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53-433: It lies about 14 km (8.7 mi) from Manciano, 56 km (35 mi) from Grosseto , 37 km (23 mi) northeast of Orbetello and the coast and 115 km (71 mi) from Rome . Near the village, 800 L/s of sulphurous water at 37 °C gushes over a waterfall and down into a cascade of natural pools formed by the deposition of calcareous rock from evaporation of the water. Saturnia, which until 30BC

106-485: A Mediterranean climate with very mild wet winters and very hot dry summers. On average there are 25 nights a year where the low reaches or dips below freezing 0 °C (32 °F) but there are also 41 days where the high is at or surpasses 30 °C (86 °F). There are 12 days of fog on an average year. The Municipality of Grosseto was subdivided into eight districts ( circoscrizioni ) from 1977 to 2011. Alberese , located 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of

159-552: A malaria epidemic. In 1138 the diocese was suppressed and the site deserted, although still occasionally used. The episcopal see was transferred to Grosseto . The impressive cyclopean walls were built by the Etruscans between the 7th and 6th centuries BC. The perimeter of the city wall is over 3 km, with an average height of about 7 m. The walls consist of irregular, unworked blocks of travertine often measuring as much as 2.75 by 1.2 metres (9.0 by 3.9 ft) On

212-1099: A national unifying language from the north to the south of the entire Peninsula. Grosseto and Maremma have been settings for numerous works of fiction and movies, including the novels and associated films, such as The Easy Life (1962) with Vittorio Gassman ; La vita agra (1964), from the novel of the same name by Luciano Bianciardi , with Ugo Tognazzi ; An Ideal Place To Kill (1969) directed by Umberto Lenzi ; In viaggio con papà (1982), with Alberto Sordi ; Nothing Left to Do But Cry (1984), with Massimo Troisi and Roberto Benigni ; It's Happening Tomorrow (1988); Viola bacia tutti (1997) with Asia Argento ; The Talented Mr. Ripley with Matt Damon and Jude Law ; Emma sono io (2002); Roberto Benigni's Pinocchio ; Manuale d'amore 3 (2011) with Robert De Niro and Monica Bellucci ; Swiss movie Summer Games , and some Leonardo Pieraccioni 's movies. Famous Italian actress Elsa Martinelli and actor Luigi Pistilli were both born in Grosseto. Actress Laura Morante

265-652: A wondrously carved baptismal font from 1470–1474 and the Madonna delle Grazie by Matteo di Giovanni (1470). The campanile (bell tower) was finished in 1402, and restored in 1911. Within the walls of Grosseto are the following buildings: Outside the walls of Grosseto are the following buildings: Grosseto has enjoyed a long tradition in sports. Baseball and football are perhaps the most popular in Grosseto. However, other sports such as American football , cricket , horse racing and athletics are also widely practised. The premier society of men's baseball in Grosseto

318-526: Is a modern residential area, located about 10 km (6 mi) south-east of the capital, near the Natural Park of Maremma and the frazione of Alberese. Roselle , in Latin Rusellae , now a municipal frazione of Grosseto, was once the main city in the area. Of Etruscan origin, it was built on a hill that offered protection and commanded all the nearby valley. The extent of its dominion

371-527: Is a small town of medieval origins. The site, from which the scenic panorama of the coastal strip and the Tuscan Archipelago up to Corsica can be seen, is also known as "Terrace or balcony of the Maremma". Principina a Mare is a seaside resort. The center, sparsely populated land in winter, consists primarily of houses of holidaymakers, hotels, high class and a camp category average. However,

424-548: Is called Bbc Grosseto Orioles (also referred to by its sponsored name of Montepaschi). Grosseto participates in the highest level of play in Italy, Serie A1 , and it won the national championship in 1986, 1989, 2004 and 2007. The team won the European Cup in 2005. Montedeipaschi Grosseto hosts his home games at Stadio Roberto Jannella . The Unione Sportiva Grosseto Football Club was founded in 1912. It has participated in

477-400: Is characterised by a highly irregular plan in which there is a room with two niches accessed via a double staircase, a large room with an apse in the southwestern corner and another larger room, immediately to the east. A complex system of canals and tunnels with elaborate brick arches indicates the thermal use of the rooms. The characteristics of the opus mixtum used for the structures (with

530-519: Is known about it other than the fact that it was a prefecture . There are still remains of the city walls , in the polygonal style, which contain Roman gateways. Roman remains have also been discovered within the town, and remains of tombs outside. These tombs were originally covered by tumuli , which have now disappeared, so that George Dennis, author of Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria , mistook them for megalithic remains. In 1300, Saturnia became

583-780: Is not clear, but probably at its peak included most of the Vetulonia territory. The city's splendour ended in 294 BCE, when, according to Livy , the Roman Republic conquered it. After the end of the Roman Empire, in the 5th century, Roselle was still the most important centre of what is now southern Tuscany. Its gradual decline began in 1138, when the diocesan seat was moved to Grosseto. Etruscan ruins had been discovered in Roselle, including cyclopean walls, 6 kilometres (4 mi) in circumference, and sulphur baths, which in

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636-590: Is occupied by a Roman amphitheatre , the other by a tower of uncertain date. The local travertine was extensively used as a building material. Roman remains have also been found 3 kilometres (2 mi) to the south, at hot springs used for public bathing to this day. Excavations have revealed the newly identified Roman port on the Ombrone River, located within the Maremma National Park. The port provided an important commercial focus for

689-465: Is one of the two breeds used in the preparation of the florentine steak . The walls were commissioned by Cosimo I de Medici in 1564, in order to replace those from the 12th-14th centuries, as part of his policy of making Grosseto a stronghold to protect his southern border. The design was by Baldassarre Lanci , and construction began in 1565. Until 1757 the exterior was surrounded by a ditch with an earthen moat. There were two main gates: Porta Nuova on

742-637: The High Middle Ages . It was first mentioned in 803 as a fief of the Counts Aldobrandeschi, in a document recording the assignment of the church of St. George to Ildebrando degli Aldobrandeschi , whose successors were counts of the Grossetana Mark until the end of the 12th century. Grosseto steadily grew in importance, owing to the decline of Rusellae and Vetulonia until it was one of the principal Tuscan cities. In 1137

795-514: The Middle Ages before being abandoned. The impressive archaeological remains lie near the modern frazione or village of Roselle ( Italian: [roˈzɛlle] ) in the comune of Grosseto . The remains of the ancient buildings were brought to light by means of a long campaign of excavations carried out under archaeologist Clelia Laviosa beginning in the 1950s. More recent work has revealed many more impressive buildings. Roselle

848-545: The Tyrrhenian Sea , at the centre of an alluvial plain on the Ombrone river. It is the most populous city in Maremma, with 82,284 inhabitants. The comune of Grosseto includes the frazioni of Marina di Grosseto , the largest one, Roselle , Principina a Mare , Principina Terra , Montepescali , Braccagni , Istia d'Ombrone , Batignano , Alberese and Rispescia . The origins of Grosseto can be traced back to

901-460: The Italian language, without too many redundancies and constructions, words and typical ways of speech of the vernacular and the dialect. The writer intended to not utilise his own Grossetan dialect, but to use a general "Italian national language". In fact he twice refers to the vernacular which he uses defining it italico (Italic). So Andrea da Grosseto was the first to intend to use vernacular as

954-668: The National Championship of Soccer in Serie B (the second level of the Italian soccer leagues) since the 2007–2008 season . The football club U.S. Grosseto hosts its games at the Stadio Carlo Zecchini . Other important teams are the Maremma Cricket Club (Serie A) and American Football Condor Grosseto (Serie B). Horse racing is of considerable importance, with several races throughout

1007-511: The airports of reference are the airports of Florence , Pisa and Rome-Fiumicino . All three airports are located about 150 kilometres (93 mi) from the capital of the Maremma . For a few months in 2018, the airport was served by a flight to Bern , operated by SkyWork Airlines , until it went into liquidation. Bishopric of Roselle Rusellae was an important ancient town of Etruria (roughly modern Tuscany ), which survived until

1060-491: The ancient city of Rusellae and for the exchange of goods around the Via Aurelia . The port is associated with a temple dedicated to Diana Umbronesis, set on a rocky promontory to the south, which acted as a ‘marker’ for the coastal trade in the area. This sanctuary together with a second, Severan temple are part of ongoing excavations. The first traces of settlement are shown in layers containing relics of Villanovan and at

1113-532: The bus station serves as an interchange point between these, the intercity routes and extra-urban routes which extend into the rest of the Province of Grosseto . Since 1 November 2021 the public local transport is operated by Autolinee Toscane . The city has a modern tourist dock opened in 2004 in the seaside resort of Marina di Grosseto , at the mouth of the San Rocco Canal. For passenger traffic in

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1166-573: The capital, is the heart of the Natural Park of Maremma . The name is also extended to the surrounding rural areas which go from the first foothills of the hinterland hills to the sea through the northern slopes of the Uccellina Mountains. Of uncertain origins, Batignano developed in the Medieval period , around the castle which controlled the outlet of the road towards Siena on the plain of Grosseto and some lead and silver mines. It

1219-678: The city of Grosseto: Local bus service in Grosseto was managed by Tiemme Toscana Mobilità one of the companies of the consortium ONE Scarl to accomplish the contract stipulated with the Regione Toscana for the public transport in the 2018-2019 period. Intercity buses depart from the main bus station in Piazza Marconi . There are also several bus services going from the city to Florence, Siena and other cities in Tuscany. A network of urban bus routes also operates in Grosseto, and

1272-627: The city was besieged by German troops, led by Duke Heinrich X of Bavaria , sent by the emperor Lothair III to reinstate his authority over the Aldobrandeschi. In the following year the bishopric of Roselle was transferred to Grosseto. In 1151 the citizens swore loyalty to the Republic of Siena , and in 1222 the Aldobrandeschi gave the Grossetani the right to have their own podestà , together with three councilors and consuls. In 1244

1325-455: The city was reconquered by the Sienese, and its powers, together with all the Aldobrandeschi's imperial privileges, were transferred to Siena by order of the imperial vicar . Thereafter Grosseto shared the fortunes of Siena. It became an important stronghold, and the fortress ( rocca ), the walls and bastions can still to be seen. In 1266 and in 1355, Grosseto tried in vain to win freedom from

1378-522: The city's commercial contacts with Greece and the Greek colonies of Southern Italy. The Romans captured it in 294 BC. In 205 BC, it contributed grain and timber for the fleet of Scipio Africanus . A colony was founded here either by the Triumviri or by Augustus . The Diocese of Roselle was established in 490. In 935 the town was destroyed by Saracens . It was not rebuilt because of

1431-450: The continuing struggles against Siena). The façade of alternate layers of white and black marble is Romanesque in style, but is almost entirely the result of 16th century and 1816–1855 restorations: it retains decorative parts of the originary buildings, including Evangelists' symbols. The layout consists of a Latin cross, with transept and apse. The interior has a nave with two aisles, separated by cruciform pilasters. The main artworks are

1484-447: The current building is due to a restoration of 1933. The church holds the famous Madonna and Child fresco attributed to Benvenuto di Giovanni at the end of the 15th century. Grosseto Grosseto ( Italian pronunciation: [ɡrosˈseːto] ) is a comune in the central Italian region of Tuscany , the capital of the province of Grosseto and of the Maremma . The city lies 14 kilometres (9 miles) from

1537-501: The early Middle Ages the building became a fortified enclosure using additional material from other Roman buildings, and in defence of Byzantine territories against the advance of the Lombards. This area remained occupied until at least the 16th century, as evidenced by the various fragments of archaic majolica. The first traces of the house ( domus ) date back to the late republican period. After extensive destruction in 90–80 BC, it

1590-466: The economy of the area. The railway station, the Aurelia , many activities which have developed in the last few years, new habitations, these have all created its new identity as a modern town, in continuous evolution. Istia d'Ombrone is a town situated about 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of the capital. The center of Istia emerged as a fortified settlement along the valley of the river Ombrone and it

1643-607: The end of 7th, early 6th century BC. Founded as a city in the 7th century BC, it was quoted by Dionysius of Halicarnassus as one of the cities that brought help to the Latins in the war against the Roman king Tarquinius Priscus . It developed to the detriment of neighbouring cities in particular Vetulonia . Rusellae was associated with, but not actually one of, the twelve cities of the Etruscan Confederation . The discovery of Attic vases with red figures testifies to

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1696-479: The end of the 4th century the workshop and what remained of the domus were abandoned and in the course of the 6th century witnessed burials of infants above the level of collapse. On the southern part of the site, close to the mosaics of the domus , are the archaeological remains of the ancient Roman headquarters of the Augustales (an Augusteum ), which was built in the imperial period (1st century AD). This

1749-399: The former living rooms. The workshop of a locksmith produced thick layers of ash, coal and waste disposed on almost all floors, blackened by metallurgical activity. Furthermore, the finds of bronze and metal objects have led to the hypothesis that in this workshop objects were not produced from scratch, but re-used antiques from Etruscan tombs and from public and private Roman buildings. Towards

1802-533: The hideout of outlaws and was razed to the ground by the Sienese . Forgotten for several centuries, Saturnia was rediscovered in the late 19th century when the land around the spring was drained and a spa built. Thousands of visitors come to bathe in the waters to this day. The Church of Santa Maria Maddalena is the main church in Saturnia. The earliest historical records related to the church date back to 1188, but

1855-518: The last century were restored for medicinal uses. There was formerly an amphitheatre. Andrea da Grosseto was born in Grosseto in the first half of the 1200's. He is very important in Italian literature , because he is considered the first writer in the Italian language . Andrea da Grosseto translated from Latin the Moral Treaties of Albertano of Brescia , in 1268. His texts were written in

1908-404: The location is quite popular due to its proximity to the mouth of the river Ombrone and the Natural Park of Maremma . The village of Principina Terra is located south-west of the capital city, almost halfway between the city center and the seaside resorts of Marina di Grosseto and Principina a Mare. The area surrounding the village was washed from the shores of ancient Lake Prile. Rispescia

1961-487: The medium range, the main port is Porto Santo Stefano (40 km), with ferry only for the islands of Giglio and Giannutri . Grosseto and the Maremma are served by Grosseto Baccarini Airport , located midway between the capital and Marina di Grosseto . The airport is a military site which is also used as a commercial airport by civilian charter flights and private aircraft, and has a small terminal to accommodate these. With regard to domestic and international flights,

2014-532: The next 80 years Grosseto was again occupied, ravaged, excommunicated by Pope Clement IV , besieged by emperor Louis IV and by the antipope Nicholas V in 1328, until it finally submitted to its more powerful neighbour, Siena. The pestilence of 1348 struck Grosseto hard and by 1369 its population had been reduced to some hundred families. Its territory, moreover, was frequently ravaged, notably in 1447 by Alfons V of Sicily and in 1455 by Jacopo Piccinino . Sienese rule ended in 1559, when Charles V handed over

2067-416: The north and Porta Reale (now Porta Vecchia ) on the south. The walls are now used as a public park and walking area. The Romanesque cathedral, the main monument of the city, is named for its patron St. Lawrence, and was begun at the end of the 13th century, by architect Sozzo Rustichini of Siena. Erected over the earlier church of Santa Maria Assunta, it was only finished in the 15th century (mainly due to

2120-530: The overlordship of Siena. While Guelph and Ghibelline parties struggled for control of that city, Umberto and Aldobrandino Aldobrandeschi tried to regain Grosseto for their family. The Sienese armies were, however, victorious, and in 1259 they named a podestà from their city. But Grosseto gained its freedom and in the following year and fought alongside the Florentine forces in the Battle of Montaperti . Over

2173-414: The raising and widening of the baths and its appendages: this phase witnessed the installation of mosaics in the baths and tablinum . Other changes affected the position of the columns and fountain peristyle, while the small laconicum was adorned with stucco decorations in high relief. The house underwent substantial transformation between the 4th to 7th centuries and in late antiquity a shop occupied

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2226-898: The title of capital of the new Maremma province. In 1943, the city was heavily bombed by the Allies . On 22 March 1944, the Maiano Lavacchio massacre took place into the countryside between Grosseto and Magliano in Toscana . In 2024, Grosseto was selected as the European Green Pioneer of Smart Tourism. This accolade, awarded by the European Commission , recognizes small, non-traditional, and emerging sustainable tourism destinations in Europe, with Grosseto being chosen ahead of 40 other cities. Grosseto has

2279-531: The top of the hill north of the city, the amphitheatre dates from the 1st century AD and is the only one known among Etruscan coastal towns. The earth removed to create the arena was probably used as a base for the banks of seating. The walls of opus reticulatum date from the early 1st century AD confirmed by the discovery of "sealed" Arretine ceramic . Inside the arena along the major axis, four stones aligned with regularly spaced holes were discovered that were probably used to divide with stage scenery. During

2332-457: The whole duchy to Cosimo I de Medici , first grand duke of Tuscany . In 1574 the construction of a line of defensive walls was begun, which are still well preserved today, while the surrounding swampy plain was drained. Grosseto, however, remained a minor town, with only 700 inhabitants at the beginning of the 18th century. Under the rule of the House of Lorraine, Grosseto flourished. It was given

2385-517: The year that, in summer, often taking place at night. The sports facility where are played the various races is the hippodrome Casalone , located in the south of the city, at the beginning of the road that leads to Principina a Mare . The city is also a major center for athletics: Stadio Carlo Zecchini has in fact hosted the European Junior Championships in 2001 and World Junior Championships in 2004. Grosseto in 2006

2438-534: Was a feud of the Aldobrandeschi and in 1213 belonged to Manto da Grosseto. In the 14th century, it then passed under the dominion of Siena, hosting many immigrants from Corsica , and so in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany . In 1738 it was reunited with the comune of Grosseto. Once being simply an appendix of Montepescali, Braccagni is seen today more independently as it is believed to be the nodal point of

2491-570: Was also the headquarters of the World Military Fencing Championships . The city is served by the Pisa-Livorno-Rome railway line connecting Genoa to the capital and serves as the terminus of trains on the single track branch line from Grosseto via Monte Antico to Siena, where it converges with a line from Chiusi and proceeds north to Empoli and Florence . Here is the list of railway stations in

2544-636: Was born in Santa Fiora , and director Umberto Lenzi in Massa Marittima , both in the province of Grosseto . Schiaccia alla pala ( oven-baked bread with oil) and Schiaccia con cipolle e acciughe (oven-baked bread with onions and anchovies) are typical breads of the city of Grosseto. Acquacotta is typical of Mount Amiata : it is a poor soup, and the main ingredients are artichokes , broccoli , cabbage , beans , borage , pisciacane ( dandelion ) and similar vegetables. The Maremmana cattle

2597-484: Was enlarged and restored, as well as enriched with three statues of Tiberius , Livia and Drusus Minor . During the Claudian era there was a partial destruction, perhaps due to a fire, followed by an immediate restoration. At the same time the house and its baths in the southern half became public rather than residential. In the late Hadrianic or Antonine era the structure was subjected to heavy restructuring with

2650-559: Was known as Aurinia , takes its name from the Roman god Saturn (or Saturnus) . Legend has it that he grew tired of the constant wars of humans, and sent a thunderbolt to earth that created a magic spring of warm sulphurous water which would pacify mankind. Dionysius of Halicarnassus lists Saturnia as one of the towns first occupied by the Pelasgi and then by the Etruscan civilization . A Roman colony arrived in 183 BC, but little

2703-422: Was located at the point of transition between the valley of Ombrone and the Maremma of Grosseto, on the shore of the ancient lake Prile (the ancient Lacus Prelius ). The ruins are about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Vetulonia and 8 kilometres (5 mi) northeast of Grosseto . They are situated on a hill with two summits, the higher of which is 194 metres (636 ft) above sea level . One summit

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2756-410: Was owned by the bishops of Roselle since 862. Marina di Grosseto is a famous tourist destination located 12 kilometres (7 mi) from Grosseto; it is an important seaside resort in Maremma . Once a fishing village, it is known for its hilly hinterland, rich in macchia and wide beaches overlooking the Tyrrhenian Sea , with a vast pine forest that extends from Punta Ala to Alberese. Montepescali

2809-403: Was transformed in the early Middle Ages into a Christian church dedicated to St. Sylvester from 765. On the north slopes of the hill the thermal complex of the Roman period is characterised by walls of opus reticulatum . The structure is divided into two sectors; the first area covers the northern section, almost rectangular the long sides facing east-west and centred on a bath while the second

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