93-483: Southall (until 1936 Southall Norwood ) was a local government district in the county of Middlesex , United Kingdom from 1891 to 1965. It consisted of the civil parish of Norwood . Southall Norwood Local Government District was created on 16 January 1891, with a local board of health , when the parish of Norwood adopted the Local Government Act 1858 . The Local Government Act 1894 reconstituted
186-457: A heterogeneous group and were subdivided into a number of clans called biradari (literally meaning "brotherhood") or tribes , with each person bound to a clan. With the passage of time, tribal structures became replaced with a more cohesive and holistic society, as community building and group cohesiveness form the new pillars of Punjabi society. Traditionally, the Punjabi identity
279-522: A locomotive works at the Southall Depot for nearly 150 years. Originally a Great Western Railway shed, it was possibly the last London steam depot, outlasting Old Oak Common and Stewarts Lane depots. The shed was accessible from the footbridge, spanning the whole set of lines, situated just off the Eastern end of the platforms. The depot was later used for DMU maintenance and as a base for
372-478: A cast-iron trough and a new cast-iron road-bridge going over both. Brunel died shortly after its completion. Sections of his bell-section rail can still be seen on the southern side being used as both fencing posts and a rope rail directly under the road bridge itself. It is listed as a Scheduled Ancient Monument . The other notable local construction by Brunel is the Wharncliffe Viaduct which carries
465-416: A common territory, ethnicity and language, they are likely to be followers of one of several religions, most often Islam , Sikhism , Hinduism or Christianity . The term "Punjab" came into currency during the reign of Akbar in the late sixteenth century. Though the name Punjab is of Persian origin, its two parts ( پنج , panj , 'five' and آب , āb , 'water') are cognates of
558-459: A descendant of Prakrit. Punjabi emerged as an Apabhraṃśa , a degenerated form of Prakrit, in the 7th century CE and became stable by the 10th century. The earliest writings in Punjabi belong to Nath Yogi era from 9th to 14th century CE. The language of these compositions is morphologically closer to Shauraseni Apbhramsa , though vocabulary and rhythm is surcharged with extreme colloquialism and folklore. The Arabic and modern Persian influence in
651-620: A large facility on part of the site under the West London Mental Health (NHS) Trust . During World War II Southall was the target of enemy bombing on a number of occasions. A German V-1 flying bomb destroyed a number of houses in Regina Road, killing the occupants. Bomb shelters and bunkers were built during the war, close to or under most schools and public buildings, and in gardens of numerous private homes. The bunkers at Hamborough Primary School were expanded during
744-582: A long history, having been formed in 1871 and nurtured past players such as Les Ferdinand , who went on to play for the national team . and as of 2018–19, they currently play in the Premier Division of the Combined Counties Football League .The local [cricket] club is London Tigers CC, who play at Spikes Bridge Park. Southall Park is home to a free weekly park run 5k event, which starts at 9am every Saturday. Southall
837-506: A much shorter runway and is not suitable for very large aircraft although one Boeing 707 did land at Northolt by mistake and a number of other aircraft had to be warned off by air traffic control at the last minute. Since town gas production ceased in the 1970s with the arrival of natural gas piped from the North Sea , much of the 36 ha (89 acres) site has been vacant, due to limited road access and remaining gas infrastructure. Since
930-602: A new building in Church Avenue, which was completed in 1910. The original church building, in Western Road, is now a youth centre. In the 1920s and 1930s Southall was the destination of many Welsh people escaping from the harsh economic conditions in that part of the country. For many years, Welsh accents were very commonplace in the area. On the eastern boundary of Southall was the Hanwell Asylum, which
1023-750: A population of more than 80 million, they are the largest ethnic group in Pakistan and the world's third-largest Islam-adhering ethnicity after Arabs and Bengalis . The majority of Punjabi Muslims are adherents of Sunni Islam , while a minority adhere to Shia Islam and other sects , including the Ahmadiyya community which originated in Punjab during the British Raj . In the Indian state of Punjab , Punjabi Hindus make up approximately 38.5% of
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#17327725045081116-408: A result of the population exchanges during partition, both parts of Punjab are now relatively homogeneous, as far as religion is concerned. Today the majority of Pakistani Punjabis follow Islam with a small Christian minority, and less Sikh and Hindu populations, while the majority of Indian Punjabis are either Sikhs or Hindus with a Muslim minority. Punjab is also the birthplace of Sikhism and
1209-488: Is the fifth- largest religion in the world . The Sikhs form a majority of close to 58% in the modern day Punjab, India . Gurmukhi is the writing script used by Sikhs and for scriptures of Sikhism . It is used in official documents in parts of India and elsewhere. The tenth Guru of Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh (1666 – 1708) established the Khalsa Brotherhood, and set for them a code of conduct. Most of
1302-585: Is 110 million as noted in the 2017 Pakistan census, ethnic Punjabis comprise approximately 44.7% of the national population. With an estimated national population of 252 million in 2024, ethnic Punjabis thus number approximately 112.8 million in Pakistan; this makes Punjabis the largest ethnic group in Pakistan by population. Religious homogeneity remains elusive as a predominant Sunni population with Shia , Ahmadiyya and Christian minorities. The Punjabi-speaking people make up 2.74% of India's population as of 2011. The total number of Indian Punjabis
1395-592: Is inside, the London Borough of Hounslow . The main east west road through the town is Uxbridge Road ( A4020 ), though the name changes in the main shopping area to The Broadway and for an even shorter section to High Street . Uxbridge Road was part of the main London to Oxford stagecoach route for many years and remained the main route to Oxford until the building of the Western Avenue highway to
1488-575: Is part of the parliamentary constituency of Ealing Southall , represented since 2024 by Labour Member of Parliament Deirdre Costigan . Southall consists of six electoral wards for local council elections: Dormers Wells, Lady Margaret, Norwood Green , Southall Broadway, Southall West and Southall Green, which all elect councillors to Ealing Council . Southall is in the London Assembly constituency of Ealing and Hillingdon which has been represented by assembly member Bassam Mahfouz of
1581-533: Is primarily linguistic, geographical and cultural. Its identity is independent of historical origin or religion and refers to those who reside in the Punjab region or associate with its population and those who consider the Punjabi language their mother tongue. Integration and assimilation are important parts of Punjabi culture, since Punjabi identity is not based solely on tribal connections. While Punjabis share
1674-452: Is situated 10.7 mi (17.2 km) west of Charing Cross and had a population of 69,857 as of 2011. It is generally divided in three parts: the mostly residential area around Lady Margaret Road ( Dormers Wells ); the main commercial centre at High Street and Southall Broadway (part of the greater Uxbridge Road ); and Old Southall/Southall Green to the south consisting of Southall railway station , industries and Norwood Green bounded by
1767-1114: Is spoken among a significant overseas diaspora , particularly in Canada , the United States, and the United Kingdom . In Pakistan, Punjabi is written using the Shahmukhi alphabet , based on the Perso-Arabic script ; in India, it is written using the Gurmukhi alphabet , based on the Indic scripts . Punjabi is unusual among the Indo-Aryan languages and the broader Indo-European language family in its usage of lexical tone . Punjabi developed from Prakrit languages and later Apabhraṃśa ( Sanskrit : अपभ्रंश , 'deviated' or 'non-grammatical speech') From 600 BCE, Sanskrit
1860-468: Is unknown due to the fact that ethnicity is not recorded in the Census of India . Sikhs are largely concentrated in the modern-day state of Punjab forming 57.7% of the population with Hindus forming 38.5%. Ethnic Punjabis are believed to account for at least 40% of Delhi's total population and are predominantly Hindi -speaking Punjabi Hindus . The Indian censuses record the native languages, but not
1953-668: The Brentford Dock on the Thames was also built by Isambard Kingdom Brunel in 1856. It features one of his (impressive for the period) engineering works, the Three Bridges (although it is still often referred to on maps by the original canal crossing name of Windmill Bridge). where Windmill Lane, the railway and the Grand Union Canal all intersect – the canal being carried over the railway line cutting below in
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#17327725045082046-599: The British Raj . The vast majority were converted from the Hindu Chura communities of Punjab, and to a lesser extent Mazhabi Sikhs ; under the influence of enthusiastic army officers and Christian missionaries. Large numbers of Mazhabi Sikhs were also converted in the Moradabad district and the Bijnor district of Uttar Pradesh . Rohilkhand saw a mass conversion of its entire population of 4500 Mazhabi Sikhs into
2139-586: The Cold War , to become the North West Group War HQ for the London area Civil Defence organisation and the London Borough of Ealing Emergency Control Centre. This facility is now disused. In 1950, the first group of South Asians arrived in Southall, reputedly recruited to work in a local factory owned by a former British Indian Army officer . This South Asian population grew, due to
2232-562: The Indian subcontinent , comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India . The boundaries of the region are ill-defined and focus on historical accounts. The geographical definition of the term "Punjab" has changed over time. In the 16th century Mughal Empire it referred to a relatively smaller area between the Indus and the Sutlej rivers. While the total population of Punjab
2325-468: The London Borough of Ealing in Greater London. The southern part of Southall (roughly south of the railway) used to be known as either Old Southall or Southall Green (and a section of the main north–south road in the area is still called The Green) and was centered on the historic Grade II*listed Tudor -styled Manor House which dates back to at least 1587. A building survey has shown much of
2418-580: The M4 . It was historically a municipal borough of Middlesex administered from Southall Town Hall until 1965. Southall is located on the Grand Union Canal (formerly the Grand Junction Canal ) which first linked London with the rest of the growing canal system. It was one of the last canals to carry significant commercial traffic (through the 1950s) and is still open to traffic and is used by pleasure craft. The canal separates it from Hayes on
2511-573: The Methodist Church . Sikh organisations became alarmed at the rate of conversions among high caste Sikh families, and as a result, they responded by immediately dispatching Sikh missionaries to counteract the conversions. Punjabi culture grew out of the settlements along the five rivers, which served as an important route to the Near East as early as the ancient Indus Valley civilisation , dating back to 3000 BCE. Agriculture has been
2604-493: The Phulkari . The phulkari is folk embroidery that was typically inclusive of work in floral patterns but has taken on a larger aspect of including geometrical shapes, symbols and motifs relevant to the culture. This pattern has been worn by women for hundreds of years in very vibrant colours. The pattern is typically stitched with woven silk and colourful thread. The phulkari pattern is adorned onto dupattas/chunis, better known as
2697-488: The Punjab region , comprising areas of northwestern India and eastern Pakistan . They generally speak Standard Punjabi or various Punjabi dialects on both sides. Majority of the overall Punjabi population adheres to Islam with significant minorities practicing Sikhism and Hinduism and smaller minorities practicing Christianity . However, the religious demographics significantly vary when viewed from Pakistani and Indian sides, respectively, with over 95 percent of
2790-641: The Sanskrit words, पञ्च , pañca , 'five' and अप् , áp , 'water', of the same meaning. The word pañjāb thus means 'The Land of Five Waters', referring to the rivers Jhelum , Chenab , Ravi , Sutlej , and Beas . All are tributaries of the Indus River , the Sutlej being the largest. References to a land of five rivers may be found in the Mahabharata , which calls one of
2883-603: The Yamuna and Ganges rivers. An ancient Indian law book called the Manusmriti , developed by Brahmin Hindu priests, shaped Punjabi religious life from 200 BC onward. Later, the spread of Buddhisim and Jainism in the Indian subcontinent saw the growth of Buddhism and Jainism in the Punjab. Islam was introduced via southern Punjab in the 8th century, becoming the majority by the 16th century, via local conversion. There
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2976-476: The colonial period of India became Christians, with all of these religions characterising the religious diversity now found in the Punjab region. Due to religious tensions, emigration between Punjabi people started far before the partition and dependable records. Shortly prior to the Partition of India , Punjab Province (British India) had a slight majority Muslim population at about 53.2% in 1941, which
3069-689: The electrification programme . Currently the site, now referred to as the Southall Railway Centre , is used by two independent groups; Locomotive Services Limited and West Coast Railways . Bus and commercial vehicle manufacturer Associated Equipment Company (AEC) was based in Southall, on a 25 ha (62 acres) triangular site between Windmill Lane, the Great Western Main Line and the branch to Brentford Dock . The company moved there from Walthamstow in 1926 and closed in 1979 after losing market share whilst part of
3162-486: The 1947 partition, millions of Punjabi Hindus (including Hindkowan Hindus and Saraiki Hindus ) migrated from West Punjab and North-West Frontier Province , of which many ultimately settled in Delhi. Determined from 1991 and 2015 estimates, Punjabi Hindus form approximately 24 to 35 per cent of Delhi's population; based on 2011 official census counts, this amounts to between 4,029,106 and 5,875,779 people. Following
3255-659: The Chamar and are traditionally linked to leather-related occupations. Proto- Hinduism is the oldest of the religions practised by the Punjabi people. The historical Vedic religion constituted the religious ideas and practices in the Punjab during the Vedic period (1500–500 BCE), centered primarily in the worship of Indra . The bulk of the Rigveda was composed in the Punjab region between circa 1500 and 1200 BC, while later Vedic scriptures were composed more eastwards, between
3348-692: The Great Western Railway across the River Brent towards London and which was Brunel's first major structural design. Otto Monsted , a Danish margarine manufacturer, built a large factory at Southall in 1894. The factory was called the Maypole Dairy, and eventually grew to become one of the largest margarine manufacturing plants in the world, occupying a 28 ha (69 acres) site at its peak. The factory also had its own railway sidings and branch canal. The Maypole Dairy Company site
3441-763: The Jamia Masjid Islamic Centre, the Red Sea Mosque on the Green, and Dar al Salam on Norwood Road and also the Baithul Mukaram mosque near Lidl . The Tudor Rose, Southall is a nightclub and venue that caters for the local British African-Caribbean community . It opened as a cinema in 1910 and was converted to its current premises in 1983. Other notable local pubs include The Three Horseshoes in Southall Broadway, by
3534-558: The Labour Party since 2024. Nearby places include Hayes , Hanwell , Hounslow , Greenford , Northolt and Ealing The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Southall is served by Southall railway station on the Great Western Main Line , providing links to and from Heathrow Airport , Reading and Oxford as well as London Paddington . The nearest London Underground to
3627-749: The New York and New Jersey region). In the 1970s, a large wave of emigration of Punjabis (predominately from Pakistan) began to the Middle East, in places such as the UAE , Saudi Arabia and Kuwait . There are also large communities in East Africa including the countries of Kenya , Uganda and Tanzania . Punjabis have also emigrated to Australia, New Zealand and Southeast Asia including Malaysia , Philippines , Thailand , Singapore and Hong Kong. Of recent times many Punjabis have also moved to Italy. Among
3720-761: The Oxfordshire Sheldon tapestry from the late 1580s. Southall formed part of the chapelry of Norwood in the ancient parish of Hayes , in the Elthorne hundred of the historic county of Middlesex . For Poor Law it was grouped into the Uxbridge Union and was within Uxbridge Rural Sanitary District from 1875. The chapelry of Norwood had functioned as a separate parish since the Middle Ages. On 16 January 1891
3813-411: The Punjab is also a region that over the centuries has experienced many foreign invasions and consequently has a long-standing history of warfare, as the Punjab is situated on the principal route of invasions through the northwestern frontier of the Indian subcontinent, which promoted to adopt a lifestyle that entailed engaging in warfare to protect the land. Warrior culture typically elevates the value of
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3906-463: The Punjabi population from Pakistan being Muslim , with a small minority of Christians and Hindus and an even smaller minority of Sikhs . Over 57 percent of the population of the Indian state of Punjab is Sikh and over 38 percent Hindu with a small minority of Muslims and Christians. The ethnonym is derived from the term Punjab (Five rivers) in Persian to describe the geographic region of
3999-925: The SCs nationally, official data show. Of more than 35 designated Scheduled Castes in the state, the Mazhabis, the Ravidasias/Ramdasias, the Ad Dharmis, the Valmikis, and the Bazigars together make up around 87 per cent of East Punjab's total Scheduled Caste population. The Ravidasia Hindus/Ad-Dharmi and the Ramdasia Sikhs together constitute 34.93 per cent of East Punjab's total Scheduled Caste population and 11.15 per cent of Punjab Population. Ramdasia , Ad-Dharmi and Ravidassias are subgroups of
4092-735: The Vishnu Hindu Mandir on Lady Margaret Road and the Ram Mandir in Old Southall. There are more than ten Christian churches including 5 Anglican, one Roman Catholic ( St Anselm's Church ), Baptist, Methodist and several Pentecostal or Independent. There are six Mosques ' Masjids ' in Southall, the Abubakr Mosque situated on Southall broadway, the Central Jamia Masjid Mosque, which is the oldest,
4185-477: The architect Nowell Parr which closed in 2017. There are two local community radio stations servicing Southall; Westside 89.6 FM , licensed by Ofcom as part of their drive towards community-based radio services, broadcasts urban music and was formerly based in Southall (now in Hanwell), and Desi Radio which predominantly broadcasts in Punjabi and is available throughout West London on 1602 AM and on DAB across Greater London. Sunrise Radio , broadcasting for
4278-473: The building is original, dating back to the days when Southall Green was becoming a quiet rural village. Minor 19th and 20th-century additions exist in some areas. It is currently used as serviced offices. The extreme southernmost part of Southall is known as Norwood Green . It has few industries and is mainly a residential area, having remained for many years mainly agricultural whilst the rest of Southall developed industrially. Norwood Green borders, and part
4371-412: The closeness of expanding employment opportunities such as Heathrow Airport. The most significant cultural group to settle in Southall are Asians. According to the Commission for Racial Equality , over 55% of Southall's population of 70,000 is Indian. By 1976 two-thirds of children in Southall were non-white, and in 1982 it was reported 65% of Southall's 83,000 residents were of Asian origin. Southall
4464-408: The community's honour ( izzat ), which is highly esteemed by Punjabis. Punjabi, sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan language natively spoken by the Punjabi people. Punjabi is the most popular first language in Pakistan, with 80.5 million native speakers as per the 2017 census , and the 11th most popular in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, as per the 2011 census . The language
4557-403: The company, Independent Air Travel, to fail in October 1959. The 1970s saw racial tensions in the area; in 1976 Sikh teenager Gurdip Singh Chaggar was killed in a racist attack. On 23 April 1979, Blair Peach , a teacher and anti-racist activist, was killed after being knocked unconscious during a protest against the National Front (NF). Another demonstrator, Clarence Baker – a singer of
4650-417: The crest above the shield: wheat-ears for food processing and flaming torches for gas and electricity production. 51°30′41″N 0°22′31″W / 51.5113°N 0.3753°W / 51.5113; -0.3753 Southall Southall ( / ˈ s aʊ θ ɔː l / ) is a large suburban town in West London , England, part of the London Borough of Ealing and is one of its seven major towns. It
4743-423: The descent of the citizens. Thus, there is no concrete official data on the ethnic makeup of Delhi and other Indian states. Indian Punjab is also home to small groups of Muslims and Christians. Most of the East Punjab 's Muslims left for West Punjab in 1947. However, a small community still exists today, mainly in Qadian , and Malerkotla . The Punjabi people have emigrated in large numbers to many parts of
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#17327725045084836-426: The end of World War II, Southall has become largely a South Asian residential district, sometimes known as " Little India ". In addition, the signs on the main railway station are bilingual in English and Gurmukhi , which is one of the written scripts of Punjabi . The main street in Southall is called The Broadway, while a smaller commercial area exists in Old Southall on King Street. Southall contains one of
4929-410: The giant but inefficient British Leyland group. The site was noticeable to railway passengers and to motorists on Uxbridge Road due to large signs proclaiming "AEC – Builders of London's Buses for 50 years". A major gas works manufacturing town gas was located between the railway and the canal. In 1932 a large gasholder was built, becoming a local landmark until its demolition in 2019. Painted on
5022-451: The gig. This was one of several high-profile riots in Britain that year. Although some of the skinheads were NF or British Movement supporters, among the 500 or so concert-goers were also left-wing skinheads, black skinheads, punk rockers , rockabillies and non-affiliated youths. Some of the approximately 400 Asians threw petrol bombs and other objects, and five hours of rioting left 120 people injured – including 60 police officers – and
5115-400: The historical Punjab region began with the late first millennium Muslim conquests on the Indian subcontinent . Many Persian and Arabic words were incorporated in Punjabi. So Punjabi relies heavily on Persian and Arabic words which are used with a liberal approach to language. After the fall of the Sikh empire, Urdu was made the official language of Punjab (in Pakistani Punjab, it is still
5208-414: The large scale exodus that took place during the 1947 partition, there remains a small Punjabi Hindu community in Pakistan today. According to the 2017 Census , there are about 200,000 Hindus in Punjab province, forming approximately 0.2% of the total population. Much of the community resides in the primarily rural South Punjab districts of Rahim Yar Khan and Bahawalpur where they form 3.12% and 1.12% of
5301-453: The largest South Asian shopping areas in the region, comparable to Green Street , East London or Ealing Road, Wembley . Southall is home to London's largest Sikh community. There are ten Sikh Gurdwaras in Southall. The Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha , which opened in 2003, is one of the largest Sikh gurdwaras outside India, and it won the Ealing Civic Society Architectural Award in 2003. There are two large Hindu ' Mandir ' temples,
5394-403: The local board's area as an urban district . Southall-Norwood Urban District Council, consisting of 14 elected councillors, replaced the local board. In 1936 the urban district was granted a charter of incorporation and became a municipal borough at the same time renamed Southall . Southall Borough Council consisted of a mayor , 6 aldermen and 18 councillors. The old district name survives in
5487-426: The major castes and tribes of West Punjab (Pakistan) are the Jats , Rajputs , Arains , Gujjars and Awans . Prior to the partition in 1947 , major communities of West Punjab also included the Khatris , Aroras and Brahmins . While in East Punjab (India), Jats are almost 20 per cent of East Punjab's population. The Scheduled Castes constitute almost 32 per cent of its total population and 4.3 per cent of
5580-416: The major economic feature of the Punjab and has therefore formed the foundation of Punjabi culture, with one's social status being determined by landownership. The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural region, especially following the Green Revolution during the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, has been described as the "breadbasket of both India and Pakistan". Besides being known for agriculture and trade,
5673-547: The major freight transport route between London and Birmingham in 1796 began a commercial boom, intensified by the arrival of Brunel's Great Western Railway in 1839, leading to the establishment and growth of brick factories, flour mills and chemical plants which formed the town's commercial base. In 1877, the Martin Brothers set up a ceramics factory in an old soap works next to the canal and until 1923, produced distinctive ceramics now known and collected as Martinware. A branch railway line from Southall railway station to
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#17327725045085766-429: The modern Punjabi Christians are descended from converts during British rule; initially, conversions to Christianity came from the "upper levels of Punjab society, from the privileged and prestigious", including "high caste" Hindu families, as well as Muslim families. However, other modern Punjabi Christians have converted from the Chuhra group. The Churas were largely converted to Christianity in North India during
5859-411: The movement Ahmadiyya . Punjabi Muslims are found almost exclusively in Pakistan with 97% of Punjabis who live in Pakistan following Islam, in contrast to Punjabi Sikhs and Punjabi Hindus who predominantly live in India. Forming the majority of the Punjabi ethnicity in the greater Punjab region , Punjabi Muslims write the Punjabi language under the Perso-Arabic script known as Shahmukhi . With
5952-482: The names of institutions such as the Southall Norwood Hospital. The borough was abolished in 1965 by the London Government Act 1963 and its area now forms part of the present-day London Borough of Ealing . Southall Town Hall was built in 1897 to the designs of local architect Thomas Newall, and remained in civic use until the borough council's demise in 1965. The borough was granted a coat of arms on incorporation in 1936. The design featured thorn trees alluding to
6045-399: The north east side of the gasholder are the large letters 'LH' and an arrow to assist pilots locate Heathrow Airport 's (now closed) runway 23 when making visual approaches. The letters were painted in the mid-1960s after a number of pilots became confused between Heathrow and the nearby RAF Northolt (which has a similar, though smaller, gasholder under its approach at Harrow ). Northolt has
6138-427: The north of Southall in the first half of the 20th century. First horse drawn, then electric trams (until 1936) and, then, electric trolleybuses , gave Southall residents and workers quick and convenient transport along Uxbridge Road in the first half of the 20th century before they were replaced by standard diesel-engined buses in 1960. The opening of the Grand Junction Canal (later renamed Grand Union Canal ) as
6231-413: The northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, where five rivers Beas , Chenab , Jhelum , Ravi , and Sutlej merge into the Indus River , in addition of the now-vanished Ghaggar . The coalescence of the various tribes, castes and the inhabitants of the Punjab region into a broader common "Punjabi" identity initiated from the onset of the 18th century CE. Historically, the Punjabi people were
6324-442: The old Elthorne Hundred and the 'south holt' and the 'north wood' commemorated in the name Southall-Norwood. The dexter supporter was a red griffin , a device used by the London Passenger Transport Board . This, together with the motto For All (a translation of the Latin "omnibus") referred to the fact that the factory of AEC , manufacturer of the LPTB's buses was in the borough. Southall's other industries were illustrated in
6417-415: The operation that made pet foods was sold to Spiller's in 1994, and the remainder to Big Bear Group in 2006. The site continues to produce brands such as Honey Monster Puffs . Other engineering, paint and food processing factories prospered for many years, mostly alongside the railway and/or canal. A collection of Martinware – salt-glazed stoneware , and birds – is on display at Southall Library. Southall
6510-401: The parish adopted the Local Government Act 1858 and the Southall Norwood Local Government District was formed. In 1894 it became the Southall Norwood Urban District . In 1936 the urban district was granted a charter of incorporation and became a municipal borough , renamed Southall. In 1965, the former area of the borough was merged with that of the boroughs of Ealing and Acton to form
6603-415: The population respectively, while the rest are concentrated in urban centres such as Lahore . Punjabi Hindus in India use Nāgarī script to write the Hindi and Punjabi languages. Sikhism from Sikh , meaning a "disciple", or a "learner", is a monotheistic religion originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent during the 15th century. The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in
6696-525: The primary official language), and influenced the language as well. Punjabis also speak several languages and dialects related to Punjabi, such as the Pothwari spoken in the Pothohar region of Northern Pakistani Punjab Kaintha The Kaintha, a traditional necklace which is usually made out of gold or steel, is an integral element of Punjabi clothing. It is adorned with a pendant that stands out from
6789-632: The reggae band Misty in Roots , remained in a coma for five months. More than 40 others – including 21 police – were injured, and 300 were arrested. On 4 July 1981, a race riot was sparked at the Hambrough Tavern on the Broadway. Local Asian youths mistakenly believed that a concert featuring the Oi! bands The Business , The Last Resort and The 4-Skins was a white power event. Additionally,
6882-434: The region at the time. According to historical demographer Tim Dyson , in the eastern regions of Punjab that ultimately became Indian Punjab following independence, districts that were 66% Hindu in 1941 became 80% Hindu in 1951; those that were 20% Sikh became 50% Sikh in 1951. Conversely, in the western regions of Punjab that ultimately became Pakistani Punjab , all districts became almost exclusively Muslim by 1951. As
6975-516: The regions in ancient Bharat Panchanada ( Sanskrit : पञ्चनद , romanized : pañca-nada , lit. 'five rivers'). The ancient Greeks referred to the region as Pentapotamía ( Greek : Πενταποταμία ), which has the same meaning as the Persian word. Punjab is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia , specifically in the northern part of
7068-613: The rest of the necklace, which is accompanied by matching color schemes as well as yarn in the back to hold the piece together. It is worn with the Shalwar Kameez alongside a shawl, chunni, or vest. Men and women alike traditionally wear the Kaintha to the Mayian and Jaggo ceremonies. It is also commonly worn while performing the traditional Bhangra and Giddha dances Phulkari A traditional element of Punjabi clothing has been
7161-422: The sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib , include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator, unity and equality of all humankind, engaging in selfless service , striving for social justice for the benefit and prosperity of all , and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder's life. Being one of the youngest amongst the major world religions, with 25-28 million adherents worldwide, Sikhism
7254-450: The state's population; numbering 10.7 million and are a majority in the Doaba region. Punjabi Hindus form a majority in five districts of Punjab, namely, Pathankot , Jalandhar , Hoshiarpur , Fazilka and Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar districts. Punjabi Hindus also form around 32 percent of Indian State Haryana 's population and are very much influential in the state politics. During
7347-434: The tavern burnt down. The Southall rail crash occurred on 19 September 1997 when a First Great Western mainline high speed express train from Swansea to London Paddington ran a red signal, when the driver's attention was distracted, and it collided with a goods train just outside Southall railway station. Seven people died and 139 were injured. The Quaker Oats Company built a factory in Southall in 1936. Part of
7440-783: The town centre is Osterley station , on the Piccadilly line , which is located approximately 2 mi (3.2 km) to the south. Frequent bus services link Southall with all neighbouring suburbs and Heathrow Airport . There is an express coach service between Southall, Leicester and Birmingham which specialises in serving the many family connections in both areas' South Asian populations. Schools in Southall Punjabi people Europe North America Oceania The Punjabis ( Punjabi : پنجابی ( Shahmukhi ) ; ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ( Gurmukhi ) ; romanised as Panjābī ) are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group associated with
7533-430: The venue had recently been sued for barring non-white customers, and local youths had heard that skinheads arriving for the concert had harassed other youths and women. More than 200 skinheads had travelled by bus from East London, and a few of them smashed shop windows, wrote NF slogans around the area, and shouted neo-Nazi slogans while using bricks and clubs to attack Asian youths who had gathered in opposition to
7626-493: The west, whereas to the east the River Brent separates the town from Hanwell . From the 1950s the town's local factories and proximity to Heathrow Airport attracted large numbers of Asian immigrants; the town eventually became home to the largest Punjabi community outside the Indian subcontinent and is today a major centre of South Asian culture, having gained the nickname Little India . Southall appears as Suhaull in 1198, and Sudhale in 1204, and as Southold on
7719-442: The wider Asian community nationally, was until recently based in Southall now having moved to nearby Hounslow. Some non-English newspapers for the community in Southall are also in circulation including Des Pardes , a Punjabi-language paper. A writer of Des Pardes , Tarsem Singh Purewal was killed in Southall in 1995. Religion in Southall (2021) Southall was the main location for the film Bend It Like Beckham . Southall
7812-580: The world. In the early 20th century, many Punjabis began settling in the United States , including independence activists who formed the Ghadar Party . The United Kingdom has a significant number of Punjabis from both Pakistan and India. The most populous areas being London, Birmingham, Manchester and Glasgow. In Canada (specifically Vancouver , Toronto , and Calgary ) and the United States, (specifically California's Central Valley as well as
7905-475: Was a small Jain community left in Punjab by the 16th century, while the Buddhist community had largely disappeared by the turn of the 10th century. The region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of the Punjab region. The rise of Sikhism in the 1700s saw some Punjabis, both Hindu and Muslim, accepting the new Sikh faith. A number of Punjabis during
7998-446: Was advocated as official language and Prakrit gave birth to many regional languages in different parts of India. All these languages are called Prakrit (Sanskrit: प्राकृत , prākṛta ) collectively. Paishachi , Shauraseni and Gandhari were Prakrit languages, which were spoken in north and north-western India and Punjabi developed from one of these Prakrits. Later in northern India, these Prakrits gave rise to their own Apabhraṃśa ,
8091-493: Was also the home of the last remaining horse market in London, selling goats, pigs, harness, and horse vehicles as well working horses. The market closed in 2007 after 100 years. On 2 September 1958 at 7:10 am, a pilot of a Vickers VC.1 Viking V624 (G-AIJE), which had just taken off from Heathrow Airport, reported that he had engine trouble. Some minutes later it crashed into a row of houses in Kelvin Gardens . It
8184-468: Was also the location of a Glassy Junction public house , which was the first pub in the UK to accept Indian Rupees as payment. The Glassy Junction closed down in 2011 and has since been replaced by international South Indian restaurant chain, Saravana Bhavan . Southall has also appeared in other Bollywood films as well, including Patiala House and Goal! . The local football club Southall F.C. has
8277-413: Was an increase from the previous years. Due to the partition of 1947 , a rapid shift towards religious homogeneity occurred in all districts across the Punjab region owing to the new international border that cut through the province. This rapid demographic shift was primarily due to mass migration and population exchange but also caused by large-scale religious cleansing riots that occurred across
8370-421: Was later acquired by Lever Brothers who, as part of the multinational Unilever company, converted the site to a Wall's Sausages factory which produced sausages and other meat products through until the late 1980s. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the old parish church of Southall, St John's, which had been rebuilt in 1837–8, was found to be too small for its congregation and, as a result, emigrated to
8463-527: Was on a cargo flight carrying aero engines to Tel Aviv and carried no passengers; however, the three crew members and four people on the ground were killed. One of the surviving occupants, 14-year-old Brian Gibbons, was later awarded the George Medal for bravery for saving his nephew from the subsequent fires, as well as the Carnegie Award . The accident was due to poor maintenance, and caused
8556-475: Was once the world's largest asylum for the mentally ill. It was considered in its day to be a progressive institution with a good success rate for treatment. As attitudes to and treatment for mental illness improved, the site was renamed St. Bernard's Hospital . In the late 1970s, the site was extensively redeveloped, with most of the area now taken up by the Ealing Hospital . St. Bernard's still operates
8649-450: Was the home of Southall Studios , one of the earliest British film studios . It played a historic role in film-making from its creation in 1924 to its closure in 1959. In 1936, a fire destroyed the studio but it was rebuilt and enlarged. Numerous feature films (many featuring famous or later-to-be-famous actors) and the early TV series Colonel March of Scotland Yard were made at the studios, as were TV and cinema adverts. There has been
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