Eva Saxl (1921–2002) was a self-taught manufacturer of insulin and an advocate for people with Type 1 diabetes . Saxl was born in Prague , Czechoslovakia .
22-597: Saxl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Eva Saxl (born 1921), Czech diabetes advocate Erwin Saxl (1904–1981), American physicist and inventor Fritz Saxl (1890–1948), Austrian art historian Jan Saxl (1948–2020), Czech-British mathematician Michael V. Saxl , American lawyer and politician See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Saxl Sexl Sax (surname) [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
44-414: A master's degree in physiological chemistry. This interest in chemistry, along with his aunt's recent diagnosis of diabetes, led him to an interest in diabetes and metabolic disease. From the beginning of his medical practice he kept a diabetes registry, the first of its kind in the world. His carefully assembled data from his medical ledgers eventually allowed him to predict a global diabetes epidemic that
66-484: A program to help train nurses to supervise the rigorous diet program. Joslin was an educator at heart and advocated total immersion of his patients and families in classroom education. He felt that careful monitoring of diabetes that rendered good control would allow the patient to avoid chronic complications of diabetes along with prevention of acute acidosis. Joslin included the findings from 1,000 of his own cases in his 1916 monograph The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus ,
88-612: A result of tainted insulin. The Saxls left Shanghai after World War II and emigrated to the United States. Eva and Elliott P. Joslin , MD, founder of today's Joslin Diabetes Center in Boston , Massachusetts , befriended each other, and soon Dr. Joslin began inviting Eva to give lectures to groups of children and diabetes organizations. She became the first vocal spokesperson for Type 1 diabetes . Her husband worked for
110-865: A team that evolved into the Joslin Clinic, which was affiliated with the New England Deaconess Hospital and the Harvard Medical School. Joslin's associates were chosen to expand his interests in foot salvage for the middle aged diabetic prone to peripheral vascular disease as well as group education for diabetics in the hospital setting. This later expanded to include the first nurse educator service and children's diabetic camps. His proteges, including Alexander Marble and Priscilla White , followed his mandate to investigate problems in diabetes and metabolism. Marble became Joslin's first research director, and White created
132-606: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Eva Saxl In 1940, during World War II , she and her husband, Victor Saxl, fled to Shanghai , China . In Shanghai, a year later, Saxl was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes . When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941 the Japanese occupation of China was tightened, and soon all the pharmacies in Shanghai were closed. Saxl had no legal access to insulin . It
154-460: Is evident today. In 1908, in conjunction with physiologist Francis G. Benedict , Joslin carried out extensive metabolic balance studies examining fasting and feeding in patients with varying severities of diabetes. His findings would help to validate the observations of Frederick Madison Allen regarding the benefit of carbohydrate- and calorie-restricted diets. The patients were admitted to units at New England Deaconess Hospital, helping to initiate
176-612: The Jewish ghetto where they were living, many other people with type 1 diabetes were also in dire need of insulin. Eva gave her insulin to two boys in a nearby hospital who were in diabetic comas . With a successful batch of homemade insulin, the Saxls began production of insulin for all people with Type 1 diabetes in the Shanghai Ghetto. In all, over 200 people survived between 1941 and 1945 and there were no fatalities reported as
198-659: The United Nations . In 1968, Victor Saxl died and Eva moved to Santiago , Chile, to live with her brother, her only living relative. There she would remain vigilant as an advocate for people with Type 1 diabetes. Eva Saxl died in 2002 in Santiago. The Saxls' story was dramatized by the 1956–1958 CBS television show Telephone Time in an episode titled "Time Bomb". Elliott P. Joslin Elliott Proctor Joslin (June 6, 1869 – January 28, 1962)
220-409: The pancreases of dogs, calves, and cows in 1921. A Chinese chemist lent them a small laboratory in the basement of a municipal building, where they attempted to extract insulin from pancreata of water buffaloes . After much work, they finally produced a brown-coloured insulin. The insulin was tested on rabbits starved for twenty-four hours and then divided into two groups. One group was injected with
242-405: The surname Saxl . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saxl&oldid=1240344774 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
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#1732801328106264-496: The Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health Service that diabetes was an epidemic, and challenged the government to do a study in his hometown, Oxford, Massachusetts. The study was started in 1946 and soon confirmed the true incidence of diabetes in the general population (including a percentage of cases that went undetected). The study was carried out over the next 20 years. The results would later confirm Joslin's fear that
286-457: The dean of diabetes mellitus. In the mid-1920s, Joslin, in his mid-50s, took the reins as the world spokesman for the "cause of diabetes." He was the first to advocate for teaching patients to care for their own diabetes, an approach now commonly referred to as DSME or Diabetes Self-Management Education. He is also a recognized pioneer in glucose management, identifying that tight glucose control leads to fewer and less extreme complications. Joslin
308-415: The extracted mix, and the other with Eva's insulin. Without equipment to test the rabbits’ urine or blood, the best way Victor could test the potency of the insulin was to see if the rabbits experienced the same hypoglycaemic shock as the other rabbits. After testing the insulin on rabbits for more than a year, Eva was running out of conventional insulin and cautiously tried it on herself-–and it worked. In
330-437: The first "high risk" pregnancy clinic aimed at improving outcomes for infants and the insulin-dependent woman during pregnancy and at delivery. The first hospital blood glucose monitoring system for pre-meal testing was developed under Joslin's direction before 1940 and was the forerunner of the modern glucometer era. Joslin was also the first to name diabetes a serious public health issue. Just after WWII, he expressed concern to
352-554: The first textbook on diabetes in the English language. Here he noted a 20 percent decrease in the mortality of patients after instituting a program of diet and exercise. This physician's handbook had 10 more editions in his lifetime and established Joslin as a world leader in diabetes. Two years later, Joslin wrote Diabetic Manual — for the Doctor and Patient , detailing what patients could do to take control of their disease. This
374-572: The incidence of diabetes in the United States was approaching epidemic proportions. He has been named as being, with Frederick Madison Allen , one of the two leading diabetologists from the pre-Insulin period between 1910 and 1920. In 1952, Joslin's group practice became officially known as the Joslin Clinic . In 1956, the office moved to its current location at One Joslin Place in Boston. It
396-616: Was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1912 and the American Philosophical Society in 1925. Elliott Joslin was born to wealthy parents in 1869 in Oxford, Massachusetts , where his father was a mill owner. He was educated at Leicester Academy , Yale College and Harvard Medical School . After graduating from Yale, Elliott Joslin extended his time at the university by enrolling in
418-435: Was possible to buy insulin on the black market using one-ounce gold bars for payment. But that was not the safest option; one of Eva's friends died from using the black market insulin. Eventually, Victor and Eva decided to get insulin another—highly unconventional—way: make it themselves. The book "Beckman's Internal Medicine" described the methods that Frederick Banting and Charles Best first used to extract insulin from
440-711: Was the first diabetes patient handbook and became a best seller. There have been 14 editions of this pioneering handbook, and a version is still published today by the Joslin Diabetes Center under the title The Joslin Guide to Diabetes. When insulin became available as therapy in 1922, Joslin's corps of nurses became the forerunners of certified diabetes educators, providing instruction in diet, exercise, foot care and insulin dosing, and established camps for children with diabetes throughout New England. With insulin available, Joslin enlarged his medical practice into
462-521: Was the first medical doctor in the United States to specialize in diabetes and was the founder of the present-day Joslin Diabetes Center in Boston , Massachusetts. Joslin was involved for seven decades in most aspects of diabetes investigation and treatment, save for the fact that he did not discover insulin . Following the Toronto group's blockbuster discovery of insulin in 1921, and the group's disbanding several years later, Joslin became effectively
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#1732801328106484-491: Was the world's first diabetes care facility, and today maintains its place as the largest diabetes clinic in the world. Joslin was adamant in his position that good glucose control, achieved through a low-carbohydrate diet, exercise, and frequent testing and insulin adjustment, would prevent complications. This was debated for decades by other endocrinologists and scientists. The opposing point of view, led by Edward Tolstoi , held that tight control had little long-term effect, but
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