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13-572: This spelling replaced the earlier spelling system, the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System , which was in force from 1901. While it simplified the van Ophuijsen system somewhat (notably with the introduction of the letter u and the removal of diacritics), it retained other aspects of the old system, such as the Dutch-influenced digraphs ch , dj and tj . The Soewandi spelling was exposed to continuous criticism from

26-538: A u , but signed it as Soekarno . Republican Spelling System The Republican Spelling System (in Indonesian : ejaan republik , when written in the current spelling system, or edjaan Republik , when written in this spelling system) or Soewandi Spelling (in Indonesian: ejaan Suwandi , when written in the current spelling system, or edjaan Suwandi , when written in this spelling system)

39-527: A second book, Maleische Spraakkunst , in 1910. The latter was translated by T.W. Kamil into Tata Bahasa Melayu in 1983 and became the primary guide for the spelling and usage of the Malay language in Indonesia. The Van Ophuijsen system was modelled extensively on Dutch orthography , ostensibly to make pronunciation of Malay and Indonesian words more easily understandable to Dutch colonial authorities. Thus,

52-738: The Van Ophuijsen system led to the development of a partially revised orthography called the Republican Spelling System in 1947, and eventually to the adoption of the Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System in 1972. Van Ophuijsen spellings continue to be frequently used in Indonesian names like Soerjadjaja ( Suryajaya , also written in a mixed spelling as Soeryadjaya ). Since spelling of Indonesian names are fluid, usage can also be inconsistent: for example, Sukarno wrote his own name with

65-416: The literate community in the early fifties. The 'literate community' is not to be taken in its widest sense; those who engaged themselves in this question were particularly teachers, not unexpectedly. These shortcomings were of two kinds: partly the lack of consistent norms, particularly in the spelling of foreign and semi-naturalized words, and partly the lack of distinction between certain phonemes, which made

78-487: The orthography, was a Dutch linguist. He was a former inspector in a school at Bukittinggi , West Sumatra in the 1890s, before he became a professor of the Malay language at Leiden University in the Netherlands. Together with two native assistants, Engku Nawawi and Mohammed Taib Sultan Ibrahim, he published the new orthography on Kitab Logat Malajoe: Woordenlijst voor Spelling der Maleische Taal in 1901, and published

91-617: The system used the Dutch variant of the Latin script , reflecting contemporaneous Dutch phonology . Some noticeable characteristics of this spelling system were: While the Van Ophuijsen system greatly aided Dutch speakers in pronouncing the Indonesian language, its complete reliance on Dutch orthography, which is rich in digraphs and trigraphs, often resulted in unwieldy spellings of Indonesian words. For example: The perceived shortcomings of

104-586: The teaching of a correct pronunciation more difficult than it needed to be. The Republican Spelling System was in force from 1947 until 1972, when it was replaced by the Enhanced Spelling System ( Ejaan yang Disempurnakan , EYD ) when Mashuri Saleh became Minister of Education and Culture. On 23 May 1972, Mashuri legalized the usage of the EYD, replacing the Republican system. This event

117-401: The teaching of a correct pronunciation more difficult than it needed to be. The Republican Spelling System was in force from 1947 until 1972, when it was replaced by the Enhanced Spelling System ( Ejaan yang Disempurnakan , EYD ) when Mashuri Saleh became Minister of Education and Culture. On 23 May 1972, Mashuri legalized the usage of the EYD, replacing the Republican system. This event

130-457: Was exposed to continuous criticism from the literate community in the early fifties. The 'literate community' is not to be taken in its widest sense; those who engaged themselves in this question were particularly teachers, not unexpectedly. These shortcomings were of two kinds: partly the lack of consistent norms, particularly in the spelling of foreign and semi-naturalized words, and partly the lack of distinction between certain phonemes, which made

143-491: Was marked by changing the road sign at the front of his office from Djl Tjilatjap to Jl. Cilacap (Cilacap street). The differences between the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System and this system are: This article related to the Latin script is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about Malayic languages is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Van Ophuijsen Spelling System The Van Ophuijsen Spelling System

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156-800: Was the Romanized standard orthography for the Indonesian language from 1901 to 1947. Before the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was in force, the Malay language (and consequently Indonesian) in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia ) did not have a standardized spelling, or was written in the Jawi script . In 1947, the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was replaced by the Republican Spelling System . Prof. Charles Adriaan van Ophuijsen  [ nl ; id ] , who devised

169-456: Was the orthography used for Indonesian from 17 March 1947 until 1972. This spelling replaced the earlier spelling system, the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System , which was in force from 1901. While it simplified the van Ophuijsen system somewhat (notably with the introduction of the letter u and the removal of diacritics), it retained other aspects of the old system, such as the Dutch-influenced digraphs ch , dj and tj . The Soewandi spelling

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