Sayula Popoluca , also called Sayultec , is a Mixe language spoken by around 5,000 indigenous people in and around the town of Sayula de Alemán in the southern part of the state of Veracruz , Mexico . Almost all published research on the language has been the work of Lawrence E. Clark of the Summer Institute of Linguistics. More recent studies of Sayula Popoluca have been conducted by Dennis Holt (lexico-semantics) and Richard A. Rhodes (morphology and syntax), but few of their findings have been published.
8-609: Popoluca is the Castilian alteration of the Nahuatl word popoloca , meaning 'barbarians' or 'people speaking a foreign language'. In Mexico, the name Popoluca is a traditional name for various Mixe-Zoquean languages , and the name Popoloca is a traditional name for a totally unrelated language belonging to the Oto-Manguean languages . Natively it is known as yamay ajw 'local language' or tʉcmay-ajw 'language of
16-471: Is also reflected in the form of the plural marker. In the case in which a higher ranking singular acts on a lower ranking plural, the plural marker is - kʉš -, elsewhere the plural is as in the singular, - ka -. An example paradigm is given below: subj Inversion affects he allomorphy of both the person marking and the aspect marking (Clark (1961:195) with the result that the inverse forms have no distinct dependent form. subj This article related to
24-525: Is marked by the allomorphy of the aspect markers, as shown in the following paradigm. Sayula Popoluca marks agreement in transitive clause in an inverse system (Tatsumi, 2013). Speech Act Participants (SAP) 1EXCL, 1INCL, and 2 outrank 3. There is a separate system in which a topical 3rd person (PROXIMATE) outranks a non-topical 3rd person (OBVIATIVE). The pattern of person marking is given in Table I (adapted from Tatsumi, 2013:88). Table I The inverse system
32-699: The Indigenous languages of the Americas is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Popoluca Popoluca is a Nahuatl term for various indigenous peoples of southeastern Veracruz and Oaxaca . Many of them (about 30,000 ) speak languages of the Mixe–Zoque family . Others speak the unrelated Mazatecan languages , in which case the name in English and Spanish is generally spelled Popoloca . The Mixe–Zoque languages called Popoluca are, Among
40-529: The Oto-Manguean languages , there are, The Xincan languages have also historically been referred to as Popoluca. The reason for the terms' widespread usage for naming indigenous languages is that they are derogatory words from the Nahuatl language, meaning "to speak unintelligibly" or "babble". When the Spanish invaders asked their Nahuatl-speaking allies what language was spoken in a particular locality,
48-550: The Nahuas would reply "popoloca" meaning in essence "not Nahuatl". The Nahuas used the term "popolōca" much in the same way the Greek used the term " barbaros ", also meaning "gibberish", to refer to non-Greek speaking strangers. The name however stuck to many languages and has caused some confusion even among linguists working with Native American languages. This confusion prompted some kind of distinction between Popoluca languages and
56-420: The home'. /s/ is only found in Spanish loans. Sayula vowels are short, long, and broken (i.e. glottalized, represented here as Vʔ). There are two systems of orthography in the published literature. The orthography of Clark (1983) is used here. Sayula Popoluca verbs are inflected for person and number of subject and object, for aspect, and for the difference between independent and dependent. Dependency
64-543: The spelling "Popoluca" with an "u" became used for certain Mixe–Zoque languages , while the spelling "Popoloca" with an "o" became used for certain languages of the Popolocan family of Oto-Manguean languages . Note that the name "Popolocan" is also used by linguists to refer to these languages, which include varieties of Mazatec . In Nicaragua , the Nahua-speaking Nicarao used the term "Popoluca" for
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