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33-528: Southern Flinders Ranges is a South Australian wine region, located east of Spencer Gulf . It is located to the east and north-east of Port Pirie . Though vines have been planted in the area since the 1890s, the Southern Flinders Ranges is a relatively new wine-growing region that began to emerged during the last 20 years of the 20th century. The term ‘Southern Flinders Ranges’ was registered as an Australian Geographical Indication under

66-567: A bull, ten bullocks, a large wagon and a dray, three horses and a Timor pony . Another livestock importer from Launceston aboard the Isabella was Henry Jones (1799-1889), son of a prosperous London oil merchant, and, like Hack, an influential colonist. Arriving at Holdfast Bay (again on the Isabella , whose captain was the future South Australian Premier John Hart ) in February 1837, his goods and livestock were unloaded, but by an oversight

99-568: A dairy farm along the Coorong , which proved uneconomical. He tried sheep-farming in partnership with G. M. Brown but footrot caused unsupportable losses and in 1863 the family returned to Adelaide. He worked as accountant for Henry Hill & Co. , then John Rounsevell , then as an independent agent. Finally he was employed as an accountant for the South Australian Railways from 1870 to 1883, when he retired, having reached

132-616: A few years later the Government purchased for conversion into a police station. He purchased 1,000 acres (400 ha) on the Little Para River for a dairy, and produced butter for sale in the city. He undertook some exploration of the country around Adelaide. On 27 November 1837, guided by his stockman Tom Davis, Hack in company with John Morphett , Samuel Stephens , Charles Stuart (South Australian Company's stock overseer), and John Wade (a "gentleman from Hobart Town"), were

165-615: A head, a herd of cows that were subsequently landed from South Africa) and, with his gardener, developing a garden in North Adelaide. In March 1837, at the beginning of the first land sales in Adelaide , Hack purchased a further sixty acres (24 hectares). In May he lost another consignment of sheep and cattle when the Isabella foundered on rocks off Cape Nelson. He built a more substantial residence in Hindley Street , which

198-498: A position was found for Watson as Chief Clerk in the Customs Department. In 1843, with little or no capital, Hack made a living with a bullock team, which he expanded in 1845 with several bullock drays carting copper ore from the new mines at Burra to Port Adelaide and living at Kapunda . He undertook several prospective diggings but found no minable copper. By 1848, he had interests in a timber business associated with

231-451: A sketch by Gawler may be viewed here . (A similar hand-tinted lithograph by J. Hitchen used by Gawler to support his strategy of attracting wealthy immigrants can be viewed here ) In 1839 he had formed the shipping agency Hack, Watson and Co. with brother-in-law Henry Watson, and spent much of his time and energy travelling between his home at Echunga and Port Adelaide. South Australia was plunged into an economic depression in 1841 when

264-629: Is bordered by the four other mainland states, ( Western Australia to the west, Queensland to the north east, New South Wales to the east, Victoria to the south east), the Northern Territory to the north, and the Great Australian Bight forms the state's southern coastline. The climate of the state varies greatly, with the more interior regions like the Riverland being intensely hot, and growing cooler closer to

297-640: Is located immediately to the east of Adelaide, north of the Fleurieu zone and south and north of the Barossa zone. The Far North zone is located north of the Clare Valley wine region . The Limestone Coast zone is located in the south-east of the state, bounded by the continental coastline to the south, the border with the neighbouring state of Victoria to the east and the Lower Murray wine zone to

330-736: Is responsible for more than half the production of all Australian wine . South Australia has a vast diversity in geography and climate which allows the state to be able to produce a range of grape varieties –from the cool climate Riesling variety in the Clare Valley wine region to the big, full bodied Shiraz wines of the Barossa Valley . Some of Australia 's best-known wines like Penfolds Grange , Jacob's Creek , Yalumba and Henschke Hill of Grace are produced there, as well as many of Australia's mass-produced box wines . As with most agriculture in Australia , irrigation

363-623: Is vital to the success of the South Australian wine industry. The earliest recorded evidence of vine planting was in 1836 by a settler named John Barton Hack in Chichester Gardens, North Adelaide . In 1838 George Stevenson planted a vineyard in Adelaide and may have been producing wine as early as 1841, while John Reynell planted a vineyard with 500 cuttings from Tasmania in 1841, and made wine in 1843. Following

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396-604: The Barossa , Fleurieu and Mount Lofty Ranges zones. The Adelaide super zone was registered as an AGI on 27 December 1996. The Barossa zone is located just outside the north-east of the Adelaide metropolitan area. The Fleurieu zone is located south of the Adelaide metropolitan area, between the mouth of the River Murray and the Gulf St Vincent and includes Kangaroo Island. The Mount Lofty Ranges zone

429-751: The Tropic of Capricorn with the eastern continental coastline. This region was registered as an AGI on 1 May 1996. John Barton Hack Hack was born in Chichester , England to Stephen Hack, a banker, and the educational writer Maria Hack (née Barton), sister of the poet Bernard Barton . He was educated at Southgate, Middlesex before going into the leather trade, building up a business in Sussex . On 9 July 1827, Hack married Bridget Watson (born 27 September 1806), daughter of William Watson of Hardshaw, Lancashire . After an illness which affected his lungs, he

462-545: The Wine Australia Corporation Act 1980 on 19 August 2003. It shares some geological features with the Clare Valley. Most of Southern Flinders vineyards are located between 40 and 500 metres (131 to 1640 feet) altitude . Despite its northerly situation, the climate of the region can be described as warm and dry, rather than hot, being assisted in its relative mildness by its elevation and

495-747: The coastal plains to the west of the Flinders Ranges and the Wild Dog Creek Land System which includes the land to the east of the Ranges. The sub zones are distinct from each other in soil type with the Baroota having alluvial deposit of sandy loam and the Wild Dog Creek section being composed of more stoney -based loam and red clay . While the Southern Flinders Ranges grows a wide range of grape varieties ,

528-499: The limestone - marl based soils of the Adelaide and Riverland areas, and the sandy , clay loam based soils of the Barossa. Since the 1960s, Australia's labeling laws have used an appellation system known as the Australian Geographical Indication (AGI or geographical indication) which distinguishes the geographic origins of the grape . Under these laws, at least 85% of the grapes must be from

561-613: The maritime influences of the Spencer Gulf to the south-west and southerly winds from Gulf St Vincent . Located along the Goyder's Line the area receives ample amount of rainfall and tends to harvest earlier than the neighbouring Clare and Barossa Valleys . Some vineyard still choose to irrigate using underground water sources. The region is often split into two sub-zones-the Baroota Land System which includes

594-497: The Murray Mouth the previous December). He squatted 400 head of cattle at Mount Barker , but was moved on in 1839. Not put off, he then bought 4,000 acres (1,600 hectares) of land at nearby Echunga Springs and made his home there. His farming venture was initially very successful and it was at this time that he planted some of the first wine-grape vines in the colony. A drawing of his farm by George French Angas , possibly from

627-538: The South Australian Company repudiated debts incurred by Governor Gawler. Hack had numerous creditors who could not pay him, debts to the bank, workers to pay and other ongoing commitments with little coming in and no support from his bank. He was forced to sell his Echunga property and whaling interests at a huge discount. His shipping company ceased trading in 1842 and its assets were taken over by their U.K. manager, Jacob Hagen. Through Hack's efforts,

660-524: The area has been very successful in recent years with its Cabernet Sauvignon , Merlot and Shiraz . The majority of the region production has been in red wine varietals . However, the first wine of Southern Flinders to make one of Australia top 100 wines list was a Riesling from the area which captured the honour in 2004. 33°01′24″S 138°18′33″E  /  33.023467°S 138.309194°E  / -33.023467; 138.309194 South Australian wine The South Australian wine industry

693-557: The building of Christ Church in North Adelaide, but the death of the contractor and the loss of his workers to the Bendigo goldfields resulted in another business failure. In 1851 he went to the Victorian goldfields , where he was modestly successful and returned to South Australia, where he was engaged as mercantile manager for the solicitor Atkinson (who he left in 1852), then with Hart and Hughes of Port Adelaide. In 1859 he purchased

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726-594: The coastal regions like Adelaide Hills . Across the region there is low annual rainfall which necessitates irrigation to counter droughts . Vines are grown at altitudes from the low valley regions of the Barossa and the Riverland up to 600 metres (1,970 ft) high in the vineyards at Pewsey Vale in the Eden Valley . The soil types are also varied, and include the terra rosa of the Coonawarra region,

759-503: The colony's future that he sold up his considerable business interests and purchased three 134-acre sections with their three accompanying town acres. In September 1836 he embarked with his wife, six children and younger brother Stephen (who was to become an explorer of some note and father of Wilton Hack ), on the Isabella , commanded by Captain Hart for the owner Griffiths of Launceston, Van Diemen's Land . A surprise last-minute addition to

792-712: The first Europeans to ascend Mount Barker . Hack also became involved in public life, sitting on the Street Naming Committee , which decided the names of streets that now run through Adelaide city centre and North Adelaide , as well as the Chamber of Commerce and several other bodies. As part of his business ventures, he was paid £800 for cutting the original channel in Port Adelaide . In 1838, he purchased Blenkinsop's whaling station at Encounter Bay (Blenkinsop had drowned with Sir John Jeffcott at

825-538: The islands located off the adjoining coastline. It is bounded by the Far North zone to its north by the Mount Lofty Ranges zone to its east. The South Eastern Australia wine region covers the area south of a line running from Ceduna in western South Australia to the junction of the borders of New South Wales , Queensland and South Australia (known as Cameron Corner ) and then to the intersection of

858-568: The north. The Lower Murray zone which is located to the east of the Adelaide superzone, is bounded by the Limestone Coast zone to the south, the Far North zone to the north and by the border with Victoria to the east. The Peninsulas zone covers the entire Yorke Peninsula , an adjoining portion of the Mid North of South Australia, the portion of Eyre Peninsula south of a line of latitude approximately in line with Crystal Brook and

891-400: The passenger list was Sir John Jeffcott , who had been appointed Chief Justice of South Australia, and was "slipping away" surreptitiously to avoid creditors. The Isabella' s first stop in Australia was Launceston, where he spent a month purchasing livestock and equipment, which were loaded on the Isabella for shipping to South Australia. His purchases included nearly 400 sheep, six cows and

924-455: The position of Controller of Railway Accounts. Hack was brought up as a Quaker , and many of the Adelaide church's first meetings were held at his home. He donated land on Pennington Terrace, North Adelaide, and contracted for erection there of the Friends’ meeting house , a prefabricated wooden building from the same H. Manning, which is still in use. One of his children, who died in infancy,

957-428: The region that is designated on the label. In the late 1990s more definitive boundaries were established that divided Australia up into Geographic Indications known as zones , regions and subregions . In South Australia, a fourth geographical indication known as a super zone is used which consists of a group of adjoining zones. As of 2014, only one 'super zone' exists: this is the Adelaide region which consists of

990-408: The sheep dispersed and were never recovered. He set up the two prefabricated two-room " Manning's Portable Cottages " he had loaded at Portsmouth; one at Glenelg and one in Adelaide, on the site of the present Railway Station. The bullock wagon was kept busy, carting goods between Holdfast Bay and Adelaide, making £15 in the first week apart from his own work. He was supplying milk (he purchased, for £27

1023-635: The spread of urban development , Hack's vines were pulled up and replanted in a new vineyard at Echunga Springs near Mount Barker . In 1843, he sent a case of wine made from the vineyard to Queen Victoria , being the first Australian wine to reach the Queen. Dr Christopher Rawson Penfold established his medical practice at "The Grange" in Magill in 1844, planting the vine cuttings from southern France that he had brought with him when emigrating to Australia. Located in south central Australia, South Australia

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1056-650: Was advised to move to a warmer climate. While in Portsmouth he met Captain Thomas Lipson , who was fitting out the Buffalo for its pioneering voyage to South Australia. This new colony captured his imagination. He read Robert Torrens 's book The Colonization of South Australia and met with Edward Gibbon Wakefield and some members of the South Australian Company and was so convinced of

1089-466: Was buried in its yard. He converted to Wesleyan Methodism in Kapunda around 1845 and later was active in church finance committees and management committee of Prince Alfred College . He was noted for his friendliness to Aboriginals and ex-convicts (notably one Jack Foley, who became a trusted employee to the extent of accompanying Stephen Hack to London in 1840), and as a temperance advocate. He

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