The House of Savelli ( de Sabellis in documents) were a rich and influential Roman aristocratic family who rose to prominence in the 13th century, and which included several popes, senators and condottieri. They dominated the city in rivalry with the first generation of great Roman families, the Colonna , the Orsini , the Caetani and the Annibaldi , later being overshadowed by the emergence of the second generation represented by the Chigi , Borghese , Barberini , Doria Pamphili and Sforza Cesarini families.
27-506: Savelli may refer to: Savelli family Savelli (surname) Savelli, Calabria , a comune and town in southern Italy PalaSavelli , an indoor sporting arena in Porto San Giorgio, Italy Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Savelli . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
54-691: A cardinal (according to the traditional Latin proverb promoveatur ut amoveatur ). On 21 February 1794 Ruffo was created cardinal of the Roman deaconry of Sant'Angelo in Pescheria and charged with the administration of the Ager Romanus . He also announced Pope Leo XII 's election in the papal conclave of 1823. When in December 1798 the French troops advanced on Naples, Ruffo fled to Palermo with
81-702: A role responsible for the procurement of meat, fat, and oil. On 8 May 1817 he become Great Prior of the Order of Malta within the Pontifical State. From 29 March 1819 to 21 February 1820, he was Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church until his appointment in the Prefect of the Congregation for Water, Pontine Marshes and of Chiani . In March 1821, he came back to Naples, which was afflicted by
108-612: The rocca (castle) of Sabellum, near Albano , which had belonged to the counts of Tusculum before it passed to the Savelli. Early modern genealogies of the Savelli, such as the unpublished manuscript "eulogistic treatise" compiled by Onofrio Panvinio , drew connections to Pope Benedict II , a possible but undocumentable connection, and even to the cognomen Sabellius of Antiquity. They provided at least two popes: Cencio Savelli, Pope Honorius III (1216–1227) and Giacomo Savelli, Honorius IV (1285–1287). His father, Luca Savelli ,
135-668: The Parthenopean Republican government established by the French, and by June had advanced to Naples. Possibly exceeding his authority, he promised the Neapolitan republicans immunity from reprisals and obtained their surrender in June 1799. In the meantime Rear-Admiral Horatio Nelson , sent from Palermo by King Ferdinand, appeared in the Bay of Naples with his fleet; he called the cardinal to task for his leniency, and revoked
162-628: The Sanfedisti ). Ruffo was born at San Lucido , in Calabria Citra (today in province of Cosenza ), then part of the Kingdom of Naples . His father, Litterio Ruffo , was a Calabrian aristocrat, holder of the title of duke of Baranello , while his mother, Giustiniana, was of the Roman family of Colonna . Fabrizio owed his education to his uncle, cardinal Tommaso Ruffo , then dean of
189-522: The Second anti-French Coalition which defeated Naples on 15 June 1799. Ruffo appointed the member of the State juncta that processed the rebels for the crime of Lèse-majesté . While Ruffo was a personal confidant of the king of Naples , the queen preferred the admiral Horatio Nelson to him. On 24 June Ruffo arrived in the roadstead. The following day, when the first Jacobins were waiting to be boarded,
216-464: The College of Cardinals . In early life he secured the favour of Giovanni Angelo Braschi, who in 1775 became Pope Pius VI . Ruffo was placed by the pope among the chierici di camera , the clerks who formed the papal civil and financial service. He was later promoted to treasurer-general, a post which carried with it the ministry of war. Ruffo's conduct in office was diversely judged. Pietro Colletta ,
243-484: The English admiral informed that the pact of pacification partially enacted by the cardinal, was "infamous" and that he would never allow its execution. Eventually, an English official decided the destiny of the Neapolitan prisoners: they were entrusted to Bourbon justice and 124 of them were put to death. The campaign gave rise to much controversy among nineteenth-century historians. Ruffo appears to have lost favor with
270-532: The Giannuzzi Savelli ('Giannuzzi' adopted later on) represents descendants of Antonio Savelli of Rignano who moved to the Kingdom of Naples in 1421 to fight as a condottiero. This branch, in turn, is divided into two lines. The first line inherited the title of Prince of Cerenzia ( principe di Cerenzia ) in 1769 from Ippolita Rota, the mother of Ercole Giannuzzi Savelli of the barons of Pietramala who
297-719: The Roman Republic, on 11 August 1800 Ruffo entered in the Urbe and changed his cardinal diacony with the one of Santa Maria in Cosmedin. In 1801, after having been resigned from the role of general vicarious of the king of Naples, for a short time he filled the role of minister of Naples in Rome and then accepted the government of Joseph Bonaparte in the Neapolitan territory. In September 1805, he escaped in Amelia, Umbria , and then he
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#1732768684740324-506: The family left in Rome was Giulio Savelli, who died in 1712. By the 17th century, the Savelli had fallen on lean times. Castel Gandolfo had been relinquished under terms of Pope Clement VIII 's "bull of the barons" to the Papal treasury in return for a mere 150,000 scudi in 1596, and in 1650 Albano , with its princely title, was turned over to the Savalli family. A collateral branch,
351-672: The first places to be used for a massive enlistment of 25.000 farmers skilled to arms. They formed the Christian and Real Army, also known as Esercito della Santa Fede in Nostro Signore Gesù Cristo , and conquered Crotone moving to the Basilicata and Apulia regions ( Altamura and Modugno ), and finally in the Principato Ultra . At the head of his army, cardinal Ruffo participated to the battles of
378-472: The historian of Naples, speaks of him as corrupt, and Jomini repeats the charge, but these can be dismissed as part of a hostile tradition, as they both participated in favour of France. In fact, he was widely regarded as a reformer. Ruffo's biographer, Sachinelli, says that he incurred hostility by restricting the feudal powers of some of the landowners in the Papal States . In 1791 he was removed from
405-519: The king by showing a tendency to spare the republicans. He resigned the vicar-generalship, which he had been granted on 25 January 1800, to the prince of Cassero, and during the second French occupation and the reigns of Joseph Bonaparte and Joachim Murat he lived quietly in Naples. Some notice was taken of him by Napoleon , but he never held an important post. After the restoration of the Bourbons he
432-440: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Savelli&oldid=700085290 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Savelli family The family, who held the lordship of Palombara Sabina , took their name from
459-548: The popular rebellion against the Austrian military forces. On 27 June he chose the diacony of Santa Maria in Via Lata and held the title of Cardinal Protodeacon . In August 1823, Ruffo took part in the papal conclave which elected Pope Leo XII . At the end of the year, Ruffo went back to Naples. He died in Naples on 13 December 1827 and was buried in his familiar chapel, consecrated to Saint Catherine of Alexandria , within
486-511: The right to continue to publicly profess their religious functions. The emperor instituted a commission with the duty to formulate a brief indicating the conclusive decrees of the Council of Paris which was held in 1811. It was formed by Ruffo, Giuseppe Doria Pamphili and Aurelio Roverella. The main objective was to persuade Pope Pius VII , who was jailed in Savona , to counterfirm the act. It
513-549: The royal family. He was chosen to head a royalist movement in Calabria , where his family, though impoverished by debt, exercised large feudal powers. On 8 February 1799, he landed at La Cortona with a small following, and began to raise the so-called "army of the faith" in association with Michele Pezza, " Fra Diavolo ", and other brigand leaders. Backed by the Russian fleet of Admiral Ushakov , Ruffo had no difficulty in upsetting
540-491: The terms of surrender. The republicans, it was asserted, had surrendered under terms that were unclear. One of the main republican figures, former Admiral Francesco Caracciolo , was ignominiously executed on 30 June, and widespread reprisals and executions of other republican sympathizers in Naples followed. After having received the title of King's General Official, Ruffo weighed anchor from Palermo and landed in Calabria on February 8. His feuds of Scilla and Bagnara were
567-545: The treasurership, but was created cardinal on 2 September, though he was not in orders and in fact never became a priest. Ruffo went to Naples, where he was named administrator of the royal domain of Caserta , and received the abbey of Santa Sofia, Benevento in commendam . On account of the equity of his fiscal norms he made an enemy of the Roman aristocracy, which put pressure upon the Pontiff. In 1791, Pope Pius VI removed Mgr. Ruffo from his office and offered to create him
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#1732768684740594-510: The year of the beginning and end of his pontificate: In parentheses the year of nomination as a cardinal: Cardinal Ruffo Cardinal-Deacon of Sant'Angelo in Pescheria (1794–1800) Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin (1800–1821) Fabrizio Dionigi Ruffo (16 September 1744 – 13 December 1827) was an Italian cardinal and politician, who led the popular anti- Jacobin Sanfedismo movement (whose members were known as
621-754: Was a Roman senator and sacked the Lateran in 1234. Luca's decision to side with Emperor Frederick II against Honorius III's successor, Gregory, brought various material benefits to the family, including some fiefs in the Sabina region . Honorius' brother, Pandolfo Savelli , was the podestà of Viterbo in 1275. Later members include the condottieri Silvio and Antonello Savelli . Savelli Cardinals include Giovanni Battista Savelli (1471 in pectore , 1480); Giacomo Savelli (1539); Silvio Savelli (1596); Giulio Savelli (1615); Fabrizio Savelli (1647); Paolo Savelli (1664); and Domenico Savelli (1853). The last member of
648-612: Was a favour to the French emperor, who decorated him with the Cross of the Legion of Honour . In May 1814, Ruffo returned to Rome where the population and the College of Cardinals received him with indifference, so that he decided to move to Naples and to establish himself there. On 8 February 1815 Pope Pius VII recalled Ruffo to Rome and appointed him Prefect of the Annona and of Grascia,
675-573: Was hoised for a second time by Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and his court in Palermo , who appointed him as ambassador at the Parisian court. On 2 April 1810 Ruffo was present at his marriage with the duchess Marie Louise of Austria . After this gesture, he become part of the so-called "red cardinals", a restricted circle of high prelates who weren't punished by the French emperor and got
702-581: Was last of her house. Members of this line included the republican patriot Luigi Giannuzzi Savelli of the Princes of Cerenzia who was shot 3 April 1799 by orders of Cardinal Ruffo . During the 20th century, this line of the Princes of Cerenzia extinguished in the House of Paternò who assumed its titles. The second line, of the Barons of Pietramala and Patricians of Cosenza is still flourishing today. In brackets
729-532: Was received into favor. During the revolutionary troubles of 1822 he was consulted by the king, and was even in office for a very short time as a loyalist minister. After the conquest of Naples, Ruffo decided to send some military companies within the Roman Republic , led by the general Gian Battista Rodio. This represented the first act of invasion of the Republican State. After the defeat of
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