The following list of horse and pony breeds includes standardized breeds, some strains within breeds that are considered distinct populations, types of horses with common characteristics that are not necessarily standardized breeds but are sometimes described as such, and terms that describe groupings of several breeds with similar characteristics.
15-601: The Soviet Heavy Draft is a Russian breed of heavy draft horse . It derives from the Belgian Brabant heavy draft breed. It was developed in the former Soviet Union for agricultural draft work , and was recognized as a breed in 1952. It is one of several heavy draft breeds developed in the Soviet Union in the twentieth century, others being the Russian Heavy Draft – which derived mainly from
30-454: A breed registry . The concept is somewhat flexible in horses, as open stud books are created for recording pedigrees of horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding. Registries are considered the authority as to whether a given breed is listed as a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of " color breed ", sport horse , and gaited horse registries for horses with various phenotypes or other traits, which admit any animal fitting
45-513: A breed is described as a "pony" by the breed standard or principal breed registry, it is listed in this section, even if some individuals have horse characteristics. All other breeds are listed in the § Horse breeds section above. (Because of this designation by the preference of a given breed registry, most miniature horse breeds are listed as "horses", not ponies.) There are some registries that accept horses (and sometimes ponies and mules) of almost any breed or type for registration. Color
60-430: A given set of physical characteristics, even if there the trait is not a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, or are recording designer crossbreds . Such animals may be classified here as a breed, a crossbreed, or a "type”, depending on the stage of breed recognition. In some cultures and for some competition-sanctioning organizations,
75-428: A horse that normally matures less than about 145 cm or 14.2 hands (58 inches, 147 cm) when fully grown may be classified as a " pony ". However, unless the principal breed registry or breed standard describes the breed as a pony, it is listed in this section, even if some or all representatives are small or have some pony characteristics. Ponies are listed in the § Pony breeds section below. If
90-582: A massively-built horse with free-moving gaits . It has a straight or convex profile, and a short neck. The torso is wide and muscular, with a wide strong back and a muscular sloping croup. The abdomen is rounded. The legs are short and sturdy with solid joints and broad rounded hooves . The Soviet Heavy Draft was created for draft work in agriculture and industry. It is also used in the production of meat and milk . Mares are moderately fertile (65–75%), and foals are fast-growing, reaching 350–400 kg when weaned . The highest recorded milk yield per lactation
105-520: Is 6,320 kg . It was among the breeds used in the development of the Bulgarian Heavy Draft in the later twentieth century. List of horse breeds While there is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed", a breed is generally defined as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations. Its members may be called purebred . In most cases, bloodlines of horse breeds are recorded with
120-483: Is a recording method or means of studbook selection for certain types to allow them to be licensed for breeding. Horses of a given type may be registered as one of several different recognized breeds, or a grouping may include horses that are of no particular pedigree but meet a certain standard of appearance or use. Prior to approximately the 13th century, few pedigrees were written down, and horses were classified by physical type or use. Thus, many terms for Horses in
135-420: Is either the only criterion for registration or the primary criterion. These are called " color breeds ", because unlike "true" horse breeds, there are few other physical requirements, nor is the stud book limited in any fashion. As a general rule, the color also does not always breed on (in some cases due to genetic impossibility), and offspring without the stated color are usually not eligible for recording with
150-893: The Ardennais – and the Vladimir Heavy Draft , which was derived principally from the Clydesdale . The Russian Empire had no indigenous breeds of heavy draft horse. The origins of the Soviet Heavy Draft date to the late nineteenth century, at the Khrenovski stud farm in Voronezh Oblast . Imported Brabant draft stallions from Belgium were cross-bred with mares of various types: some were of Ardennais , Jutland , Percheron or Suffolk Punch draft type, others were riding horses . Breeding
165-480: The breed or type categories are listed here. This list does not include organizations that record horses strictly for competition purposes. A "type" of horse is not a breed but is used here to categorize groups of horses or horse breeds that are similar in appearance ( phenotype ) or use. A type usually has no breed registry , and often encompasses several breeds. However, in some nations, particularly in Europe, there
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#1732790312263180-678: The color breed registry. There are breeds that have color that usually breeds "true" as well as distinctive physical characteristics and a limited stud book. These horses are true breeds that have a preferred color, not color breeds, and include the Friesian horse , the Cleveland Bay , the Appaloosa , and the American Paint Horse . The best-known "color breed" registries that accept horses from many different breeds are for
195-414: The following colors: The distinction is hotly debated between a standardized breed, a developing breed with an open studbook , a registry of recognized crossbred horses, and a designer crossbred . For the purposes of this list, certain groups of horses that have an organization or registry that records individual animals for breeding purposes, at least in some nations, but does not clearly fall to either
210-744: Was later transferred to the Pochinki Stud Farm in Pochinki , in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast , with another center at the stud farm of Gavrilov Posad , in Ivanovo Oblast , and another in Mordovia . The breeding range covered a broad area in central-southern Russia . In 1885 there were three Brabant stallions in that area; in 1895 there were fifty-eight, by 1950 almost four hundred, and nearly nine hundred in 1945. There
225-536: Was strong demand for powerful agricultural horses, and the area of influence of the Brabant stallions spread. They were used in the creation of the Estonian and Lithuanian Heavy Draft breeds. The Soviet Heavy Draft was named and officially recognized in 1952. In 1980 the total population was about 35,000, of which almost 4,000 were pure-bred . The selective breeding that created the Soviet Heavy Draft resulted in
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