Pier Andrea Saccardo (23 April 1845 in Treviso , Treviso – 12 February 1920 in Padua ) was an Italian botanist and mycologist . He was also the author of a color classification system that he called Chromotaxia . He was elected to the Linnean Society in 1916 as a foreign member. His multi-volume Sylloge Fungorum was one of the first attempts to produce a comprehensive treatise on the fungi which made use of the spore-bearing structures for classification.
17-550: Pier Andrea Saccardo (23 April 1845 in Treviso, Treviso – 12 February 1920 in Padua ) was an Italian botanist and mycologist. Pietro Saccardo (Venice, September 28, 1830 – Chirignago, November 19, 1903) was an Italian architect. Tim Saccardo is a comedy writer and producer. Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
34-426: A color scale in 1894, for standardizing color naming of plant descriptions. Indispensable in the history of mycology is his master work Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum (Padua 1882–90, in nine volumes) followed by the 1931 edition in 25 volumes. He had a son, Domenico Saccardo (1872–1952) and a daughter. The lichenologist Francesco Saccardo (1869–1896) was his nephew. His son-in-law Alessandro Trotter
51-407: A doctorate in 1867 and in the same year married Eleonora Zava. He became an Assistant to Roberto de Visiani (1800-1878) an Italian botanist, naturalist and scholar. Then in 1869, he became a professor of Natural History in Padua. In 1876 he established the mycological journal Michelia which published many of his early mycological papers. In 1879 he became a professor of Botany and director of
68-499: A multiracial norm reference card. This card showed three women (Caucasian, Asian, African) with different skin colors and brightly contrasted clothing. A similar cinematic calibration technique is known as the China Girl . The ColorChecker , first produced as the "Macbeth ColorChecker" in 1976, is a cardboard-framed arrangement of twenty-four squares of painted samples based on Munsell colors. Its previous maker Gretag–Macbeth
85-447: A quantitative color value. Because paints and inks depend for their color on pigments and dyes , a reference is needed to match specific combinations of coloring substances in a given matrix against the resulting color. One of the earliest attempts to achieve this goal was the 1692 manuscript Klaer Lightende Spiegel der Verfkonst . It presented a range of watercolor mixtures, but remained relatively unknown, because only one manuscript
102-431: Is still the only work of this kind that was both comprehensive for the botanical kingdom Fungi and reasonably modern. Saccardo also developed a system for classifying the imperfect fungi by spore color and form, which became the primary system used before classification by DNA analysis . Saccardo was the most prolific author of fungal species, having formally described 6052 species in his lifetime. Saccardo proposed
119-485: The botanical gardens of the university until 1915. He accumulated around 70,000 fungal specimens encompassing over 18,500 different species for his herbarium now stored at the university. Saccardo edited two exsiccata series, namely Muschi Trevigiani dissecti / Bryotheca Tarvisina (1864) and Mycotheca Veneta, sistens fungos Venetos exsiccatos (1875-1881). Saccardo's scientific activity focused almost entirely on mycology . He wrote his first book in 1864 (when he
136-512: The color rendering index , where reflectance from a set of Munsell samples are evaluated. Shirley cards are color reference cards that are used to perform skin-color balance in still photography printing. The industry standard for these cards in North American photography labs in the 1940s and 1950s depicted a solitary "Caucasian" female dressed in brightly colored clothes. Very few of these color reference cards showed an adult male as
153-435: The color reproduction of an imaging system, and calibration and/or profiling of digital input devices such as digital cameras, and scanners and output display systems like printers, monitors and projectors. They are also used by traditional photographers and cinematographers to calibrate cameras that use film and to check the color temperature of the lighting. Color reference cards can also be used to assess light quality, as in
170-822: The naming of colors of plant specimens. Color charts can take custom forms, as for example the calibration target used by the Curiosity rover for its Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI). The European Pharmacopoeia monograph 2.2.2 is a method to determine the degree of coloration in liquids, applied to pharmacological compounds, drug substances and finished product. It consist in 3 stock solutions, yellow, red, and blue. These are prepared by dissolving in hydrochloride acid ferric chloride, cobalt chloride, or copper sulfate, respectively. The stock solutions are then used in different proportions to prepare five standard solutions, termed B (brown), BY (brownish-yellow), Y (yellow), GY (greenish-yellow), and R (red). Results are given by observation of
187-489: The reference image. Light skin tones therefore served as the recognized skin ideal standard. Stock color film chemistry for still cameras was designed originally with a positive bias toward "Caucasian" skin tones because of its high level of reflectivity. By the mid-1990s, Japanese companies redesigned their Shirley cards using data from their own color preference tests. The new reference card featured Japanese women with light, East Asian skin tones. In 1995, Kodak designed
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#1732775257830204-449: The test material against the standard solutions, and expressed as less intensely colored as the next color standard (for example, "color of solution colorless to slightly brown-yellow liquid, <BY4"). This method has been updated in Ph.Eur. release version 10 to include a digital method that eliminates the errors inherent in visual methods due to differences in human perception, while providing
221-463: The title Saccardo . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saccardo&oldid=838763021 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pier Andrea Saccardo Saccardo
238-554: Was 19 years old), Flora Montellica: an introduction to the flora Trevigiana . In 1872, he published Mycologiae Venetae Specimen , in which he described some 1200 fungi species. He published over 140 papers on the Deuteromycota (imperfect mushrooms) and the Pyrenomycetes . He was most famous for his Sylloge , begun in 1882, which was a comprehensive list of all of the names that had been used for mushrooms . Sylloge
255-666: Was acquired in 2006 by X-Rite . A ColorChecker chart can be used to manually adjust color parameters (e.g. color temperature) to achieve a desired color rendition. ColorChecker charts are available in different sizes and forms. Standardized IT8 charts (also called IT8 targets) are made by several companies including Coloraid.de, FujiFilm , Kodak , LaserSoft Imaging . Unlike ColorChecker charts, IT8 charts are supplied with measurement values and can be used to create ICC color profiles by software (e.g. for digital cameras) to create reproducible color management . Pier Andrea Saccardo proposed this "chromotaxy scale" in 1894, to standardize
272-759: Was born in the wine growing region of Selva di Montello to Elena Vidotto and engineer Francesco di Selva. He studied at gymnasium of the Venice seminary, the Lyceum in Venice , and then at the Technical Institute of the University of Padua from 1864. Even at the age of fourteen, he had already put together a herbarium and had made collections of the insects of Treviso. He visited the Kew gardens in 1862. He received
289-606: Was involved in the posthumous completion of several of volumes of the Sylloge fungorum . Saccardo was honoured in the naming of various genera and species; Color chart A color chart or color reference card is a flat, physical object that has many different color samples present. They can be available as a single-page chart, or in the form of swatchbooks or color-matching fans. Typically there are two different types of color charts: Color reference charts are used for color comparisons and measurements such as checking
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