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57-588: The municipality lies in Rhenish Hesse and is the second biggest Ortsgemeinde in the Verbandsgemeinde of Wörrstadt , whose seat is in the like-named municipality . It covers an area of 18.94 km and has a population of 7395 (31 December 2014). In 763, Saulheim had its first documentary mention, and is thereby one of the oldest places in Rhenish Hesse. The municipality of Saulheim

114-412: A characteristic smell. Some of the volatile organic compounds responsible for the smell are: Subjectively, the first two are the most pungent, while the last two (sulfur-oxidized) give a sweet aroma. A mixture of these compounds form a "reconstituted asparagus urine" odor. This was first investigated in 1891 by Marceli Nencki , who attributed the smell to methanethiol . These compounds originate in

171-501: A distinct species, A. prostratus Dumort . Asparagus was once classified in the lily family, as were the related Allium species onions and garlic . Genetic research currently places lilies, Allium , and asparagus in three separate families: the Liliaceae , Amaryllidaceae , and Asparagaceae , respectively. The latter two are part of the order Asparagales . The English word asparagus derives from classical Latin but

228-463: A large number of specialities, with Weck, Worscht un Woi , not least through the Mainz carnival , has achieved supra-regional fame. Rhine Hesse is the largest of 13 regions producing German wine . Outside Germany, it is best known as the home of Liebfraumilch . Most is made from white varieties such as Riesling , Silvaner , Müller-Thurgau , Kerner , and Scheurebe . The best-known white wine area

285-437: A lavishly carved room the following leisure activities are on offer: billiards , table football , table tennis , 4 Internet -access computers and a music library for both selecting and listening. For active musicians, a music and recording studio is available. Moreover, there is a Catholic Youth Group ( Katholische Jugendgruppe , unaccountably abbreviated KJS ). This group is made up of several "group leaders" who each take

342-560: A long list of crops that grew well in the American climate. The points d'amour ("love tips") were served as a delicacy to Madame de Pompadour (1721–1764). The effect of eating asparagus on urine excreted afterwards has long been observed: [Asparagus] cause a powerful and disagreeable smell in the urine, as everybody knows. asparagus... affects the urine with a foetid smell (especially if cut when they are white) and therefore have been suspected by some physicians as not friendly to

399-594: A pale Or the Long Stone of Saulheim of the field (see Cultural monuments below). One of Saulheim's peculiarities is the Sängerhalle – "Singers’ Hall" – built in 1904, which was endowed for his home village by Friedrich Weyerhäuser (1834–1914) who had emigrated to the United States and become successful in the lumber business there. Saint Bartholomew's Church ( Kirche St. Bartholomäus ) comes from

456-452: A peculiar odor when [they] pee after eating asparagus". This study pinpointed a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a cluster of olfactory genes associated with the ability to detect the odor. While this SNP did not explain all of the difference in detection between people, it provides support for the theory that genetic differences occur in olfactory receptors that lead people to be unable to smell these odorous compounds. The green crop

513-633: A premium price. The top asparagus importers (2016) were the United States (214,735 tonnes), followed by Germany (24,484 tonnes), and Canada (19,224 tonnes). China is by far the world's largest producer: in 2017 it produced 7,845,162 tonnes, followed by Peru with 383,098 tonnes and Mexico with 245,681 tonnes. U.S. production was concentrated in California , Michigan , and Washington . The annual production for white asparagus in Germany

570-528: A rose-like shape. The root system, often referred to as a 'crown', is adventitious ; the root type is fasciculated . The flowers are bell-shaped, greenish-white to yellowish, 4.5–6.5 mm ( 3 ⁄ 16 – 1 ⁄ 4  in) long, with six tepals partially fused together at the base; they are produced singly or in clusters of two or three in the junctions of the branchlets. It is usually dioecious , with male and female flowers on separate plants, but sometimes hermaphrodite flowers are found. The fruit

627-494: A small proportion of individuals do not produce asparagus urine, and amongst those that do, some cannot detect the odour due to a single-nucleotide polymorphism within a cluster of olfactory receptors . Debate exists about the universality of producing the sulfurous smell, as well as the ability to detect it. Originally, this was thought to be because some people digested asparagus differently from others, so some excreted odorous urine after eating asparagus, and others did not. In

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684-675: A turn staging a group session for youth between 9 and 15 years of age. Once a year, the KJS stages an Easter leisure activity at various self-catering houses. Current information about this can be found on the municipality's website. Besides the KJS, Saulheim has a chapter of the Catholic Rural Youth Movement Katholischen Landjugendbewegung (KLJB). Beyond group sessions, this offers two camps each year, one for children between 7 and 13, and another for youths between 14 and 16. As well,

741-486: A vegetable crop, its young shoots are used as a spring vegetable . Asparagus is an herbaceous , perennial plant growing to 100–150 centimetres (3–5 feet) tall, with stout stems with much-branched, feathery foliage. The 'leaves' are needle-like cladodes ( modified stems ) in the axils of scale leaves; they are 6–32 millimetres ( 1 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 inches) long and 1 mm ( 1 ⁄ 32  in) broad, and clustered in fours, up to 15, together, in

798-659: Is 57,000 tonnes (61% of consumer demand). When grown under tunnels , growers can extend the harvest season. In the UK, it is estimated that the asparagus harvest season can begin as early as mid-February and continue into late autumn by growing cold-resistant cultivars under heated polytunnels. Furthermore, late season harvests can be achieved using 'reverse season growth' where spears are left to fern between March–August and harvested in September–October. In Asia, an alternative approach to cultivating asparagus has been employed and

855-493: Is a good source of vitamin B 6 , calcium, magnesium, and zinc, and a very good source of dietary fibre , protein, beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamin, riboflavin, rutin , niacin , folic acid , iron, phosphorus, potassium , copper, manganese, and selenium, as well as chromium , a trace mineral that regulates the ability of insulin to transport glucose from the bloodstream into cells. The amino acid asparagine gets its name from asparagus, from which it

912-789: Is a region and a former government district ( Regierungsbezirk ) in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate . It is made up of territories west of the Upper Rhine river that were part of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor in the Weimar Republic , the People's State of Hesse from 1816 to 1945. The hilly countryside is largely devoted to vineyards, comprising the Rheinhessen wine region. Rhine Hesse stretches from

969-549: Is a small red berry 6–10 mm ( 1 ⁄ 4 – 13 ⁄ 32  in) in diameter, which is toxic to humans. Plants native to the western coasts of Europe (from northern Spain to northwest Germany , north Ireland , and Great Britain ) are treated as A. officinalis subsp. prostratus (Dumort.) Corb. , distinguished by its low-growing, often prostrate stems growing to only 30–70 cm (12–28 in) high, and shorter cladodes 2–18 mm ( 3 ⁄ 32 – 23 ⁄ 32  in) long. Some authors treat it as

1026-570: Is practised on a large scale. The region comprises the cities of Mainz – the Rhineland-Palatinate capital – and Worms , surrounded by the administrative districts of Mainz-Bingen and Alzey-Worms . Other towns include Bingen , Alzey , Nieder-Olm , Ingelheim , Nierstein , Oppenheim , and Osthofen . Many inhabitants commute to work in Mainz or Wiesbaden and Frankfurt in the neighbouring state of Hesse . The importance of

1083-526: Is referred to as 'Mother Stalk Method' where three to five stalks per plant are allowed to develop into fern, while harvesting adjacent spears. White asparagus is very popular in Europe and western Asia. White asparagus is the result of applying a blanching technique while the asparagus shoots are growing. To cultivate white asparagus, the shoots are covered with soil as they grow, i.e. earthed up ; without exposure to sunlight, no photosynthesis starts, and

1140-419: Is said to be a useful companion plant for tomatoes , as the tomato plant repels the asparagus beetle . Asparagus may repel some harmful root nematodes that affect tomato plants. The genome of the species has been sequenced as a model to study the evolution of sex chromosomes in plants and dioecy . Water makes up 93% of asparagus's composition. Asparagus is low in food energy and very low in sodium. It

1197-659: Is significant enough in California's Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta region that the city of Stockton holds a festival every year to celebrate it. Oceana County, Michigan , the self-proclaimed "asparagus capital of the world" hosts an annual festival complete with a parade and asparagus queen; The Vale of Evesham in Worcestershire is the largest producer within Northern Europe, celebrating with

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1254-478: Is the Rhine Terrace near Oppenheim and Nierstein . Some red varieties are grown, particularly around Ingelheim and Gundersheim , including Pinot noir , Blauer Portugieser , Dornfelder , and the recently established Regent . Asparagus Asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis ) is a perennial flowering plant species in the genus Asparagus native to Eurasia. Widely cultivated as

1311-538: The A ;63 between the Mainz and Alzey Autobahn crosses afford the municipality good highway links. As well as the Alzey–Mainz service , it is possible to ride the "Alsace Express" ( Elsass-Express ) on weekends and holidays to Wissembourg . The municipality has at its disposal five kindergartens . In the constituent community of Nieder-Saulheim is a primary school . It is not possible to attend secondary school in

1368-868: The Upper Rhine Plain on the west bank of the Rhine up to the Nahe and Alsenz rivers in the west and down to the mouth of the Isenach in the south. The region borders on the Rhineland in the northwest, on the Palatinate in the southwest, and on South Hesse beyond the Rhine. The Rhenish-Hessian Hills along the Selz river, also called the "land of the thousand hills", reach up to 358 m (1,175 ft) at

1425-438: The "asparagus urine" odour was not produced by all individuals and estimates as to the proportion of the population who are excretors (reporting a noticeable asparagus urine odour after eating asparagus) has ranged from about 40% to as high as 79%. When excretors are exposed to non-excretor urine after asparagus consumption, however, the characteristic asparagus urine odour is usually reported. More recent work has confirmed that

1482-476: The 14th century. Its foundation stone was laid in 1344. It was a successor building to a late mediaeval country church of the Bishop of Mainz. The Auferstehungsfenster ("Resurrection Windows") in the chancel were created by Alois Plum . At Raiffeisenplatz stands a figure of red sandstone in the shape of the legendary knight Hundt zu Saulheim ( Knightly Canton of Oberrhein), which was erected on 8 May 1987. It

1539-454: The 1980s, three studies from France, China, and Israel published results showing that producing odorous urine from asparagus was a common human characteristic. The Israeli study found that from their 307 subjects, all of those who could smell "asparagus urine" could detect it in the urine of anyone who had eaten asparagus, even if the person who produced it could not detect it. A 2010 study found variations in both production of odorous urine and

1596-497: The Ancient Greek word itself, meaning "gully, chasm," seems to be of Pre-Greek origin instead. In English, A. officinalis is widely known simply as "asparagus", or sometimes "garden asparagus". Asparagus was corrupted by folk etymology in some places to "sparrow grass"; indeed, John Walker wrote in 1791 that " Sparrowgrass is so general that asparagus has an air of stiffness and pedantry". The name 'sparrow grass'

1653-547: The Commercial Area II ( Gewerbegebiet II ) with its various shopping facilities is undergoing an expansion. In Saulheim is one of DHL ’s 33 postal freight centres found throughout Germany. It is the main handling depot for all air mail consignments (through Frankfurt Airport ) from southwest Germany. Saulheim lies on the railway from Alzey to Mainz and has half-hourly trains. Two interchanges on Landesstraße (State Road) 401 and an Autobahn interchange on

1710-625: The French style, asparagus is often boiled or steamed and served with Hollandaise sauce , white sauce , melted butter or most recently with olive oil and Parmesan cheese . Tall, narrow asparagus cooking pots allow the shoots to be steamed gently, their tips staying out of the water. During the German Spargelsaison or Spargelzeit ("asparagus season" or "asparagus time"), the asparagus season that traditionally finishes on 24 June, roadside stands and open-air markets sell about half of

1767-626: The Greek physician Galen , highly respected within Roman society, mentioned asparagus as a beneficial herb, but as dominance of the Roman empire waned, asparagus' medicinal value drew little attention until al-Nafzawi 's The Perfumed Garden . That piece of writing celebrates its purported aphrodisiacal power that the Indian Ananga Ranga attributes to "special phosphorus elements" that also counteract fatigue. By 1469, asparagus

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1824-579: The KLJB offers an autumn leisure activity during the autumn holiday at a self-catering house for participants between 11 and 15. Over the year are scattered even more, smaller events, such as daycare during Advent to relieve parents suffering from Christmas stress. Both cropgrowing and winegrowing are done in Saulheim. It has 6.8 km of vineyards . 24 km is given over to other agriculture , mainly grain , sugar beet and asparagus . Currently,

1881-786: The Rhine Hessian lands increased when they were allotted to King Louis the German by the 843 Treaty of Verdun . The region was part of the core territory of Rhenish Franconia . It comprised the Imperial Cathedrals of Worms and Mainz which were erected in the High Middle Ages . The Worms Synagogue and the Jewish Cemetery count among the oldest in Europe. Devastated by the Thirty Years' War ,

1938-407: The United States often serve asparagus stir-fried with chicken , shrimp , or beef . It may also be quickly grilled over charcoal or hardwood embers, and is also used as an ingredient in some stews and soups. Asparagus can also be pickled and stored for several years. Some brands label shoots prepared in this way as "marinated". Stem thickness indicates the age of the plant (and not the age of

1995-426: The ability to detect the odor, but that these were not tightly related. Most people are thought to produce the odorous compounds after eating asparagus, but the differing abilities of various individuals to detect the odor at increasing dilutions suggests a genetically determined specific sensitivity. In 2010, the company 23andMe published a genome-wide association study on whether participants have "ever noticed

2052-564: The annual British Asparagus Festival involving auctions of the best crop, an "Asparagus Run" modelled on the Beaujolais Run and a weekend "Asparafest" music festival. Many German cities hold an annual Spargelfest (asparagus festival) celebrating the harvest of white asparagus. Schwetzingen claims to be the "Asparagus Capital of the World", and during its festival, an Asparagus Queen is crowned. The Bavarian city of Nuremberg feasts

2109-894: The area became a patchwork of possessions of the Catholic Electorate of Mainz and the Prince-Bishopric of Worms as well as of the Protestant Electoral Palatinate . Rhine Hesse was occupied by the First French Republic in 1792, during the War of the First Coalition . At the Congress of Vienna in 1814–15, Grand Duke Louis I of Hesse was obliged to give up his Westphalian territories. In compensation, he received

2166-417: The asparagus as asparagusic acid and its derivatives, as these are the only sulfur-containing compounds unique to asparagus. As these are more present in young asparagus, this accords with the observation that the smell is more pronounced after eating young asparagus. The biological mechanism for the production of these compounds is less clear. The onset of the asparagus urine smell is remarkably rapid while

2223-481: The country's white asparagus consumption. In western Himalayan regions, such as Nepal and north-western India, wild asparagus is harvested as a seasonal vegetable delicacy known as kurilo or jhijhirkani . Asparagus has been used as a vegetable owing to its distinct flavor, and in medicine due to its diuretic properties and its purported function as an aphrodisiac . It is pictured as an offering on an Egyptian frieze dating to 3000 BC. In ancient times, it

2280-435: The decline is slower. The smell has been reported to be detectable 15 to 30 minutes after ingestion and subsides with a half-life of approximately four hours. Asparagus has been eaten and cultivated for at least two millennia but the association between odorous urine and asparagus consumption was not observed until the late 17th century when sulfur-rich fertilisers became common in agriculture. Small-scale studies noted that

2337-542: The disadvantage that the soil cannot be used for anything else. Some regions and gardening zones are better-suited for growing asparagus than others, such as the west coast of North America and other more maritime, “ Mediterranean ” environments. The fertility of the soil is a large factor. "Crowns" are planted in winter, and the first shoots appear in spring; the first pickings or "thinnings" are known as sprue asparagus. Sprue has thin stems. A breed of "early-season asparagus" that can be harvested two months earlier than usual

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2394-549: The district on the left bank of the Rhine. Because of this addition, he amended his title to Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine and the name of the region was created. In Allied-occupied Germany , the Rhine Hessian lands were incorporated as a district into the newly established state of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1946. Each region has developed its own cuisine dependent on geography, climate, soils, seasons and wealth. These vary from plain home cooking with simple dishes to culinary specialities for festive occasions. Rhine Hesse also has

2451-602: The kidneys; when they are older, and begin to ramify, they lose this quality; but then they are not so agreeable. A few Stems of Asparagus eaten, shall give our Urine a disagreeable Odour... Asparagus "...transforms my chamber-pot into a flask of perfume." Asparagus contains asparagusic acid. When the vegetable is digested, a group of volatile sulfur-containing compounds is produced. Certain compounds in asparagus are metabolized to yield ammonia and various sulfur -containing degradation products, including various thiols and thioesters , which following consumption give urine

2508-466: The moment they sprout from the ground. Green asparagus is eaten worldwide, and the availability of imports throughout the year has made it less of a delicacy than it once was. In Europe, according to one source, the "asparagus season is a highlight of the foodie calendar"; in the UK this traditionally begins on 23 April and ends on Midsummer Day. As in continental Europe, due to the short growing season and demand for local produce, asparagus commands

2565-440: The municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results: The municipality's arms might be described thus: Gules three moons increscent proper. These arms are the same ones formerly borne by Nieder-Saulheim before the merger in 1969. The other arms, shown at left, are Ober-Saulheim's old arms. They might be blazoned: Azure diapered on

2622-583: The municipality. That, however, is to be found in Wörrstadt (4 km away), Alzey (19 km), Nieder-Olm (3 km) and Mainz (18 km). A further educational institution at hand is the Volkshochschule Saulheim , a folk high school . Course offerings range from languages to health to creative design. Rhenish Hesse Rhenish Hesse or Rhine Hesse ( German : Rheinhessen , pronounced [ʁaɪnˈhɛsn̩] )

2679-611: The plant was once known in English as sperage , from the Medieval Latin sparagus . This term itself derives from the Ancient Greek : ἀσπάραγος - aspáragos , a variant of Ancient Greek : ἀσφάραγος - aspháragos . The Greek terms are of uncertain provenance; the former form admits the possibility of a Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to jerk, scatter," directly or via a Persian descendant meaning "twig, branch"; but

2736-467: The shoots remain white. Compared to green asparagus, the locally cultivated so-called "white gold" or "edible ivory" asparagus, also referred to as "the royal vegetable", is believed to be less bitter and much more tender. Freshness is very important, and the lower ends of white asparagus must be peeled before cooking or raw consumption. Only seasonally on the menu, asparagus dishes are advertised outside many restaurants, usually from late April to June. For

2793-558: The stalk), with the thicker stems coming from older plants. Older, thicker stalks can be woody, although peeling the skin at the base removes the tough layer. Peeled asparagus will poach much faster. The bottom portion of asparagus often contains sand and soil, so thorough cleaning is generally advised before cooking. Male plants tend to produce spears that are smaller and thinner, while female plants tend produce larger and thicker spears. Thickness and thinness are not an indication of tenderness or toughness. The stalks are thick or thin from

2850-657: The summit of the Kappelberg and about 330 m (1,080 ft) in Rhenish-Hessian Switzerland . The Mainz Basin , a Cenozoic marine basin , covered the area about 38 to 12 million years ago. The landscape is characterised by large Loess and Marl deposits. Due to the favourable climatic conditions of Rhenish Hesse, agriculture covers most of the region. As the Hunsrück and Taunus ranges protect it from cold winds, wine and fruit production

2907-540: Was also known in Syria and in the Iberian Peninsula. Greeks and Romans ate it fresh when in season, and dried the vegetable for use in winter. Emperor Augustus coined the expression "faster than cooking asparagus" for quick action. A recipe for cooking asparagus is given in one of the oldest surviving collections of recipes ( Apicius 's 1st century AD De re coquinaria , Book III). In the second century AD,

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2964-576: Was announced by a UK grower in early 2011. This variety does not need to lie dormant and blooms at 7 °C (45 °F), rather than the usual 9 °C (48 °F). Purple asparagus differs from its green and white counterparts in having high sugar and low fibre levels. Purple asparagus was originally developed in Italy, near the city of Albenga and commercialized under the variety name 'Violetto d' Albenga'. Purple asparagus can also turn green while being cooked due to its sensitivity to heat. Asparagus

3021-541: Was created by Melchior Gresser junior. On the L 401 state road overlooking Ober-Saulheim stands the menhir called the Langer Stein ("Long Stone"), which has stood since antiquity, and around which legends swirl. In its upper third was hewn a niche in which to set a Christian image. From its shape, the niche can be reckoned to the Late Gothic period. In Saulheim is found a public youth meeting centre. In

3078-616: Was cultivated in French monasteries. Asparagus appears to have been little noticed in England until 1538, and in Germany until 1542. Asparagus was brought to North America by European settlers at least as early as 1655. Adriaen van der Donck, a Dutch immigrant to New Netherland, mentions asparagus in his description of Dutch farming practices in the New World. Asparagus was grown by British immigrants as well; in 1685, one of William Penn's advertisements for Pennsylvania included asparagus in

3135-443: Was first isolated, as the asparagus plant is relatively rich in this compound. Only young asparagus shoots are commonly eaten: once the buds start to open ("ferning out"), the shoots quickly turn woody. The roots contain starch. The shoots are prepared and served in a number of ways around the world, typically as an appetizer or vegetable side dish. In Asian-style cooking, asparagus is often stir-fried . Cantonese restaurants in

3192-401: Was formed on 7 June 1969 from the two formerly autonomous municipalities of Nieder-Saulheim and Ober-Saulheim. Some two thirds of the population is Evangelical , while the other third, aside from a few non-religious people, is Catholic . Standing in the municipality are three church buildings, two Evangelical and one Catholic. The council is made up of 22 council members, who were elected at

3249-433: Was still in common use in rural East Anglia, England well into the twentieth century. Sources differ as to the plant's native range, but generally include most of Europe and western temperate Asia . Since asparagus often originates in maritime habitats, it thrives in soils that are too saline for normal weeds to grow. Thus, a little salt was traditionally used to suppress weeds in beds intended for asparagus; this has

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