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37-590: The plant was under construction for many years, slowed by the Great Depression. Its construction was approved in 1930 and the plant began operation in 1947. Water is drawn from a crib in Lake Michigan that has an intake about 20–30 feet below the surface of the lake and is then drawn through a tunnel below the lake bed to the treatment plant, and then put through several steps to filter suspended particles and add chemicals including chlorine to disinfect

74-401: A catastrophic collapse, while others guaranteed that collapse was not possible. Portions of the tunnel did in fact collapse. City lawyers soon filed suit against the engineers and contractors. The suit charged that the engineers, Alvord, Burdick & Howson, were negligent for advising the city that it was safe to drain the tunnels. It also charged that Luedtke Engineering Co., of Michigan, did

111-664: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Water cribs in Chicago The water cribs in Chicago are structures built to house and protect offshore water intakes used to supply the City of Chicago with drinking water from Lake Michigan . Water is collected and transported through tunnels located close to 200 feet (61 m) beneath the lake, varying in shape from circular to oval, and ranging in diameter from 10 to 20 feet (3.0 to 6.1 m). The tunnels lead from

148-401: Is located approximately two miles east of Montrose Point. Work on the 90-foot (27 m) diameter crib began in 1915 and was completed May 1, 1918 after a delay to correct an out-of-plumb structure due to settling. The superstructure is rough-hewn granite block atop a steel caisson enclosing a 40 feet (12 m) diameter inner well chamber. Originally supplying eight miles of water tunnels,

185-540: Is the only person to be elected both Mayor of Chicago and Governor of Illinois. He also served as a judge of the Illinois circuit court for Cook County from 1892 to 1905. Born in 1853, in Watertown, Connecticut , he was the son of an ardent Irish nationalist , Patrick William (P. W.) Dunne (1832–1921), who emigrated to America in 1849 after the failed Young Ireland revolt . His mother, Delia Mary (Mary) Lawlor,

222-510: The Century of Progress World's Fair of Chicago of 1933-34. At the time he was 80 years old. He took great joy in this position and joked that he had served as mayor, governor and as a federal commissioner (and, thus, had served at all levels of government). In his later years, Dunne lived with his oldest daughter, Eileen and her family. He died in Chicago on May 24, 1937, aged 83. He was surrounded by three of his nine children when he died. He

259-756: The City of Chicago renamed the South Water Purification Plant to the Sawyer Water Purification Plant to honor the former Mayor Eugene Sawyer . The water filtration plant is located at 3300 E. Cheltenham Place on the South Side along the lake near Rainbow Beach Park. This plant and the Jardine Water Purification Plant supply the water for the City of Chicago and many surrounding suburbs that purchase their drinking water from

296-765: The Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco . After that trip, the Liberty Bell returned to Pennsylvania and will not be moved again. After finishing his term as governor, Dunne remained politically active. In 1921, he helped found an organization called the "National Unity Council" to combat the Ku Klux Klan . "In view of the fact that the Ku Klux Klan has adopted the weapon of mass action, it

333-517: The water cribs to Pumping Stations located onshore, then to water purification plants Jardine Water Purification Plant (the world's largest) and the Sawyer Water Purification Plant (operating since 1947), where the water is then treated before being pumped to all parts of the city as well as 118 suburbs. The city has had nine permanent cribs of which six are still standing and two are in active use. The Two-Mile Crib

370-693: The "equipment of burglar masks and implements of violence." In 1919, Dunne was appointed by the Irish Race Convention to serve on the American Commission on Irish Independence . As part of this commission, Dunne traveled to the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 in order to voice Irish-American desires for an independent Irish nation. During his stay in Europe, he also visited Ireland itself. He spent ten days touring

407-462: The City of Chicago, about 1 billion gallons a day. The city of Chicago has voted for a major renovation of the filtration plant in 2020. The work is estimated at $ 74.5 million, and will include restoration of the roof of the 1941 building and a 1964 addition. 41°45′25″N 87°32′42″W  /  41.75694°N 87.54500°W  / 41.75694; -87.54500 This Chicago -related article

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444-620: The Democratic Party primary election held on April 9 of that year. The main thrust of his campaign attack was on what he called "Jackpot Government". In the general election, Dunne defeated the incumbent governor, Governor Charles S. Deneen in the fall of 1912. Dunne and the Democrats benefited from the split in the ranks of the Republican Party which divided by supporters of the incumbent President William Howard Taft and

481-616: The Jardine Water Purification Plant and a 10-foot (3.0 m) diameter tunnel to the South Water Purification Plant (later renamed to the Eugene Sawyer Water Purification Plant). The crib was equipped with a navigational warning light atop a steel-skeleton lighthouse and a fog bell that tolled every 12 seconds when needed. The Edward F. Dunne Crib was built in 1909. Named after Chicago Mayor Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne , who

518-638: The Mayor". After Darrow resigned from this role in November 1905, in 1906 Dunne appointed Walter L. Fisher as his replacement. As Mayor, Dunne was instrumental in reducing the price of gasoline in Chicago from $ 1.00 to 85 cents, and of water from 10 cents to 7 cents per thousand gallons. He was also a strong proponent of municipal ownership of public utilities . Dunne was defeated in his bid for reelection in 1907 by Republican Fred A. Busse . A 1994 survey of experts on Chicago politics saw Dunne ranked as

555-804: The Progressives who supported the third party candidacy of Theodore Roosevelt. He was inaugurated as Governor of Illinois on February 3, 1913. He moved his family to the Illinois Governor's Mansion in Springfield, Illinois . As governor, he met with many visitors and guests. Former U.S. President Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt was a visitor at the Illinois Governor's Mansion while Dunne was governor. As governor Dunne championed numerous progressive reforms, including Women's Suffrage , prison reforms, major infrastructural improvements,

592-581: The Two-Mile Crib in 1900, which was later replaced by the William E. Dever Crib built alongside it in 1935. Due to an increasing demand for water, the Harrison Crib continued in service until 1997. In 1998 the tunnels leading from the Harrison Crib to shore were drained for inspection, a process that was surrounded by controversy. Some experts feared that pumping the tunnels dry would result in

629-781: The activities of the Fenians . P. W. Dunne was a prosperous businessman, active in both Irish and American politics. He raised money for the Fenians, gave generously of his own funds, and frequently hosted Irish politicians, political exiles, and rebels in his home when they traveled to Chicago. P. W. Dunne served on the Peoria City Council in the 1860s and was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives. After Dunne graduated from high school in Peoria in 1871, he

666-418: The city. The final tally was 161,189 votes for Dunne and 138,671 given to Harlan. His election was greeted with jubilation by social reformers throughout the nation. He was formally inaugurated on April 10, 1905 in the council of chambers in Chicago. At the annual Jefferson Day banquet held shortly after his inauguration, he was praised by William Jennings Bryan and Mayor Tom L. Johnson as a dynamic new leader of

703-626: The construction of the tunnel to the Edward F. Dunne Crib, a temporary crib known as the Intermediate Crib was built along the tunnel route, 7,500 feet (2,300 m) from shore. On the morning of January 20, 1909, a fire broke out on the Intermediate Crib in a wooden barracks which housed tunnel workers. Approximately 70 men perished in the fire or drowned attempting to escape it. Survivors took refuge on floating cakes of ice and were rescued by boat. The Carter H. Harrison Crib replaced

740-739: The creation of the Public Utility Commission, the Efficiency and Economy Commission, the Legislative Reference Bureau, and he also expanded the state's responsibility for overseeing workman's compensation benefits and teachers' pensions. In 1913, Governor Dunne signed into law a bill that gave women in the State of Illinois the right to vote for President of the United States. This made Illinois

777-413: The crib has since been designated as a standby crib and is scheduled for demolition in the city's 2015-19 Capital Improvement Program. Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne (October 12, 1853 – May 24, 1937) was an American politician , lawyer, and jurist who was the 38th mayor of Chicago from 1905 to 1907 and the 24th Governor of Illinois from 1913 to 1917. Dunne

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814-540: The first state east of the Mississippi to give women the right to vote for the U.S. Presidency. This was six years before the passage of the 19th Amendment . In November 1915, Dunne designated state Senator Stephen D. Canady of Hillsboro to appear as his representative on the train car along with the Liberty Bell as it passed through southern Illinois on its nationwide tour returning to Pennsylvania from

851-635: The island and meeting with politicians including members of the First Dáil on May 9, 1919. Dunne returned once again to practicing law after leaving office in 1917. His legal practice was damaged by the ravages of the Great Depression , but he supplemented this work with a position as counsel to the Cook County Board of Election Commissioners. After the death of his wife on May 25, 1928, Dunne began contemplating his memoirs. He

888-413: The national movement for reform. The primary issue which Dunne had campaigned upon, and the primary issue he would focus on as mayor, was the city's traction issue , for which he sternly favored having a solution which would result in immediate municipal ownership of the city's streetcar lines. As his primary assistant, Dunne chose Clarence Darrow , who was given the title of "Special Traction Counsel to

925-411: The tenth-best mayor in the city's history up to that point. After his mayoralty ended on April 15, 1907, Dunne returned to his legal practice. Dunne was narrowly defeated in the 1911 Democratic mayoral primary by another former Chicago mayor, Carter H. Harrison II, who went on to regain the Mayor's office. Dunne formally announced his candidacy for Governor of Illinois on January 17, 1912. He won

962-496: The water. This system relies on pumps, not on gravity flow, to move the clean water. Two main cribs are about 2.5 miles away from the shore. The 68th Street / Dunne cribs feed water to this filtration plant. This plant was the largest filtration plant in the world until Chicago completed its second filtration plant, the Central plant (now called the Jardine Water Purification Plant ) was completed in 1964. On September 19, 2016,

999-466: The winter, who helped to stop the formation of ice. In 1932, the Bureau of Lighthouses reported that a submarine cable had been laid and two rooms had been added on to the crib. The 68th Street Crib was built in 1892 two miles offshore from the eastern end of 68th Street. A cement hexagon-shaped crib with a brick structure atop, it originally supplied two tunnels, a 20-foot (6.1 m) diameter tunnel to

1036-614: The work in a way that caused the collapse. As a result, the city spent $ 5.3 million to fill in a portion of the tunnel under Lake Shore Drive to prevent a possible additional collapse. The water intake tunnel leads to the Central Park Avenue Pumping Station. The Harrison-Dever crib has weather monitoring instruments and is used by the National Weather Service Chicago office for Lake Michigan forecasts. The Wilson Avenue Crib

1073-697: Was constructed as part of a scheme by Ellis S. Chesbrough in 1865, to help with the purification of the water because of damage caused by the city dumping sewage into the lake. Construction of the crib began in May 1864, miners and workers worked 24 hours a day and six days a week. The total completion of the project was in March 1867 and cost the city $ 380,784. Purified water was pumped to the Chicago Avenue Pumping Station which still stands to this day on North Michigan Avenue. The Four-Mile Crib

1110-632: Was convinced by the Lewis Publishing Co. to write a history of Illinois. Over a five-year period he worked on this project with close help from William L. Sullivan, who had been his private secretary when he was governor. In 1933, he published a five (5) volume set titled: Illinois, the Heart of the Nation . President Franklin Roosevelt appointed Dunne to be a United States Commissioner for

1147-665: Was elected judge of Cook County Circuit Court and served from 1892 to 1905. During his judgeship, he was also elected the first president of the Irish Fellowship Club of Chicago in 1901. He had played a key role in the formation of this organization. Dunne resigned his judgeship to run for mayor in January 1905, winning election on April 4, 1905 , beating the Republican John Maynard Harlan . Dunne won with majorities in 22 of 35 wards in

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1184-400: Was in office at the time crib plans were approved, the 110-foot (34 m) diameter circular crib stands in 32 feet (9.8 m) of water and houses a 60-foot (18 m) diameter interior well connected to two new tunnels. The Dunne Crib is situated 50 feet (15 m) from the 68th Street Crib and accessible by a steel footbridge, allowing one set of keepers to service both cribs. During

1221-811: Was jointly run by Northwestern University and the Old University of Chicago ), where his family had settled in 1877. He graduated from the Union College of Law in 1878. He married Elizabeth F. Kelly, the daughter of Edward F. Kelly, a Chicago businessman, and his wife, Kitty Howe Kelly, on August 16, 1881. Following his marriage he started a prosperous legal practice. The Dunnes had thirteen children, with nine of them surviving into adulthood. His children included: Eileen Dunne Corboy, Mona T. Leonard, Maurice Dunne, Richard Dunne, Jeanette Dunne, Edward F. Dunne, Jr., Geraldine Dunne, Eugene Dunne, and Judge Robert Jerome "Duke" Dunne. In 1892, at age 28, Dunne

1258-469: Was our desire to organize a society which shall develop harmony and good feeling between different classes, rather than enmity," Mr. Dunne said today. "Invitations were sent to many prominent church, political, business and welfare men, and the replies are coming in now...." The Ku Klux Klan, which maintains an office here under the name of the "Southern Publicity Bureau" was called "a menace to this and any community" by former Governor Dunne in their adoption of

1295-469: Was put into service in 1891 to help with the problem of getting uncontaminated water to Chicago and various neighborhoods. To deal with this, a new crib was built even farther than the Two-Mile Crib. The brick alone cost $ 472,890.93, but the total project cost was $ 1,526,143.68. This crib was special, as there was a steam heating plant installed in 1898. This kept the crib at a temperature of 70 °F (21 °C) and allowed plant workers to reside there during

1332-499: Was sent to Ireland to attend Trinity College in Dublin . His father wanted his son to be educated at the alma mater of Irish patriot, Robert Emmet . Among his classmates was the author Oscar Wilde . Dunne did extremely well at Trinity, but was forced to leave one year short of graduation, after his father suffered a financial setback. Dunne returned to Illinois, and finished his education at Union College of Law in Chicago (that

1369-551: Was the daughter of a prosperous Irish contractor , and participant in the Irish Rebellion of 1798 , who helped construct the docks of Galway . The family moved to Peoria, Illinois in 1855 while Dunne was still an infant, and he was educated there in the public schools. Dunne had three sisters. His father refused to send his son to the local Catholic academy, because the Catholic Church had spoken out against

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