million in licensing revenue. The Innovation and New Ventures Office (INVO) has been involved in creating

3800-436: The Center for Developmental Therapeutics (CDT) and the Center for Device Development (CD2). Northwestern files hundreds of patents each year, ranking among the top 20 universities in the world in terms of U.S. utility patents. One of the university's most successful current patents is pregabalin, a synthesized organic molecule developed at the university by chemistry professor Richard Bruce Silverman (for whom Silverman Hall

3895-639: The Chicago-area Regional Transportation Authority , which was in the process of being formed at this time. The Division of Aeronautics was added in 1973. On June 18, 2005, IDOT became the first state transportation agency to achieve ISO 9001:2000 certification for 23 key processes located in the Central Administrative Office and regional District Six. On July 6, 2006, that certification was expanded to encompass all processes involved in

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3990-646: The Deering family rescued the university budget with an unrestricted gift of $ 6 million, bringing the budget up to $ 5.4 million in 1938–39. This allowed many of the previous spending cuts to be restored, including half of the salary reductions. Like other American research universities, Northwestern was transformed by World War II (1939–1945). Regular enrollment fell dramatically, but the school opened high-intensity, short-term programs that trained over 50,000 military personnel, including future president John F. Kennedy . Northwestern's existing NROTC program proved to be

4085-561: The Early Decision application round. Northwestern's early decision admission numbers for the Class of 2027 reveal an early acceptance rate of about 20%, with approximately 1,000 students being admitted out of 5,220 applications. In April 2016, Northwestern became one of 15 Illinois universities to sign on to the Chicago Star Partnership, a City Colleges initiative aimed at increasing opportunities for students in

4180-551: The Evanston and Qatar campuses. Northwestern receives roughly $ 45 million per year to operate the campus. In February 2016, Northwestern reached an agreement with the Qatar Foundation to extend the operations of the NU-Q branch for an additional decade, through the 2027–2028 academic year. Northwestern is privately owned and governed by an appointed Board of Trustees , which is composed of 70 members and, as of 2022 ,

4275-632: The Evanston campus. In 2015, Queen Máxima and King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands visited Northwestern to announce research collaborations between Northwestern and several Dutch institutions focused on the study of aging. In 2021, an additional $ 480 million, the largest donation in the university's history, was donated to Northwestern by the Ryan Family to be applied to research at the Kellogg School of Management and Feinberg School of Medicine , as well as for renovating Ryan Field . In

4370-811: The Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, and the Argonne/Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center among other centers for interdisciplinary research. The university also shares collaborative research efforts with other universities such as the CZ Biohub Chicago with the University of Chicago and University of Illinois . In addition, Northwestern University cooperates with research institutions such as Argonne National Laboratory and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FermiLab) . Proceeding in cooperation with these laboratories,

4465-655: The McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bienen School of Music, and 6.4% in the School of Education and Social Policy. The five most commonly awarded undergraduate degrees are economics, journalism, communication studies, psychology, and political science. The Kellogg School of Management's MBA ,

4560-941: The NAES College Digital Library Project, which preserves the NAES College library and archives. Northwestern was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1917 and is classified as an R1 university, denoting "very high" research activity. Northwestern's schools of management, engineering, and communication are among the most academically productive in the nation. The university received $ 923.8 million in research funding and $ 421 million in NIH funding in 2022 and houses over 90 school-based and 40 university-wide research institutes and centers. Northwestern also supports nearly 1,500 research laboratories across two campuses, predominantly in

4655-513: The Peotone site, stating that "economic considerations would override political ones in choosing a location" for the airport. The City of Chicago had acquired three seats on the IASPPC, bringing the total to eleven. Political pressure by the City of Chicago resulted in IASPPC members voting to eliminate all rural sites from the final vote. The final selection was between Gary Airport and Lake Calumet,

4750-548: The School of Law's JD , and the Feinberg School of Medicine's MD are the three largest professional degree programs by enrollment. With 2,446 students enrolled in science, engineering, and health fields, the largest graduate programs by enrollment include chemistry, integrated biology, material sciences, electrical and computer engineering, neuroscience, and economics. Northwestern offers both traditional residence halls and residential colleges for students who share

4845-768: The Technological Institute, Dearborn Observatory, the Patrick G. and Shirley W. Ryan Hall for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center among others. South Campus is home to the university's humanities buildings, music buildings like the Pick-Staiger Concert Hall , the Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art , and the sorority quads. In the 1960s,

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4940-618: The Will County airport site in 2002, with funding of $ 75 million earmarked by the Illinois FIRST program. The state has purchased about half of the 4,200 acres (6.56 sq mi; 17.00 km) required for the plan. The current plan is in flux, as the position of the runways has continued to be debated. Eminent domain cases are also working their way through the courts. About three million people live in central and south Cook County, Illinois ; Will County, Illinois ; and Lake County, Indiana , which puts them in reasonable proximity to

5035-838: The academic year beginning in late September and ending in early June. Under the regular academic calendar, each quarter contains a four-day Reading Period in between the end of classes and the beginning of finals. Undergraduates typically take four courses each quarter and twelve courses in an academic year and are required to complete at least twelve quarters on campus to graduate. Northwestern offers honors, accelerated, and joint degree programs in medicine, science, mathematics, engineering, and journalism. The comprehensive doctoral graduate program has high coexistence with undergraduate programs. The most popular and prominent majors at Northwestern in 2021 include communication , journalism , engineering , computer science , mathematics , statistics , biological sciences , physics , and chemistry . It

5130-496: The administration protect freedom of speech , civil rights and be transparent with their investments moving forward. The university administration came to an agreement with the protestors which permited peaceful demonstrations, gave students representation on an investment committee and pledged to bring Palestinian students to campus. Northwestern University's main campus is located in the suburb of Evanston, Illinois, just north of Chicago. The campus spans an area of 240 acres and

5225-606: The airport by the end of the year. An op-ed in Crain's Chicago Business by public affairs consultant Delmarie Cobb cites its proximity to five of Amazon 's south suburban fulfillment centers and job opportunities for residents of the South Side of Chicago and south suburbs as reasons to support a third airport in the south suburbs. Supporters of a new south suburban airport have historically found common ground with those opposing an expansion of O'Hare Airport . The proponents of

5320-460: The airport to handle larger aircraft. In March 2011, Illinois Governor Pat Quinn announced his intention to start construction "as fast as humanly possible" on an airport in Illinois; however, the FAA had not finalized plans yet, and the land acquisition was still being completed. In June, U.S. Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood noted that there had been little call at the federal level recently for

5415-610: The bill, as it would have cost the state $ 2 billion for its share. It took four tries in the State House before it reached the State Senate. By July 1992, Mayor Daley declared the airport issue dead and focused on further expansions and enhancements of O'Hare and Midway airports. Planning for the South Suburban Airport began in 1984 as a cooperative venture between the states of Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin,

5510-574: The city of Chicago, and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), which has stated that the Chicago area needs a third airport to handle growing air traffic. After many studies, the airport location alternatives were narrowed to five sites in 1990. The state of Illinois submitted an Environmental Assessment to the FAA in March 1998 for approval of the development of an airport at a site in eastern Will County. The FAA prepared

5605-469: The city of Evanston, Illinois. The first building, Old College , opened on November 5, 1855. To raise funds for its construction, Northwestern sold $ 100 "perpetual scholarships" entitling the purchaser and his heirs to free tuition. Another building, University Hall , was built in 1869 of the same Joliet limestone as the Chicago Water Tower , also built in 1869, one of the few buildings in

5700-616: The city's public school district. Through this partnership, the university provides scholarships to students who "graduate from Chicago Public Schools, get their associate degree from one of the city's community colleges, and then get admitted to a bachelor's degree program." The university is need-blind for domestic applicants. Northwestern is a large, residential research university . The university provides instruction in over 200 formal academic concentrations, 124 undergraduate programs, and 145 graduate and professional programs, including various dual degree programs. Although there

5795-399: The demolition of Chicago's Hegewisch neighborhood along with portions of suburban Burnham and Calumet City and faced staunch opposition from Hegewisch residents. After facing opposition from Senate President Pate Philip and concerns over the cost of the airport, Daley declared the airport proposal "dead." After his failure to build the Lake Calumet airport, Daley focused his efforts on

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5890-615: The demolition of the architecturally significant Prentice Women's Hospital . Eric G. Neilson, dean of the medical school, penned an op-ed that equated retaining the building with loss of life. In Fall 2008, Northwestern opened a campus in Education City , Doha , Qatar . Through the Medill School of Journalism and School of Communication, NU-Q offers bachelor's degrees in journalism and communications respectively. However, some have questioned whether NU-Q can truly offer

5985-538: The evidence-based reading and writing (EBRW) section of the SAT was 730–770 out of 800 while the interquartile range on the Math section of the SAT was 760–800 out of 800. ACT composite scores for the middle 50% ranged from 33 to 35 out of 36, and 96% ranked in the top ten percent of their respective high school classes. Approximately 35–40% percent of the incoming students of the Class of 2027 have been admitted through

6080-560: The expansion of O'Hare Airport. Opponents of the O'Hare expansion are supportive of a third airport. A proposal to turn the Gary/Chicago International Airport into Chicago's third major airport received a boost in early 2006 with the approval of $ 48 million in federal funding over the next ten years. Expansion plans include a new multi-level Intermodal Terminal combining three modes of transit – passenger rail, passenger vehicles and air travel. The rail system

6175-540: The first center of its kind at an American academic institution. J. Roscoe Miller 's tenure as president from 1949 to 1970 saw an expansion of the Evanston campus, with the construction of the Lakefill on Lake Michigan, growth of the faculty and new academic programs, and polarizing Vietnam-era student protests. In 1978, the first and second Unabomber attacks occurred at Northwestern University. Relations between Evanston and Northwestern became strained throughout much of

6270-642: The first university skyscraper in the United States. In addition to the Ward Building, Rogers designed Wieboldt Hall to house facilities for the School of Commerce and Levy Mayer Hall to house the School of Law. The new campus comprising these three new buildings was dedicated during a two-day ceremony in June 1927. The Chicago campus continued to expand with the addition of Thorne Hall in 1931 and Abbott Hall in 1939. In October 2013, Northwestern began

6365-472: The first woman graduated in 1874. Northwestern fielded its first intercollegiate football team in 1882, later becoming a founding member of the Big Ten Conference. In the 1870s and 1880s, Northwestern affiliated itself with already existing schools of law, medicine, and dentistry in Chicago. The Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law is the oldest law school in Chicago. As the university's enrollments grew, these professional schools were integrated with

6460-445: The following offices and divisions: Offices Divisions The Illinois Department of Transportation was created by the 77th Illinois General Assembly in January 1972. The department absorbed the functions of the former Department of Public Works and Buildings, acquired some planning and safety inspection functions of other state agencies, and received responsibility for state assistance to local mass transportation agencies such as

6555-402: The governors of Illinois , Indiana , and Wisconsin . Commissioners chose consultant Peat Marwick to develop the aviation studies. The first capacity study concluded that O’Hare and Midway airports alone could not accommodate the expanding Chicago aviation market, and the study recommended for another airport to be built. Senator Aldo DeAngelis of south suburban Olympia Fields advocated for

6650-447: The heart of Chicago to survive the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. In 1873 the Evanston College for Ladies merged with Northwestern, and Frances Willard , who later gained fame as a suffragette and as one of the founders of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), became the school's first dean of women ( Willard Residential College , built in 1938, honors her name). Northwestern admitted its first female students in 1869, and

6745-424: The idea; many Northwestern alumni, however, opposed it, fearing the loss of their alma mater and its many traditions that distinguished Northwestern from Chicago. The medical school, for example, was oriented toward training practitioners, and alumni feared it would lose its mission if it were merged into the more research-oriented University of Chicago Medical School . The merger plan was ultimately dropped. In 1935,

6840-416: The library affiliated with Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary . Northwestern Libraries host a total of 8,198,268 printed or electronic volumes . In addition, its libraries contain 229,198 maps , 211,127 audio files , 103,377 printed journals , 196,716 electronic journals, 91,334 movies or videos, 36,989 manuscripts, 4.6 million microforms , and almost 99,000 periodicals . The University Library

6935-802: The medical and biological sciences. Also, Northwestern houses more than 50 University Research Institutes & Centers (URICS), which consists of institutes and initiatives that combine multiple areas of study to pursue research across domains such as quantum information , policy research, bioelectronics , and more. Northwestern is home to the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, Northwestern Institute for Complex Systems, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, Materials Research Center, Center for Quantum Devices, Institute for Policy Research, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Center for Catalysis and Surface Science, Buffet Center for International and Comparative Studies,

7030-412: The movement toward state certification of school teachers prompted Northwestern to start a new graduate program in education, thereby bringing in new students and much-needed income. In June 1933, Robert Maynard Hutchins , president of the University of Chicago , proposed a merger of the two universities, estimating annual savings of $ 1.7 million. The two presidents were enthusiastic, and the faculty liked

7125-769: The original Patten Gymnasium , which was later demolished and relocated farther north, along with the Dearborn Observatory , to make room for the Technological Institute . After the golden years of the 1920s, the Great Depression in the United States (1929–1941) had a severe impact on the university's finances. Its annual income dropped 25 percent from $ 4.8 million in 1930–31 to $ 3.6 million in 1933–34. Investment income shrank, fewer people could pay full tuition, and annual giving from alumni and philanthropists fell from $ 870,000 in 1932 to

7220-592: The part-time MBA program, and the School of Professional Studies. Medill's one-year graduate program rents a floor on Wacker Drive, across the river from Streeterville and separate from the rest of the campus. Northwestern's professional schools and a number of its affiliated hospitals are located approximately four blocks east of the Chicago station on the CTA Red Line . The Chicago campus is also served by CTA bus routes. Founded or affiliated at varying points in

7315-619: The plan was strong. In addition to possible adverse impacts on the natural environment, there were concerns about the traffic infrastructure along the lake, the effect on the Hyde Park neighborhood along the shore, and the risk of dike failure. Mayor Daley publicly abandoned the plan in May, 1972. Four months after the election of Mayor Richard M. Daley in August 1989, the Lake Calumet site

7410-436: The planning, design, and construction of road and bridge improvements, maintenance of roads and bridges, and administrative oversight in the Central Administrative Office and District Six. In the spring of 2014, it was reported that IDOT had engaged in patronage hiring of numerous staff assistants – Ann Schneider resigning following this scandal. Schneider claimed that the improper hires were "recommended to me or my staff by

7505-433: The post-war era because of episodes of disruptive student activism, disputes over municipal zoning, building codes, and law enforcement, as well as restrictions on the sale of alcohol near campus until 1972. Northwestern's exemption from state and municipal property-tax obligations under its original charter has historically been a source of town-and-gown tension. Although government support for universities declined in

7600-495: The proposed Peotone airport. However, plans for the south suburban airport were still in progress. The proposed airport is within the airspace of an existing airport, Bult Field (C56), a once-privately-owned airport with a 5,000-foot runway. On July 1, 2014, IDOT purchased Bult Field and some surrounding land for $ 34 million for the new Chicago-area airport. The proposed third airport was included in REBUILD Illinois,

7695-546: The proposed airport in Peotone. The airport is also expected to serve travelers from all over the Midwest. In June 2008, the Gary-Chicago International Airport , in Gary, Indiana , announced an agreement with three local railroads ( Norfolk Southern , EJ&E , and CSX ) that will allow the relocation of railroad tracks so that the airport's runways may be expanded. The longer runways will allow

7790-657: The role of provost for the university on September 1, 2020. Students are formally involved in the university's administration through the Associated Student Government , elected representatives of the undergraduate students, and the Graduate Student Association, which represents the university's graduate students. The admission requirements, degree requirements, courses of study, and disciplinary and degree recommendations for each of Northwestern's 12 schools are determined by

7885-543: The shores of Lake Michigan in the Chicago metropolitan area . Chartered by the Illinois General Assembly in 1851, Northwestern was initially affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal Church but later became non-sectarian . By 1900, the university was the third-largest university in the United States . Northwestern became a founding member of the Big Ten Conference in 1896 and joined the Association of American Universities in 1917. Northwestern

7980-470: The south suburban airport and those opposing expansion of O'Hare believe a south suburban airport would alleviate the heavy and still growing air traffic, while not necessitating the expansion of the already extremely large and busy O'Hare. It would also provide additional economic opportunities to the south suburbs. There had been discussions on expanding the airports in either Rockford, Illinois or Milwaukee, Wisconsin and utilizing one of those airports as

8075-527: The south suburban airport, and two separate plans exist. The FAA refers to both proposals as South Suburban Airport. The airport would serve as an additional airport in the Chicago metropolitan area . Critics believe the airport is unnecessary and may be a failure like MidAmerica St. Louis Airport . These critic groups believe that expanding O'Hare or other existing airports in Rockford, IL; Milwaukee, WI; or Gary, IN are thought to be viable alternatives. In 2014

8170-545: The state capital, Springfield . In addition, the IDOT Division of Highways has offices in nine locations throughout the state. The mission of IDOT is to provide safe, cost-effective transportation for Illinois in ways that enhance quality of life, promote economic prosperity and demonstrate respect for the environment. As of February 2009, the Illinois Department of Transportation was divided into

8265-567: The undergraduate college in Evanston; the result was a modern research university combining professional, graduate, and undergraduate programs, which gave equal weight to teaching and research. By the turn of the century, Northwestern had grown in stature to become the third-largest university in the United States after Harvard University and the University of Michigan . Under Walter Dill Scott 's presidency from 1920 to 1939, Northwestern began construction of an integrated campus in Chicago designed by James Gamble Rogers , noted for his design of

8360-618: The university created an additional 84 acres (34 ha) for the campus by filling in a portion of Lake Michigan . Buildings located on the resulting Lakefill include University Library, the Patrick G. and Shirley W. Ryan Center for the Musical Arts, the Regenstein Hall of Music , Norris University Center (the student union), the Kellogg School of Management Global Hub, and various athletics facilities. The Chicago Transit Authority 's elevated train running through Evanston

8455-479: The university with the Methodist Episcopal Church, they favored a non-sectarian admissions policy, believing that Northwestern should serve all people in the newly developing territory by bettering the economy in Evanston . John Evans , for whom Evanston is named, bought 379 acres (153 ha) of land along Lake Michigan in 1853, and Philo Judson developed plans for what would become

8550-410: The university's history, the professional schools originally were scattered throughout Chicago. In connection with a 1917 master plan for a central Chicago campus and President Walter Dill Scott 's capital campaign, 8.5 acres (3.44 ha) of land were purchased at the corner of Chicago Avenue and Lake Shore Drive for $ 1.5 million in 1920. Architect James Gamble Rogers was commissioned to create

8645-509: The voting members of that school's faculty ( assistant professor and above). Northwestern maintains an endowment of $ 16.1 billion, the eighth-largest university endowment among private universities in the United States . The endowment is sustained through donations and is maintained by investment advisers at the university's Investment Office. Chicago Campus Northwestern University's admissions are characterized as "most selective" by U.S. News & World Report . Northwestern received

8740-612: Was environmentally compatible with the surrounding area. Berge envisioned a high-speed train service to downtown Chicago . The Peotone site was an alternative location to a proposed lake site announced during Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley 's 1967 inaugural speech. The Chicago Public Works and Aviation Department worked cohesively with the Federal Aviation Administration during the Johnson and Nixon administrations from January 1967 to January 1970 to develop

8835-972: Was named). It was ultimately marketed as Lyrica , a drug sold by Pfizer , to combat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia. Northwestern has an extensive history of producing prominent businessmen and entrepreneurs. Companies founded by Northwestern alumni include Groupon , The Blackstone Group , Booz Allen Hamilton , U.S. Steel , Kirkland & Ellis , Guggenheim Partners , Accenture , Aon Corporation , and AQR Capital . The university also runs The Garage, and interdisciplinary innovation and entrepreneurship space and community for student-run startups . The Garage provides students with resources and programming related to entrepreneurship and mentorship. The Garage houses approximately 90 student-founded startups per academic quarter. Its programs and resources are available to all Northwestern students. Northwestern enrolls more than 8000 undergraduate students and more than 8000 graduate students each year, as mentioned on

8930-476: Was submitted by Daley as an alternative site to the IASPPC. By February 5, 1990, Daley released a feasibility study for the Lake Calumet site which indicated that the $ 5 billion cost to construct the airport would be partially funded by a passenger facility charge which would generate $ 1.8 billion. Federal legislation sealed the passenger facility charges on August 2, 1990, in the 101st Congress's 2nd session through H.R. 5170. The proposed airport would have resulted in

9025-427: Was the busiest airport in the world at that time and an economic boon for Chicago metropolitan area . Leaders from suburban DuPage County and suburban northwest Cook County attempted to apply political pressure to control the expansion and enhancements of O'Hare, but the airport, however, received numerous expansions and upgrades over the next three decades. State House and Senate legislators tried three times to pass

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