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72-688: The Social Insurance Agency computerized their records in 1979 and in 1997 the SIA attempted to integrate three different databases together. Numerous problems resulted from this and in May 2007 it was exposed by the then-opposition party, the Democratic Party of Japan that 50 million pre-1997 premium payers could not be matched to any citizen enrolled in the system. The then-ruling party, the Liberal Democratic Party , subsequently suffered

144-399: A " catch-all " party. The LDP members hold a variety of positions that could be broadly defined as being to the right of main opposition parties. Many of its ministers, including former Prime Ministers Fumio Kishida , Yoshihide Suga and Shinzo Abe , are/were affiliated with the parliamentary league of Nippon Kaigi , a far-right ultraconservative lobby group. In Japanese politics,

216-552: A clear majority in the lower house general election on 16 December 2012 after just over three years in opposition. Shinzo Abe became Prime Minister for the second time preceded by Yoshihiko Noda who was the leader of the DPJ. In July 2015, the party pushed for expanded military powers to fight in foreign conflict through Shinzo Abe and the support of Komeito . Yoshihide Suga took over from Shinzo Abe in September 2020 after

288-523: A coalition government with the New Komeito Party . Shinzo Abe succeeded then-Prime Minister Junichirō Koizumi as the president of the party on 20 September 2006 . The party suffered a major defeat in the election of 2007, however, and lost its majority in the upper house for the first time in its history. The LDP remained the largest party in both houses of the Diet , until 29 July 2007, when

360-515: A family with children (¥26,000 per child), cut in gas tax, income support for farmers , free tuition for public high schools, banning of temporary work in manufacturing, raising the minimum-wage to ¥1,000 and halting of increase in sales tax for the next four years. The DPJ's stance on nuclear power was that steady steps should be taken towards nuclear power, but not too quickly as to possibly endanger safety. The DPJ had some political factions or groups, although they were not as factionalized as

432-488: A locus for matching interest group money and votes with bureaucratic power and expertise. This arrangement resulted in corruption, but the party could claim credit for helping to create economic growth and a stable, middle-class Japan. Despite winning the 1986 general election by a landslide, by the end of 1980s, the LDP started to suffer setbacks in elections due to unpopular policies on trade liberalisation and tax, as well as

504-556: A loss in the 2007 election , which was partly attributed to the pension scandal. By January 2010, 14 million of these 50 million records had been consolidated with an existing pension number. 35°40′23″N 139°44′56″E  /  35.673°N 139.749°E  / 35.673; 139.749 This article related to government in Japan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Democratic Party of Japan The Democratic Party of Japan ( 民主党 , Minshutō )

576-584: A majority was formed by 1955. It would hold majority government until 1993. The LDP began with reforming Japan's international relations , ranging from entry into the United Nations, to establishing diplomatic ties with the Soviet Union . Its leaders in the 1950s also made the LDP the main government party, and in all the elections of the 1950s, the LDP won the majority vote, with the only other opposition coming from left-wing politics , made up of

648-464: A move largely considered in preparation for the 2003 general election held on 9 November 2003. This move immediately gave the DPJ eight more seats in the House of Councilors. In the 2003 general election , the DPJ gained a total of 178 seats. This was short of their objectives, but nevertheless a significant demonstration of the new group's strength. Following a pension scandal, Naoto Kan resigned and

720-421: A panacea either in the free market or in the welfare state . Rather, we shall build a new road of the democratic center toward a society in which self-reliant individuals can mutually coexist and the government's role is limited to building the necessary systems. Democratic Centrism pursued the following five goals. The DPJ's policy platforms included the restructuring of civil service, monthly allowance to

792-524: A scandal involving their leader Sōsuke Uno and the Recruit scandal . The party lost its majority in the House of Councillors for the first time in 34 years in the 1989 election . The LDP managed to hold on to power in 1990 Japanese general election despite some losses. In June 1993, 10 members of the party's liberal-conservative faction split to form the New Party Sakigake . The end of

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864-446: A special convention agreed for 27 March. On 4 March 2016, the DPJ and JIP asked supporters for suggestions for a name for the new party. On 14 March 2016 the name of the new party was announced as Minshintō , having been the most popular choice of possible names polled among voters. With the addition of Representatives form Vision of Reform , the DPJ and JIP merged to form the Democratic Party on 27 March 2016. The dissolution of

936-580: A three-way race . After Suga declined to run for re-election, successor Fumio Kishida led the party to a victory in the October 2021 Japanese general election after a four-way race , defying expectations. Despite support dropping in 2022 after the assassination of Shinzo Abe over connections between various party members and the Unification Church, the party had a good showing in the 2023 Japanese unified local elections , winning over half of

1008-521: A three-way race, becoming only the second LDP leader who was not simultaneously prime minister. The party's support continued to decline, with prime ministers changing rapidly, and in the 2009 House of Representatives elections the LDP lost its majority, winning only 118 seats, marking the only time they would be out of the majority other than a brief period in 1993. Since that time, numerous party members have left to join other parties or form new ones, including Your Party ( みんなの党 , Minna no Tō ) ,

1080-602: Is a major conservative and nationalist political party in Japan. Since its foundation in 1955, the LDP has been in power almost continuously—a period called the 1955 System —except between 1993 and 1994, and again from 2009 to 2012. The LDP was formed in 1955 as a merger of two conservative parties, the Liberal Party and the Japan Democratic Party , and was initially led by prime minister Ichirō Hatoyama . The LDP supported Japan's alliance with

1152-483: Is usually associated with conservatism, Japanese nationalism and being on the political right of the political spectrum . The LDP has been described as a variety of disparate ideologies such as conservative-liberal , liberal-conservative , social-conservative , ultranationalist , and ultraconservative . The party though has not espoused a well-defined, unified ideology or political philosophy , due to its long-term government, and has been described as

1224-428: The 2009 general election , the LDP was roundly defeated, winning only 118 seats—easily the worst defeat of a sitting government in modern Japanese history, and also the first real transfer of political power in the post-war era. Accepting responsibility for this severe defeat, Aso announced his resignation as LDP president on election night. Sadakazu Tanigaki was elected leader of the party on 28 September 2009 , after

1296-498: The 2017 general election , the Constitutional Democratic Party (CDP) has been its primary opponent in national politics. The LDP is often described as a big tent conservative party, including factions that range from moderate conservatism to right-wing nationalism . Although lacking a cohesive political ideology, the party's platform has historically supported increased defense spending and, since

1368-476: The August 2009 general election , at which the party swept the LDP from power in a massive landslide, winning 308 seats (out of a total of 480 seats), reducing the LDP from 300 to 119 seats – the worst defeat for a sitting government in modern Japanese history. This was in marked contrast to the closely contested 1993 general election , the only other time the LDP has lost an election. The DPJ's strong majority in

1440-511: The House of Representatives and thirty-eight members of the House of Councilors . Moreover, the party officials were elected as well at the party convention for the first time; Naoto Kan , former Health and Welfare Minister was appointed as the president of the party and Tsutomu Hata , former prime minister as secretary-general. On 24 September 2003 the party formally merged with the small, centre-right Liberal Party led by Ichirō Ozawa in

1512-539: The Liberal Party ( 自由党 , Jiyutō , 1950–1955, led by Taketora Ogata ) and the Japan Democratic Party ( 日本民主党 , Nihon Minshutō , 1954–1955, led by Ichirō Hatoyama ) , both conservative parties, as a united front against the then popular Japan Socialist Party ( 日本社会党 , Nipponshakaitō ) , now the Social Democratic Party ( 社会民主党 , Shakaiminshutō ) . The party won the following elections, and Japan's first conservative government with

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1584-495: The New Frontier Party to create a new party which retained the DPJ name. In 2003, the party was joined by the Liberal Party of Ichirō Ozawa . Following the 2009 election , the DPJ became the ruling party in the House of Representatives, defeating the long-dominant Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and gaining the largest number of seats in both the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors . The DPJ

1656-654: The Satō–Kishi–Abe family . For the majority of the 1960s, the LDP (and Japan) were led by Eisaku Satō , beginning with the hosting of the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, and ending in 1972 with Japanese neutrality in the Vietnam War and with the beginning of the Japanese asset price bubble . By the end of the 1970s, the LDP went into its decline, where even though it held the reins of government many scandals plagued

1728-590: The Sunrise Party of Japan ( たちあがれ日本 , Tachiagare Nippon ) and the New Renaissance Party ( 新党改革 , Shintō Kaikaku ) . The party had some success in the 2010 House of Councilors election , netting 13 additional seats and denying the DPJ a majority. Abe became the president again in September 2012 after a five-way race. The LDP returned to power with its ally New Komeito after winning

1800-426: The 21st century, maintaining close relations with its Indo-Pacific allies to counter the rise of China as a superpower. The party's history and internal composition has been characterized by intense factionalism among its members since its emergence in 1955. The incumbent party president is Shigeru Ishiba , since 27 September 2024. The LDP was formed in 1955 as a merger between two of Japan's political parties,

1872-778: The 2260 prefectural assembly seats being contested and six governorship positions. From 18 to 19 January 2024, following a scandal involving failure to report and misuse of ¥600 million in campaign funds by members of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan's conservative Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai and Shisuikai factions in violation of Japanese campaign finance and election law, three factions (Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai, Shisuikai, in addition to PM Kishida's Kōchikai ) all announced their intention to dissolve entirely in hopes of restoring public trust. Several LDP lawmakers were indicted, including incumbent lawmakers Yasutada Ōno and Yaichi Tanigawa , who both resigned from

1944-507: The 320 seats (a two-thirds majority) needed to override the upper chamber's veto power. Hatoyama was thus forced to form a coalition government with the Social Democratic Party and the People's New Party to ensure their support in the House of Councillors. On 2 June 2010, Hatoyama announced his resignation before a party meeting and officially resigned two days later. He cited breaking a campaign promise to close an American military base on

2016-442: The DPJ and the fact that the DPJ aligned itself with the foreign policy of the LDP. The Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) called their philosophy ' Democratic Centrism  [ ja ] ' ( 民主中道 , minshu-chūdō ) , which was determined in the first party convention on 27 April 1998. DPJ is generally classified as a centrist party, but it is also classified as a centre-left in the context of Japanese politics in contrast to

2088-571: The DPJ did not obtain a majority in the Diet. He was replaced by Seiji Maehara in September 2005. However, Maehara's term as party leader lasted barely half a year. Although he initially led the party's criticism of the Koizumi administration, particularly in regards to connections between LDP lawmakers and scandal-ridden Livedoor , the revelation that a fake email was used to try and establish this link greatly damaged his credibility. The scandal led to

2160-468: The DPJ has often been designated as a big tent party. The DPJ claimed themselves to be revolutionary in that they are against the status quo and the current governing establishment. The DPJ argued that the bureaucracy and the size of the Japanese government is too large, inefficient, and saturated with cronies and that the Japanese state is too conservative and inflexible. The DPJ wanted to "overthrow

2232-421: The DPJ is mainly attributed to the fact that the reforms that the DPJ advocated for were hard to put into place because of electoral restrictions, economic restrictions, and the fact that the reforms that would reduce the power of the bureaucracy would help deprive the DPJ of the power to implement their other reforms. Other factors that affected the dissolution of the party were the internal conflicts that paralyzed

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2304-607: The DPJ merged with the Japan Innovation Party and Vision of Reform to form the Democratic Party ( Minshintō ), which in turn merged with the Party of Hope to form the Democratic Party for the People . It is not to be confused with the now-defunct Japan Democratic Party that merged with the Liberal Party in 1955 to form the Liberal Democratic Party . It is also different from another Democratic Party , which

2376-490: The DPJ was particularly low, falling to levels unprecedented in recent Japanese history according to some measures. However, the DPJ implemented a number of progressive measures during its time in office such as the provision of free public schooling through high school, increases in child-rearing subsidies, expanded unemployment insurance coverage, extended duration of a housing allowance, and stricter regulations safeguarding part-time and temporary workers. On 27 March 2016,

2448-490: The House of Representatives assured that Hatoyama would be the next prime minister to replace Tarō Asō , leader of the LDP. Hatoyama was nominated on September 16 and formally appointed later that day by Emperor Akihito in the Tokyo Imperial Palace and formed his Cabinet . However, the DPJ did not have a majority in the House of Councillors, which was not contested at the election, and fell just short of

2520-853: The Japan Socialist Party and the Japanese Communist Party . From the 1950s to the early 1970s, the United States Central Intelligence Agency spent millions of dollars to aid the LDP against leftist parties such as the Socialists and the Communists , although this was not revealed until the mid-1990s when it was exposed by The New York Times . Details remain classified, while available documents show connections to prime ministers Nobusuke Kishi and Eisaku Satō from

2592-530: The July upper house election. Naoto Kan succeeded Hatoyama as the next President of DPJ and Prime Minister of Japan. At the July 2010 House of Councillors election , the DPJ lost ten seats and their coalition majority. Prior to the election Kan raised the issue of an increase to Japan's 5 per cent consumption tax in order to address the country's rising debt. This proposal, together with Ozawa and Hatoyama's scandals,

2664-680: The Komeito along with the international community used major pressure to have Japan switch diplomatic ties from Taiwan (Republic of China) to the People's Republic of China . In 1983, the LDP was a founding member of the International Democracy Union . The LDP managed to consistently win elections for over three decades, and the LDP's decades in power allowed it to establish a highly stable process of policy formation. This process would not have been possible if other parties had secured parliamentary majorities. LDP strength

2736-402: The LDP lost its majority in the upper house . In a party leadership election held on 23 September 2007, the LDP elected Yasuo Fukuda as its president. Fukuda defeated Tarō Asō for the post, receiving 330 votes against 197 votes for Aso. However Fukuda resigned suddenly in September 2008, and Asō became Prime Minister after winning the presidency of the LDP in a five-way election . In

2808-504: The LDP labeled as the "second" Prime Minister of the Kan cabinet. In September 2010, the government intervened to weaken the surging yen by buying U.S. dollars , a move which temporarily relieved Japan's exporters. The move proved popular with stock brokers, Japanese exporters, and the Japanese public. It was the first such move by a Japanese government since 2004. Later, in October, after

2880-476: The LDP won 49 seats and the DPJ 50, though in all seats (including those uncontested) the LDP still had a total of 114. Because of this electoral loss, former Secretary-General Shinzo Abe turned in his resignation, but Party President Koizumi merely demoted him in rank, and he was replaced by Tsutomu Takebe . On 10 November 2003, the New Conservative Party ( Hoshu Shintō ) was absorbed into

2952-560: The LDP, a move which was largely because of the New Conservative Party's poor showing in the 2003 general election. The LDP formed a coalition with the conservative Buddhist New Komeito (party founded by Soka Gakkai ) from Obuchi Second shuffle Cabinet (1999–2000). After a victory in the 2005 Japanese general election , the LDP held an absolute majority in the Japanese House of Representatives and formed

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3024-622: The LDP, which has traditionally placed high priority on intra-party factional alignment. The groups were, the most influential to the least influential: The Independent's Club was a minor political party which formed a political entity with the DPJ in both chambers of the house. The Presidents of Democratic Party of Japan ( 民主党代表 , Minshutō Daihyō ), the formal name is 民主党常任幹事会代表 ( Minshutō Jyōnin-Kanji-Kai Daihyō ) . Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) Alternative symbol The Liberal Democratic Party ( 自由民主党 , Jiyū-Minshutō ) , frequently abbreviated to LDP or Jimintō ( 自民党 ) ,

3096-537: The LDP. The DPJ aimed to create a platform broad enough to encompass the views of politicians who had roots in either the Liberal Democratic Party or Japan Socialist Party . Party leader Naoto Kan compared the DPJ to the Olive Tree alliance of former Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi , and described his view that it needed to be "the party of Thatcher and Blair ". The DPJ had both conservative and social-democratic elements. Because of this position,

3168-503: The Prime Minister preceded by Kiichi Miyazawa . However, the LDP was still far and away the largest party in the House of Representatives, with well over 200 seats; no other individual party crossed the 80-seat mark. Yohei Kono became the president of the LDP preceded by Kiichi Miyazawa , he was the first non-prime minister LDP leader as the leader of the opposition. In 1994, the Japan Socialist Party and New Party Sakigake left

3240-427: The Prime Minister's chair until 1996 when the LDP's Ryutaro Hashimoto took over. In the 1996 election , the LDP made some gains but was still 12 seats short of a majority. However, no other party could possibly form a government, and Hashimoto formed a solidly LDP minority government. Through a series of floor-crossings, the LDP regained its majority within a year. The party was practically unopposed until 1998 when

3312-517: The United States and fostered close links between Japanese business and government, playing a major role in the country's economic miracle from the 1960s to 1980s under prime ministers including Hayato Ikeda , Eisaku Satō , Kakuei Tanaka , and Yasuhiro Nakasone . Scandals and economic difficulties led to the LDP losing power between 1993 and 1994, and governing under a non-LDP prime minister from 1994 to 1996. The LDP regained stability during

3384-465: The ancient régime locked in old thinking and vested interests, solve the problems at hand, and create a new, flexible, affluent society which values people's individuality and vitality." We stand for those who have been excluded by the structure of vested interests, those who work hard and pay taxes, and for people who strive for independence despite difficult circumstances. In other words, we represent citizens , taxpayers , and consumers. We do not seek

3456-481: The balloting to some 1.5 million LDP members. The process was so costly and acrimonious, however, that it was subsequently abandoned in favor of the old " smoke-filled room " method—so-called in allusion to the notion of closed discussions held in small rooms filled with tobacco smoke . After the party president, the most important LDP officials are the Secretary-General ( kanjicho ), the chairmen of

3528-533: The case of the LDP administration under the 1955 System in Japan, their degree of economic control was stronger than that of Western conservative governments; it was also positioned closer to social democracy . Since the 1970s, the oil crisis has slowed economic growth and increased the resistance of urban citizens to policies that favor farmers. To maintain its dominant position, the LDP sought to expand party supporters by incorporating social security policies and pollution measures advocated by opposition parties. It

3600-406: The change of factions, their history can be traced back to their 1955 roots, a testament to the stability and institutionalized nature of Liberal Democratic Party factions. The party's history and internal composition have been characterized by intense factionalism ever since its emergence in 1955, with its parliamentary members currently split among six factions, each of which vies for influence in

3672-680: The convention is to classify the Liberal Democratic Party and the Japanese Communist Party as occupying the conservative and progressive ends of the ideological spectrum respectively. However, this classification has faced challenges, especially among younger generations, since the 1990s. The LDP has also been compared to the corporatist -inspired model of conservative parties, such as the Christian Democratic Union of Germany , in its relative openness towards economic interventionism , mixed market coordination and public expenditure , when compared to neoliberal orthodoxy. In

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3744-567: The island of Okinawa Prefecture as the main reason for the move. On 28 May 2010, soon after and because of increased tensions after the possible sinking of a Korean ship by North Korea , Hatoyama had made a deal with U.S. President Barack Obama to retain the base for security reasons, but the deal was unpopular in Japan. He also mentioned money scandals involving a top party leader, Ozawa, who resigned as well, in his decision to step down. Hatoyama had been pressured to leave by members of his party after doing poorly in polls in anticipation of

3816-557: The lower house for the first time since 2009 , with the LDP suffering its second-worst result in its history, securing only 191 seats. The Constitutional Democratic Party (CDP), the main opposition party led by former Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda , achieved its best result in its history, increasing its seat count from 96 to 148. This was the first general election in Japan since the 1955 election wherein no party secured at least 200 seats. 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Defunct Defunct The LDP

3888-422: The opposition Democratic Party of Japan was formed. This marked the beginning of the opposing parties' gains in momentum, especially in the 2003 and 2004 Parliamentary Elections, that would not slow for another 12 years. In the dramatically paced 2003 House of Representatives elections , the LDP won 237 seats, while the DPJ won 177 seats. In the 2004 House of Councillors elections, in the seats up for grabs,

3960-476: The party and the government. The previous Prime Minister and party president, Fumio Kishida , was the leader of the now defunct Kōchikai faction from 2012 until his resignation in 2023. Current factions in the LDP include: At the apex of the LDP's formal organization is the president ( 総裁 , sōsai ) , who can serve three three-year terms. (The presidential term was increased from two years to three years in 2002 and from two to three terms in 2017). When

4032-457: The party following their indictments. On 19 October 2024, Atsunobu Usuda, age 49, was arrested in Tokyo after attacking the Liberal Democratic Party headquarters with firebombs and crashing into the prime minister's residence, amid rising public frustration with the ruling party ahead of the 27 October 2024 election. In the 2024 Japanese general election , the governing LDP and its coalition partner Komeito lost their parliamentary majority in

4104-416: The party has a parliamentary majority, the party president is the prime minister . The choice of party president is formally that of a party convention composed of Diet members and local LDP figures, but in most cases, they merely approved the joint decision of the most powerful party leaders. To make the system more democratic, Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda introduced a "primary" system in 1978, which opened

4176-722: The party, while the opposition (now joined with the Kōmeitō (1962–1998) ) gained momentum. In 1976, in the wake of the Lockheed bribery scandals , a handful of younger LDP Diet members broke away and established their own party, the New Liberal Club (Shin Jiyu Kurabu). A decade later, however, it was reabsorbed by the LDP. By the late 1970s, the Japan Socialist Party, the Japanese Communist Party, and

4248-455: The postwar miracle economy, the Japanese asset price bubble and other reasons such as the recruit scandal led to the LDP losing its majority in 1993 Japanese general election held in July of that year. Seven opposition parties – including several formed by LDP dissidents – formed the Hosokawa government headed by Japan New Party leader and LDP dissident Morihiro Hosokawa , who became

4320-455: The premiership of Junichiro Koizumi in the 2000s before achieving its worst-ever electoral result in the 2009 election . The party regained control of the government in a landslide victory at the 2012 election under Shinzo Abe . After the 2024 and 2022 elections the LDP currently holds 191 seats in the House of Representatives and 119 seats in the House of Councillors ; the party has governed in coalition with Komeito since 1999. Since

4392-418: The rejection of his Postal privatization bills saw a major setback to the DPJ's plans of obtaining a majority in the Diet. The DPJ leadership, particularly Okada, had staked their reputation on winning the election and driving the LDP from power. When the final results were in, the DPJ had lost 62 seats, mostly to its rival the LDP. Okada resigned the party leadership, fulfilling his campaign promise to do so if

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4464-490: The resignation of Representative Hisayasu Nagata and of Maehara as party leader on 31 March. New elections for party leader were held on 7 April, in which Ichirō Ozawa was elected president. In the Upper House election 2007 , the DPJ won 60 out of 121 contested seats, with 49 seats not up for re-election. Ozawa resigned as party leader in May 2009 after a fundraising scandal and Yukio Hatoyama succeeded Ozawa before

4536-399: The ruling coalition, joining the LDP in the opposition. The remaining members of the coalition tried to stay in power as the minority Hata Cabinet under the leadership of Tsutomu Hata , but this failed when the LDP and the Socialists, bitter rivals for 40 years, formed a majority coalition. The Murayama Cabinet was dominated by the LDP, but it allowed Socialist Tomiichi Murayama to occupy

4608-439: The wider Japanese public preferred Kan to Ozawa by as much as a 4–1 ratio. In the final vote by DPJ lawmakers Kan won with 206 votes to Ozawa's 200. After the leadership challenge, Kan reshuffled his cabinet and removed many prominent members of the pro-Ozawa faction from important posts in the new cabinet. The cabinet reshuffle also resulted in the promotion of long-time Kan ally Yoshito Sengoku to Chief Cabinet Secretary, who

4680-408: The yen had offset the intervention and had reached a 15-year high, the Kan cabinet approved a stimulus package worth about 5.1 trillion yen ($ 62 billion) in order to weaken the yen and fight deflation. On 24 February 2016, the DPJ announced an agreement to merge with the smaller Japan Innovation Party (JIP) and Vision of Reform ahead of the Upper House elections in the summer, with a merger at

4752-409: Was a centrist to centre-left , liberal or social-liberal political party in Japan from 1998 to 2016. The party's origins lie in the previous Democratic Party of Japan , which was founded in September 1996 by politicians of the centre-right and centre-left with roots in the Liberal Democratic Party and Japan Socialist Party . In April 1998, the previous DPJ merged with splinters of

4824-440: Was also historically closely positioned to corporate statism . During the 2021 general election, the party released the LDP policy manifesto, titled "Create a new era together with you", which included support for policies such as: Since the genesis of the Liberal Democratic Party in 1955, history and internal composition has been characterized by intense factionalism among its members since its emergence in 1955. Despite

4896-547: Was based on an enduring, although not unchallenged, coalition of big business, small business, agriculture, professional groups, and other interests. Elite bureaucrats collaborated closely with the party and interest groups in drafting and implementing policy. In a sense, the party's success was a result not of its internal strength but of its weakness. It lacked a strong, nationwide organization or consistent ideology with which to attract voters. Its leaders were rarely decisive, charismatic, or popular. But it functioned efficiently as

4968-793: Was established in 1947 and dissolved in 1950. The Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) was formed on 27 April 1998. It was a merger of four previously independent parties that were opposed to the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)—the previous Democratic Party of Japan , the Good Governance Party (民政党, Minseitō ), the New Fraternity Party (新党友愛, Shintō-Yūai ), and the Democratic Reform Party (民主改革連合, Minshu-Kaikaku-Rengō ). The previous parties ranged in ideology from conservative to social-democratic . The new party began with ninety-three members of

5040-449: Was ousted from government by the LDP in the 2012 general election . It retained 57 seats in the lower house, and still had 88 seats in the upper house. During its time in office, the DPJ was beset by internal conflicts and struggled to implement many of its proposed policies, an outcome described by political scientists Phillip Lipscy and Ethan Scheiner as the "paradox of political change without policy change". Legislative productivity under

5112-405: Was replaced with moderate liberal Katsuya Okada . In the 2004 House of Councilors elections, the DPJ won a seat more than the ruling Liberal Democrats, but the LDP still maintained its firm majority in total votes. This was the first time since its inception that the LDP had garnered fewer votes than another party. The 2005 snap parliamentary elections called by Junichiro Koizumi in response to

5184-593: Was viewed as one of the causes for the party's poor performance in the election. The divided house meant the government required the cooperation of smaller parties including Your Party and the Communist Party to ensure the passage of legislation through the upper house. Ozawa challenged Kan's leadership of the DPJ in September 2010 . Although Ozawa initially had a slight edge among DPJ members of parliament, local rank-and-file party members and activists overwhelmingly supported Kan, and according to opinion polls

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