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63-517: Sokoto State ( Hausa : Jihar Sokoto ; Fula : 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤧𞤮𞥅𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮𞥅 , Leydi Sokoto ) is one of the 36 states of Nigeria , located in the extreme northwest of the country. Bounded by Republic of the Niger to the north and west for 363 km (226 miles), and the states of Zamfara to the east, and Kebbi to the south and west, partly across the Ka River . Its capital and largest city

126-579: A Shia minority ; violence between the two groups is uncommon. Over 80% of people living in the state practice agriculture. Hausa and Fulfulde are dominant. The Kainji language Ut-Ma'in is also spoken in Kebbe LGA and the Kainji language Kamuku is also spoken in Sokoto LGA. Minorities speak other languages such as Zarma and Tuareg . Languages of Sokoto State listed by LGA: Sokoto State

189-497: A combination of any of these processes. There are 20 plural classes proposed by Newman (2000). Hausa marks tense differences by different sets of subject pronouns, sometimes with the pronoun combined with some additional particle. For this reason, a subject pronoun must accompany every verb in Hausa, regardless of whether the subject is known from previous context or is expressed by a noun subject. Hausa's modern official orthography

252-685: A great influence in the way Hausa is spoken by the native Hausa speakers in these areas. In West Africa , Hausa's use as a lingua franca has given rise to a non-native pronunciation that differs vastly from native pronunciation by way of key omissions of implosive and ejective consonants present in native Hausa dialects, such as ɗ , ɓ and kʼ/ƙ , which are pronounced by non-native speakers as d , b and k respectively. This creates confusion among non-native and native Hausa speakers, as non-native pronunciation does not distinguish words like daidai ("correct") and ɗaiɗai ("one-by-one"). Another difference between native and non-native Hausa

315-469: A lesser extent Gaananci ), the northernmost dialects have slight grammatical and lexical differences owing to frequent contact with the Zarma , Fula , and Tuareg groups and cultural changes owing to the geographical differences between the grassland and desert zones. These dialects also have the quality of bordering on non-tonal pitch accent dialects. This link between non-tonality and geographic location

378-776: A long history of borrowing words from other languages, usually from the languages being spoken around and near Hausaland . Hausa has between 23 and 25 consonant phonemes depending on the speaker. The three-way contrast between palatals /c ɟ cʼ/ , plain velars /k ɡ kʼ/ , and labialized velars /kʷ ɡʷ kʷʼ/ is found only before long and short /a/ , e.g. /cʼaːɽa/ ('grass'), /kʼaːɽaː/ ('to increase'), /kʷʼaːɽaː/ ('shea-nuts'). Before front vowels, only palatals and labialized velars occur, e.g. /ciːʃiː/ ('jealousy') vs. /kʷiːɓiː/ ('side of body'). Before rounded vowels, only labialized velars occur, e.g. /kʷoːɽaː/ ('ringworm'). Hausa has glottalic consonants (implosives and ejectives) at four or five places of articulation (depending on

441-573: A region, knows a longer history. During the reign of the Fulani Empire in the 19th century Sokoto was an important Fula state, in addition to being a city, of what was then west central Nigeria. From ca. 1900, with the British take-over, Sokoto, which then encompassed the entire north-west corner of Nigeria, became a province of the British protectorate of Nigeria . Not long after Gando

504-596: A second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government areas. Hausa language Hausa is a member of the Afroasiatic language family and is the most widely spoken language within the Chadic branch of that family. Despite originating from a non-tonal language family, Hausa utilizes differences in pitch to distinguish words and grammar. Ethnologue estimated that it

567-413: A total number of 14 vocalic phonemes. In comparison with the long vowels, the short /i, u/ can be similar in quality to the long vowels, mid-centralized to [ ɪ , ʊ ] or centralized to [ ɨ , ʉ ] . Medial /i, u/ can be neutralized to [ ɨ ~ ʉ ] , with the rounding depending on the environment. Medial /e, o/ are neutralized with /a/ . The short /a/ can be either similar in quality to

630-535: Is a Latin-based alphabet called boko , which was introduced in the 1930s by the British colonial administration. The letter ƴ (y with a right hook) is used only in Niger ; in Nigeria it is written ʼy . Tone and vowel length are not marked in writing. So, for example, /dàɡà/ "from" and /dáːɡáː/ "battle" are both written daga . The distinction between /r/ and /ɽ/ (which does not exist for all speakers)

693-466: Is abruptly replaced with Dioula – Bambara as the main sahelian/Muslim lingua-franca of what become predominantly Manding areas, and native Hausa-speakers plummet to a very small urban minority. Because of this, and the presence of surrounding Akan , Gbe , Gur and Mande languages , Gaananci was historically isolated from the other Hausa dialects. Despite this difference, grammatical similarities between Sakkwatanci and Ghanaian Hausa determine that

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756-497: Is also characterised with the tropical weather conditions of coldness, wetness and harmattan . The annual rainfall of Kebbi state has the average of 787.53 and 112.21mm, since rainfall is a climatic resource in the state, which aids agricultural production . The rainy season in the state is between mid-May and mid-September, while the dry season constitutes a period of seven months. The temperature of Kebbi state has an annual variation between 65 F and 104 F. The cloud of Kebbi state

819-476: Is being opened as rapidly as possible for trade. After the establishment of British rule farmers and herdsmen reoccupied districts and the inhabitants of cities flocked back to the land, rebuilding villages which had been deserted for fifty years. Horse breeding and cattle raising form the chief source of wealth in the province. There is some ostrich farming. Except in the sandy areas there is extensive agriculture, including rice and cotton. Special crops are grown in

882-580: Is bordered by Gummi in Zamfara state in the North. To the south is Niger state , this borderline extends also arbitrarily on land to the west, to a point where it ends a few kilometers to the west of large tributary of the Dan Zari River, a northwest ward protrusion of Yauri Emirate of Kebbi. In fact, going by history, Zuru people being multi-ethnic are grouped into categories. The first category

945-518: Is bordered east and north of Sokoto and Zamfara states, and to the south by Niger state while its western border forms part of the national borders with Benin Republic for 103 km (64 miles) and Niger for 207 km (129 miles). Named for the city of Birnin Kebbi —the state's capital and largest city, Kebbi state was formed from Sokoto state on 27 August 1991. Of the 36 states of Nigeria , Kebbi

1008-462: Is clearer around November to March of the succeeding month, while the state is usually cloudy between March and November at 68% annually. There is a relatively high humidity between seven months, April and November of every year, with November to July being the windiest. Kebbi state consists of 21 Local Government Areas (LGAs), four emirate councils ( Gwandu , Argungu , Yauri and Zuru ), and 35 districts. The LGAs are as follows: Kebbi state

1071-469: Is from June to October during which showers are a daily occurrence. The showers rarely last long and are a far cry from the regular torrential rain known in wet tropical regions. From late October to February, during the cold season , the climate is dominated by the Harmattan wind blowing Sahara dust over the land. The dust dims the sunlight thereby lowering temperatures significantly and also leading to

1134-454: Is in the dry Sahel , surrounded by sandy savannah and isolated hills. With an annual average temperature of 28.3 °C (82.9 °F), Sokoto is, on the whole, a very hot area. However, maximum daytime temperatures are for most of the year generally under 40 °C (104.0 °F) and the dryness makes the heat bearable. The warmest months are February to April when daytime temperatures can exceed 45 °C (113.0 °F). The rainy season

1197-424: Is led by a democratically elected governor who works closely with members of the state's house of assembly. The capital city of the state is Sokoto. The governor of the state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of votes and over 25% of the vote in at least two-third of the state local government areas. If no candidate passes threshold,

1260-519: Is mainly populated by Hausa and Fulani people. with some members of Zarma , Lelna (Dakarkari) , Bussawa (generally speakers of Busa ), Dukawa , Kambari , Gungawa and Kamuku ethnic communities. Most people who live in Kebbi are Muslims . The Hausa language is dominant throughout the State. Below is a list of some languages of Kebbi state listed by LGA: Other languages spoken in Kebbi state include Fulfulde , Ut-Hun , and Sorko . Like

1323-613: Is not limited to Hausa alone, but is exhibited in other northern dialects of neighbouring languages; example includes differences within the Songhay language (between the non-tonal northernmost dialects of Koyra Chiini in Timbuktu and Koyraboro Senni in Gao ; and the tonal southern Zarma dialect, spoken from western Niger to northern Ghana ), and within the Soninke language (between

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1386-453: Is not marked in orthography, but may be indicated with R̃ r̃ for the trill in linguistic transcription. Hausa has also been written in ajami , an Arabic alphabet , since the early 17th century. The first known work to be written in Hausa is Riwayar Nabi Musa by Abdullahi Suka in the 17th century. There is no standard system of using ajami , and different writers may use letters with different values. Short vowels are written regularly with

1449-504: Is of those that claim long term settlement and the second category is of the much more recent settlers, who in fact regard themselves – and are also regarded by the others as recent immigrants or even as temporary strangers. In the first category are the Achifawa, Kambari, Dukkawa Fakkawa,'Dankawa, Worawa, Katsinawa and Lelna ( Dakarkari ' such as sindawa'). It is characteristic to find that some of them lay claim to have originated from

1512-476: Is spoken in the north, including the cities of Ngaoundere , Garoua , and Maroua . In Ghana, Hausa is the lingua franca of the Zongo communities across the country. In Benin, Hausa is spoken in the north. Cities where it is spoken include Parakou , Kandi , Natitingou , and Djougou . In Togo, Hausa is spoken in the north. Cities where it is spoken include Sokode , Kara , and Dapaong . In Chad, Hausa

1575-1281: Is spoken in the south. Cities where it is spoken include N'Djamena . In Sudan, Hausa is spoken in almost all the states of Jazirah , Blue Nile , and Kordofan , Darfur States, Gadaref State ,Red Sea State, White Nile State, River Nile Hausa presents a wide uniformity wherever it is spoken. However, linguists have identified dialect areas with a cluster of features characteristic of each one. Eastern Hausa dialects include Dauranci in Daura , Kananci in Kano , Bausanci in Bauchi , Gudduranci in Katagum Misau and part of Borno , and Hadejanci in Hadejiya . Western Hausa dialects include Sakkwatanci in Sokoto , Katsinanci in Katsina , Arewanci in Gobir , Adar , Kebbi , and Zanhwaranci in Zamfara , and Kurhwayanci in Kurfey in Niger. Katsina

1638-480: Is spoken predominantly include Kano , Kaduna , Katsina, Daura , Gobir, Zaria , Sokoto, Birnin Kebbi , Gusau , Dutse , Hadejia , Bauchi, Misau , Zamfara , Gombe, Nafada , Maiduguri, Yobe , Yola , Jalingo , Jos , Lafia , Nasarawa , Minna, Kontagora , Keffi and Abuja. In Niger, Hausa is spoken by up to 53% of the population. It is very popular in the cities of Maradi , Diffa , Tahoua , Zinder , Tillaberi , Dosso , and Agadez . In Cameroon, Hausa

1701-611: Is the city of Sokoto . Sokoto is located near to the confluence of the Sokoto River and the Rima River . As of 2022 it has an estimated population of more than 6.3 million. Being the seat of the former Sokoto Caliphate , the city is predominantly Muslim and an important seat of Islamic learning in Nigeria. The Sultan who heads the caliphate is effectively the spiritual leader of Nigerian Muslims. The name Sokoto (which

1764-468: Is the tenth largest in area and 18th most populous , with an estimated population of about 4.4 million as of 2016. The state is known as land of equity. Geographically, the state is within the tropical West Sudanian savanna ecoregion . Important geographic features of Kebbi state include the Sokoto River , which flows through Kebbi into the River Niger , which continues south before reaching

1827-540: Is the modern/ anglicised version of the local name, Sakkwato ) is of Arabic origin, representing suk, "market". It is also known as Sakkwato, Birnin Shaihu da Bello or "Sokoto, Capital of Shaihu and Bello". Since its creation as a state in 1976 (from the bifurcation of the erstwhile North-Western State ( Map ) into Sokoto and Niger States , Sokoto state has been ruled by governors , most ex-military officers, who succeeded each another at short intervals. Sokoto, as

1890-695: Is the omission of vowel length in words and change in the standard tone of native Hausa dialects (ranging from native Fulani and Tuareg Hausa-speakers omitting tone altogether, to Hausa speakers with Gur or Yoruba mother tongues using additional tonal structures similar to those used in their native languages). Use of masculine and feminine gender nouns and sentence structure are usually omitted or interchanged, and many native Hausa nouns and verbs are substituted with non-native terms from local languages. Non-native speakers of Hausa numbered more than 25 million and, in some areas, live close to native Hausa. It has replaced many other languages especially in

1953-527: Is the westernmost area in which the Hausa language is a major lingua-franca among sahelian/Muslim West Africans, including both Ghanaian and non-Ghanaian zango migrants primarily from the northern regions, or Mali and Burkina Faso . Ghana also marks the westernmost boundary in which the Hausa people inhabit in any considerable number. Immediately west and north of Ghana (in Côte d'Ivoire , and Burkina Faso), Hausa

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2016-642: Is transitional between Eastern and Western dialects. Sokoto is used in a variety of classical Hausa literature , and is often known as Classical Hausa . Northern Hausa dialects include Arewa (meaning 'North') and Arewaci . Zazzaganci in Zazzau is the major Southern dialect. The Daura ( Dauranchi ) and Kano ( Kananci ) dialects are the standard. The BBC , Deutsche Welle , Radio France Internationale and Voice of America offer Hausa services on their international news web sites using Dauranci and Kananci. In recent language development Zazzaganci took over

2079-539: Is usually identified by the use of c for ky , and j for gy . This is attributed to the fact that Ghana's Hausa population descend from Hausa-Fulani traders settled in the zongo districts of major trade-towns up and down the previous Asante , Gonja and Dagomba kingdoms stretching from the sahel to coastal regions, in particular the cities of Accra ( Sabon Zango , Nima ), Takoradi and Cape Coast Gaananci exhibits noted inflected influences from Zarma , Gur , Jula - Bambara , Akan , and Soninke , as Ghana

2142-532: The Haoussa Foulane , Badji Haoussa, Guezou Haoussa, and Ansongo districts of northeastern Mali (where it is designated as a minority language by the Malian government), but there are very little linguistic resources and research done on these particular dialects at this time. Gaananci forms a separate group from other Western Hausa dialects, as it now falls outside the contiguous Hausa-dominant area, and

2205-463: The Hausa people , are mostly found in southern Niger and northern Nigeria . The language is used as a lingua franca by non-native speakers in most of northern Nigeria , southern Niger , northern Cameroon , northern Ghana , northern Benin , northern Togo , southern Chad and parts of Sudan . In Nigeria, Hausa is dominant throughout the north , but not dominant in the states of Kwara , Kogi and Benue . States (or cities) in which Hausa

2268-466: The Kainji Lake , half of which is in Kebbi. Among the state's nature are a number of fish species exhibited during the massive Argungu Fishing Festival , along with hippopotamus , West African manatee , and transient African bush elephant populations. Ethnically, Kebbi state is inhabited by various ethnic groups, with the Hausa , Fulani , and Zarma peoples living throughout the state, while

2331-455: The Achipa (Achipawa), Boko-Bala , Dendi , Dukawa , Kambari , Kamuku , Lelna , Puku , and Shanga peoples live along the state's diverse western and southern borders. Religiously, the majority of the state's population (~84%) are Muslims while the remaining are followers of Christianity and traditional religions like Bori . In the pre-colonial period, the area that is now Kebbi state

2394-531: The Hausas. Zuru as was said, is a result of upheaval, resulting from events such as Kanta's breakaway from Songhai and Nupe -Kororofa control. Moreover, the Katsinawa, who in fact see themselves as immigrants from the old state of Katsina , which had made political in road Zuru region, especially from the 16th century A.D. onward, and had enabled them to settle and to area's indigenous population. Kebbi state

2457-415: The Niger. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people, especially in the rural areas. Crops produced are mainly grains. Animal rearing and fishing are also common. Christianity and Islam are the dominant religions of the people. There are 225 political wards, 3,000 settlements and 1,036 hard to reach settlements in the 21 local government areas in the state. Like other Nigerian states, Kebbi state

2520-536: The area largely converted to Islam through peaceful means. Zuru emirate is divided into five administrative chiefdom: Dabai , Danko , Fakai , Sakaba , and Wasagu . The third class chief, who is also member of the Zuru town in Dabai chiefdom, where the emirate headquarters is located, heads each of the towns. Zuru Emirate is located in the southern part of Kebbi state Nigeria, occupying an area of about 9000sq km. It

2583-471: The city of Birnin Kebbi , and the livestock herding of camels , cattle, goats , and sheep . Kebbi state has the lowest Human Development Index and sixth lowest GDP in the country. Kebbi state is traditionally considered by Sarki mythology as the homeland of the ƴan uwa bakwai states and Hausa kingdoms . Kebbi resisted the Fulani jihad of the early 19th-century, but in the later 19th-century,

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2646-798: The country. Abubakar Atiku Bagudu is also the Chairman, National Task Force on Rice and Wheat Production in Nigeria. The tertiary institutions of learning in Kebbi state, both federal government owned, state owned and private institutions are listed this: A1 north from Niger State at Makirin via Yelwa, Koko, Sokoto State for 19 km from Tungan Ilo via Kuchi in Kebbe LGA to Maishaika, Jega, Sokoto State again for nine km from Illela via Tambawel in Kebbe LGA to Ungan-Bawa, and northeast to Sokoto State at Barkeji. Southwest from Bunza at Kamba to RN8. Kebbi state has many natural resources which boost

2709-434: The country. To reiterate his commitment to ensure that Kebbi state is not only dependent on federal government allocation, the active governor of the state, Abubakar Atiku Bagudu paid a visit to Benin Republic last year and while on the trip, signed a number of bilateral trade protocols with the government and business community of Benin Republic with a view to fostering trade, industrial and tourism relationships with

2772-441: The dialect). They require movement of the glottis during pronunciation and have a staccato sound. They are written with modified versions of Latin letters. They can also be denoted with an apostrophe , either before or after depending on the letter, as shown below: Hausa vowels occur in five different vowel qualities, all of which can be short or long, totaling 10 monophthongs . In addition, there are four diphthongs , giving

2835-530: The dialect, and the origin of the Ghanaian Hausa people themselves, are derived from the northwestern Hausa area surrounding Sokoto. Hausa is also widely spoken by non-native Gur , and Mandé Ghanaian Muslims, but differs from Gaananci, and rather has features consistent with non-native Hausa dialects. Hausa is also spoken in various parts of Cameroon and Chad, which combined the mixed dialects of Northern Nigeria and Niger. In addition, Arabic has had

2898-606: The help of vowel marks , which are seldom used in Arabic texts other than the Quran. Many medieval Hausa manuscripts in ajami , similar to the Timbuktu Manuscripts , have been discovered recently; some of them even describe constellations and calendars . Kebbi State Kebbi State ( Hausa : Jihar Kebbi ; Fulfulde : Leydi Kebbi 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤫𞤦𞥆𞤭) is a state in northwestern Nigeria . Kebbi State

2961-475: The inconvenience of dust everywhere in houses. The region's lifeline for growing crops is the floodplains of the Sokoto-Rima river system (see Sokoto River ), which are covered with rich alluvial soil . For the rest, the general dryness of the region allows for few crops, millet perhaps being the most abundant, complemented by rice, corn, other cereals and beans. Apart from tomatoes few vegetables grow in

3024-551: The innovation of writing and speaking the current Hausa language use. The western to eastern Hausa dialects of Kurhwayanci , Dam agaram and Adarawa , represent the traditional northernmost limit of native Hausa communities. These are spoken in the northernmost sahel and mid- Saharan regions in west and central Niger in the Tillaberi , Tahoua , Dosso , Maradi , Agadez and Zinder regions. While mutually comprehensible with other dialects (especially Sakkwatanci , and to

3087-463: The long /aː/ , or it can be as high as [ ə ] , with possible intermediate pronunciations ( [ ɐ ~ ɜ ] ). The 4 diphthongs in Hausa are /ai, au, iu, ui/ . Hausa is a tonal language . Each of its five vowels may have low tone, high tone or falling tone. In standard written Hausa, tone is not marked. In recent linguistic and pedagogical materials, tone is marked by means of diacritics. An acute accent ( ´ ) may be used for high tone, but

3150-488: The majority of Nigerian states, Kebbi state is governed by a governor and a State House of Assembly, under the current administration of Nasir Idris . Kebbi state is one of the major producers of rice in Nigeria. The current participation of more than 70,000 farmers in the Anchor Borrowers Rice and wheat farming, is heading towards making Kebbi state a new destination and hub for agro-based commodities of

3213-514: The native rulers. In 1967, not long after Nigeria's independence from the British, the region became known as the Northwestern State. This territory was, in 1976, split into Sokoto State and Niger State. Later on, Kebbi State (1991) and Zamfara State (1996) split off from Sokoto State. Sokoto State is mainly populated by Fulani people. with Gobirawa found in Gobir and Isa LGA. Most Sokoto State residents are Sunni Muslims , with

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3276-573: The non-tonal northernmost dialects of Imraguen and Nemadi spoken in east-central Mauritania ; and the tonal southern dialects of Senegal , Mali and the Sahel ). The Ghanaian Hausa dialect ( Gaananci ), spoken in Ghana and Togo , is a distinct western native Hausa dialect-bloc with adequate linguistic and media resources available. Separate smaller Hausa dialects are spoken by an unknown number of Hausa further west in parts of Burkina Faso , and in

3339-482: The north-central and north-eastern part of Nigeria and continues to gain popularity in other parts of Africa as a result of Hausa movies and music which spread out throughout the region. There are several pidgin forms of Hausa. Barikanchi was formerly used in the colonial army of Nigeria. Gibanawa is currently in widespread use in Jega in northwestern Nigeria, south of the native Hausa area. The Hausa language has

3402-572: The region. Sokoto State consists of twenty-three (23) Local Government Areas . They are: Tertiary institutions in Sokoto State include: Agriculture is the most important economic sector. It employs a majority percent of the state's working population. The state is one of the poorest in Nigeria and has one of the highest incidences of extreme poverty (around 80% of the population) according to World Bank data from 2018. Sadiq Abubakar III International near Sokoto . The state government

3465-466: The rising, who claimed to be a Mahdi inspired to drive the white man out of the country. A British force marched against the rebels, who were overthrown with great loss in March 1906. The leader was condemned to death in the emir's court and executed in the market place of Sokoto, and the incident was chiefly interesting for the display of loyalty to the British administration which it evoked on all sides from

3528-407: The same principle as the other provinces of Northern Nigeria. A British resident of the first class has been placed at Sokoto and assistant residents at other centres. British courts of justice have been established and British governors are quartered in the province. Detachments of civil police are also placed at the principal stations. The country has been assessed under the new system for taxes and

3591-526: The usual practice is to leave high tone unmarked. Except for the Zaria and Bauchi dialects spoken south of Kano , Hausa distinguishes between masculine and feminine genders. Hausa, like the rest of the Chadic languages in particular and Afro-Asiatic languages in general, is known for its complex, irregular pluralization of nouns. Noun plurals in Hausa are derived using a variety of morphological processes, such as suffixation, infixation, reduplication, or

3654-407: The valleys by irrigation. Weaving, dyeing and tanning are the principal native industries. Fair roads are in process of construction through the province. Trade is increasing and a cash currency has been introduced. [...] In 1906 a rising attributed to religious fanaticism occurred near Sokoto in which unfortunately three white officers lost their lives. The emir heartily repudiated the leader of

3717-743: Was a part of the post-independence Northern Region until 1967, when the region was split and the area became part of the North-Western state . After the North-Eastern state was split, Sokoto state was formed in 1976 alongside ten other states. Twenty years afterward, a group of LGAs in Sokoto state's west and south was broken off to form the new Kebbi state. Economically, Kebbi state is largely based around fishing and agriculture , mainly of sorghum , groundnuts , millet , onion , and rice crops. Other key industries are trading, especially in

3780-415: Was added as a sub-province. This double province then covered an area of 90,000 square kilometres (35,000 sq mi) with an estimated population over 500,000. It included the then Zamfara and Argungun , or Kebbi , kingdoms. The following excerpt from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica offers some information from the perspective of the occupying British power: The province has been organized on

3843-521: Was created out of the former Sokoto state on 17 August 1991. The state has a total population of 3,137,989 people as projected from the 1991 census, within 21 local government areas. The state has Sudan and Sahel - savannah . The southern part is generally rocky with the Niger River traversing the state from Benin to Ngaski LGA. The northern part of the state is sandy with the Rima River passing through Argungu to Bagudo LGA, where it empties into

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3906-812: Was mainly controlled by the Kebbi Kingdom , a Hausa bakwai state, until the early 1800s, the Fulani jihad seized part of the area and attempted to incorporate it into the Gwandu Emirate under the Sokoto Caliphate . Over the succeeding century, Kebbi rulers fought Sokoto on-and-off until the 1900s and 1910s, when the British seized control of the area as a part of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate , which later merged into British Nigeria , before becoming independent as Nigeria in 1960. Originally, modern-day Kebbi state

3969-495: Was spoken as a first language by some 54 million people and as a second language by another 34 million, bringing the total number of Hausa speakers to an estimated 88 million. In Nigeria, the Hausa film industry is known as Kannywood . Hausa belongs to the West Chadic languages subgroup of the Chadic languages group, which in turn is part of the Afroasiatic language family. Native speakers of Hausa,

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