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49-2082: Sacchi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include: Ada Sacchi Simonetta (1874–1944), Italian librarian and women's rights activist Andrea Sacchi (1599–1661), Italian Baroque painter Antonio Sacchi (died 1694), Italian Baroque painter Antonio Sacchi (died 1694), Italian painter of the Baroque period Arrigo Sacchi (born 1946), Italian footballer and manager Bartolomeo Sacchi (1421–1481), known as Bartolomeo Platina, Italian Renaissance humanist writer and gastronomist Bruno Sacchi (1931-2011), Italian architect and collaborator of Giovanni Michelucci Carlo Sacchi (1617–1706), Italian Baroque painter Chiara Sacchi (born 2002), Argentine climate activist Donatella Sacchi (born 1959), Italian gymnast Enzo Sacchi (1926–1988), Italian cyclist Ettore Sacchi (1851–1924), Italian lawyer and politician Fabio Sacchi (born 1974), Italian cyclist Fabrizia Sacchi (born 1971), Italian actress Federico Sacchi (1936–2023), Argentine footballer Floraleda Sacchi (born 1978), Italian musician Francesca Sacchi Tommasi , independent Italian art dealer Franco Sacchi , Italian filmmaker and editor Gasparo Sacchi , Italian Renaissance painter Giuseppe Sacchi , Italian Baroque painter Louise Sacchi (1913–1997), American aviator and writer Luca Sacchi (born 1968), Italian swimmer, nephew of Mara Luigi Sacchi (1805–1861), Italian painter, wood engraver and photographer Mara Sacchi (born 1948), Italian swimmer Marietta Sacchi , Italian opera singer Massimo Sacchi (born 1950), Italian former swimmer Nicoletta Sacchi (born 1949), Italian professor of oncology Pier Francesco Sacchi , Italian Renaissance painter Renato Sacchi (1928–2020), Italian former sports shooter Robert Sacchi (1932–2021), American actor Tommaso Sacchi (born 1983), Italian politician [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with

98-462: A World Heritage Site . Mantua's historic power and influence under the Gonzaga family between 1328 and 1708 made it one of the main artistic, cultural , and especially musical hubs of Northern Italy and of Italy as a whole. It had one of the most splendid courts of Europe of the fifteenth, sixteenth, and early seventeenth centuries. Mantua is noted for its significant role in the history of opera ;

147-423: A coup d'état on the last Bonacolsi ruler, Rinaldo. Ludovico Gonzaga, who had been Podestà of Mantua since 1318, was duly elected Capitano del popolo . The Gonzagas built new walls with five gates and renovated the city in the 14th century; however, the political situation did not settle until the third ruler of Gonzaga, Ludovico III Gonzaga , who eliminated his relatives and centralised power to himself. During

196-441: A defensive water ring around the city, dried up at the end of the 18th century. The area and its environs are important not only in naturalistic terms, but also anthropologically and historically; research has highlighted a number of human settlements scattered between Barche di Solferino and Bande di Cavriana , Castellaro and Isolone del Mincio. These dated, without interruption, from Neolithic times (5th–4th millennium BC) to

245-486: A library in every town. At this meeting, the association founded by Sacchi voted to merge with state libraries in a new association. In 1929, Sacchi attended the "First World Congress of Libraries and Bibliography," at which the new Italian Library Association was launched (officially in 1930). Sacchi contributed a paper Cataloging and the Possibility of Consulting University Theses , in which she outlined her vision for

294-590: A statue at the lakeside park "Piazza Virgiliana". Mantua is surrounded on three sides by artificial lakes , created during the 12th century as the city's defence system. These lakes receive water from the River Mincio , a tributary of the River Po , which descends from Lake Garda . The three lakes are called Lago Superiore , Lago di Mezzo , and Lago Inferiore ("Upper", "Middle", and "Lower" Lakes, respectively). A fourth lake, Lake Pajolo, which once served as

343-572: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Ada Sacchi Simonetta Ada Sacchi was born on 19 April 1874, in Mantua , Italy, to Achille Sacchi and Elena Casati. She was the youngest of 10 children. After Elena Casati died in 1882, English writer and philanthropist Jessie White Mario became a maternal figure for Sacchi. Sacchi graduated from high school in 1890 and moved to Genoa , where she finished her studies and graduated from college in 1898. With her sisters Maria and Stella, Sacchi

392-593: Is nonetheless outstanding, with many of Mantua's patrician and ecclesiastical buildings being uniquely important examples of Italian architecture. By car, Mantova can be reached on the A4 (Milan-Venice) Highway up to Verona, then the A22 ( Brennero - Modena ) Highway. Alternatively, the city can be reached from Milan on the State Road 415 (Milan-Cremona) to Cremona and from there State Road 10 (Cremona-Mantova), or from Verona on

441-550: Is south of Verona , east of Cremona , north-east of Parma , northwest of Ferrara , and west-southwest of Padua . Mantua was an island settlement which was first established about the year 2000 BC on the banks of River Mincio , which flows from Lake Garda to the Adriatic Sea . In the 6th century BC, Mantua was an Etruscan village which, in the Etruscan tradition, was re-founded by Ocnus . The name may derive from

490-577: The Bronze Age (2nd–1st millennium BC) and the Gallic phases (2nd–1st centuries BC), and ended with Roman residential settlements, which can be traced to the 3rd century AD. In 2017, Legambiente ranked Mantua as the best Italian city for quality of life and environment. Mantua lies in the east of the region of Lombardy , halfway between Milan and Venice , on the River Mincio . It

539-708: The Frankish Empire . Partitions of the empire (due to the Franks' use of partible inheritance ) in the Treaties of Verdun and Prüm led to Mantua passing to Middle Francia in 843, then the Kingdom of Italy in 855. In 962 Italy was invaded by King Otto I of Germany , and Mantua thus became a vassal of the newly formed Holy Roman Empire . In the 11th century, Mantua became a possession of Boniface of Canossa , marquis of Tuscany . The last ruler of that family

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588-711: The Ghibellines , Pinamonte Bonacolsi took advantage of the chaotic situation to seize power of the podesteria in 1273. He was declared the Captain General of the People . The Bonacolsi family ruled Mantua for the next two generations and made it more prosperous and artistically beautiful. On 16 August 1328 Luigi Gonzaga, an official in Bonacolsi's podesteria, and his family staged a public revolt in Mantua and forced

637-585: The Gonzaga-Nevers , a cadet French branch of the family. The War of the Mantuan Succession broke out, and in 1630 an Imperial army of 36,000 mercenaries under Matthias Gallas and Johann von Aldringen besieged and sacked Mantua, bringing the plague with them. Ferdinand Carlo IV , an inept ruler, whose only interest was in holding parties and theatrical shows, allied with France in the War of

686-559: The Turks . Under Ludovico and his heirs, the famous Renaissance painter Andrea Mantegna worked in Mantua as court painter, producing some of his most outstanding works. The first Duke of Mantua was Federico II Gonzaga , who acquired the title from the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1530. Federico commissioned Giulio Romano to build the famous Palazzo Te , on the periphery of the city, and profoundly improved

735-478: The province of the same name . In 2016, Mantua was designated as the "Italian Capital of Culture". In 2017, it was named as the "European Capital of Gastronomy", included in the Eastern Lombardy District (together with the cities of Bergamo , Brescia , and Cremona ). In 2008, Mantua's centro storico (old town) and the nearby comune of Sabbioneta were declared by UNESCO to be

784-608: The surname Sacchi . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sacchi&oldid=1236961052 " Categories : Surnames Italian-language surnames Surnames of Italian origin Surnames of Argentine origin Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

833-647: The Austrian Duchy of Mantua briefly united with the Duchy of Milan until 1791. On 4 June 1796 during the War of the First Coalition , Mantua was besieged by Napoleon Bonaparte 's French army. The first Austrian attempt to break the siege was successful and the siege was abandoned on 1 August. The Austrian army was defeated at the Battle of Castiglione on 5 August and left the area. The French resumed

882-530: The Etruscan god Mantus . After being conquered by the Cenomani , a Gallic tribe, Mantua was subsequently fought between the first and second Punic wars against the Romans , who attributed its name to Manto , a daughter of Tiresias . This territory was later populated by veteran soldiers of Augustus . Mantua's most famous ancient citizen is the poet Virgil , or Publius Vergilius Maro ( Mantua me genuit ), who

931-681: The Italian Renaissance, the Gonzaga family softened their despotic rule and further raised the level of culture and refinement in Mantua. Mantua became a significant center of Renaissance art and humanism. Marquis Gianfrancesco Gonzaga had brought Vittorino da Feltre to Mantua in 1423 to open his famous humanist school, the Casa Giocosa. Isabella d'Este , Marchioness of Mantua, married Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua in 1490. When she moved to Mantua from Ferrara (she

980-866: The Kingdom of Venetia (including the capital city, Venice ). Mantua reconnected with the region of Lombardy and was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy . During World War II , in November 1943, Nazi Germany relocated the Stalag 337 prisoner-of-war camp from Leśna in German-occupied Poland to Mantua. The camp was dissolved in February 1944, and in April 1944 the Dulag 339 transit camp for British, Italian, American, French, Greek and Yugoslav POWs

1029-928: The Spanish Succession . After the French defeat, he took refuge in Venice and carried with him a thousand pictures. At his death in 1708, the Duke of Mantua was declared deposed and his family of Gonzaga lost Mantua forever in favour of the Habsburgs of Austria. Under Austrian rule, Mantua enjoyed a revival and during this period the Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters and Arts, the Scientific Theatre, and numerous palaces were built. In 1786, ten years before Napoleon Bonaparte 's campaign of Europe,

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1078-487: The State Road 62. Mantova railway station , opened in 1873, lies on the train routes of Milan - Codogno - Cremona -Mantua and Verona -Mantua- Modena . The station is a terminus for three regional lines, to Cremona and Milan , to Monselice , and to Verona Porta Nuova and Modena . Trenitalia operates a daily high-speed connection with Rome . The closest airport is Verona-Villafranca Airport. The direct shuttle bus service running to and from Mantova railway station

1127-534: The State and Public and Provincial Libraries and Museums with Regard to their Operation." In this speech, she repeated the importance of one state body to be in charge of these cultural institutions. In 1928, she delivered a speech at the Second National Congress of Public and Provincial Librarians and Museum and Archive Directors, "Rules and Operation of Public Libraries," reaffirming the request for

1176-416: The association suspended its activities because of World War I , although in 1917, they succeeded in getting an exemption for paying postal fees for sending books between libraries. During World War I, Sacchi created little libraries for wounded soldiers in the Mantua hospital. In 1917, 6,000 books were distributed, and the library was opened in the evenings for those soldiers convalescing in Mantua, outside of

1225-514: The city is also known for its architectural treasures and artifacts, elegant palaces, and the medieval and Renaissance cityscape. It is the city where the composer Monteverdi premiered his 1607 opera L'Orfeo and to where Romeo was banished in Shakespeare 's 1597 play Romeo and Juliet . It is the nearest town to the birthplace of the Roman classical poet Virgil , who is commemorated by

1274-406: The city. In the late 16th century, Claudio Monteverdi came to Mantua from his native Cremona. He worked for the court of Vincenzo I Gonzaga , first as a singer and violist, then as music director, marrying the court singer Claudia Cattaneo in 1599. In 1627, the direct line of the Gonzaga family came to an end with the vicious and weak Vincenzo II , and Mantua slowly declined under the new rulers,

1323-577: The course of River Mincio, creating what the Mantuans call "the four lakes" to reinforce the city's natural protection. Three of these lakes still remain today and the fourth one, which ran through the centre of town, was reclaimed during the 18th century. From 1215, the city was ruled under the podesteria of the Guelph poet-statesman Rambertino Buvalelli . During the struggle between the Guelphs and

1372-588: The difficult conditions for libraries in Italy, Sacchi decided that it was time to start an organization for public libraries, in order to broaden the debate about the future of the Italian public library system and advocate for equitable compensation from town governments. She sent a letter to 120 public library directors across the country, calling for the formation of such an organization, and in June 1911, Sacchi convened

1421-404: The establishment of schools of library science, and greater collaboration between schools and libraries. She also came out against the creation of school libraries, saying that she did not feel like they were effective. Although Sacchi did not attend the annual meeting of the association in 1925, due to poor health, the association's president Giuseppe Agnelli read her speech on "Relations between

1470-490: The first national meeting of public libraries. The National Association for Library and Town and Provincial Museum Officials was formed, and Sacchi became the first president. One of the first acts of the organization was to send to local governments an analysis of the current environment for public libraries in Italy, noting the lack of library personnel, and advocating for libraries to be considered vital for education. They also demanded more financial support. In December 1915,

1519-486: The free circulation of research to support scientific progress. She argued that theses authored by students remained in "the cemeteries of the University Archives," and she wanted to make them available at university libraries by creating national thesis indices, which could then be distributed to all provincial libraries, creating international exchanges. Both Sacchi and her sister Beatrice were involved in

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1568-476: The hospital. In 1920, Sacchi resigned from her position as president of the association, although she continued to remain active in the organization. In 1923, Sacchi authored an article in Il Popolo d'Italia , "The State of Public Libraries in Italy," in which she reaffirmed the needs of Italian libraries: a reorganization of the whole library system, administrative autonomy for libraries in provincial capitals,

1617-656: The insurrection in the County of Tyrol against Napoleon. After the brief period of French rule, Mantua returned to Austria in 1814, becoming one of the Quadrilatero fortress cities in northern Italy. Under the Congress of Vienna (1815) , Mantua became a province in the Austrian Empire's Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia . Agitation against Austria, however, culminated in a revolt which lasted from 1851 to 1855, but it

1666-411: The library, and, around 1909, a card catalog that the public could consult themselves. She also proposed creating a popular section of the library in 1909, although this proposal was ignored until 1912. Throughout all of her efforts, Sacchi found that the town government showed disinterest in and a lack of support for her work. She was also paid less than the male vice-director at her library. Driven by

1715-478: The library, and, in 1935, she was dismissed from her position as president of FISEDD. In 1939, Sacchi and her family moved to Niteròi , Brazil, where she died in 1944. Mantua Mantua ( / ˈ m æ n tj u ə / MAN -tew-ə ; Italian : Mantova [ˈmantova] ; Lombard and Latin : Mantua ) is a comune (municipality) in the Italian region of Lombardy , and capital of

1764-466: The more scientific feminism of Rome, where Sacchi's sister Beatrice was active. In 1917, the two groups diverged, when the group from Mantua, with Sacchi at the head, disassociated itself from the official pro-suffrage platform of the Association, opposing extending the vote for women because they thought that, in the pre-war period, Italian women's neutrality might lead the country into war. Sacchi

1813-552: The siege on August 27 and accepted surrender of the city on 2 February 1797. The city was recaptured by the Austrians in the War of the Second Coalition after a siege lasting from 8 April to 28 July 1799. Later, the city again passed into Napoleon's control and became a part of Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy. In 1810 Andreas Hofer was shot by Porta Giulia, a gate of the town at Borgo di Porto (Cittadella) for leading

1862-532: The tradition of the Italian Risorgimento , opening it up to more people. She sought to increase the number of readers, books read, loans, and new purchases. By the end of 1902, Sacchi had increased the number of readers to 6,509, from 2,918 in 1900; the number of books read at the library to 7,862 from 3,695; and the number of loans to 843 from 425. Sacchi introduced operational innovations, such as Sunday hours in 1903, which brought in more laborers to

1911-614: The women's rights movement. In 1909, Sacchi founded the Mantuan chapter of the Association for the Woman, which advocated for suffrage, the abolition of prostitution, divorce, and careers for women. She also started an evening school for women, an evening sewing school, a school for nurses, and other initiatives for women and children. Thanks to Sacchi's efforts, Mantua became a center for pragmatic feminism in Lombardy, sometimes at odds with

1960-521: Was a vociferous collector and such was her reputation that Niccolò da Corregio called her 'la prima donna del mondo'. Through a payment of 120,000 golden florins in 1433, Gianfrancesco I was appointed Marquis of Mantua by the Emperor Sigismund , whose niece Barbara of Brandenburg married his son, Ludovico. In 1459, Pope Pius II held the Council of Mantua to proclaim a crusade against

2009-795: Was born in the year 70 BC at a village near the city which is now known as Virgilio. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire at the hands of Odoacer in 476 AD, Mantua was, along with the rest of Italy, conquered by the Ostrogoths . It was retaken by the Eastern Roman Empire in the middle of the 6th century following the Gothic war but was subsequently lost again to the Lombards . They were in turn conquered by Charlemagne in 774, thus incorporating Mantua into

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2058-478: Was canceled on 1 January 2015. Public connection is now provided by the airport bus running to and from Verona Porta Nuova railway station, and the Verona-Mantova railway line. Local bus services, urbano (within the city area and suburbs) and interurbano (within the surrounding towns and villages) are provided by APAM. Since local government political reorganization in 1993, Mantua has been governed by

2107-522: Was ceded to France, who transferred Lombardy to Piedmont-Sardinia in return for Nice and Savoy . Mantua, although a constituent province of Lombardy, still remained under the Austrian Empire along with Venetia. In 1866, Prussia-led North German Confederation sided with the newly established, Piedmont-led Kingdom of Italy against the Austrian Empire in the Third Italian War of Independence . The quick defeat of Austria led to its withdrawal of

2156-419: Was established in its place, and remained operational until April 1945. The Gonzagas protected the arts and culture, and were hosts to several important artists such as Leone Battista Alberti , Andrea Mantegna , Giulio Romano , Donatello , Peter Paul Rubens , Pisanello , Domenico Fetti , Luca Fancelli and Nicolò Sebregondi. Though many of the masterworks have been dispersed, the cultural value of Mantua

2205-676: Was finally suppressed by the Austrian army. One of the most famous episodes of the Italian Risorgimento took place in the valley of the Belfiore, where a group of rebels was hanged by the Austrians. At the Battle of Solferino ( Second Italian War of Independence ) in 1859, the House of Savoy 's Piedmont-Sardinia sided with the French Emperor Napoleon III against the Austrian Empire. Following Austria's defeat, Lombardy

2254-565: Was one of the first 257 female college graduates in Italy. In 1899, Sacchi married teacher Quintavalle Simonetta. They had three children: Bono (1903–1992), Elena (1905), and Alberto (1907–1910). Until 1902, Sacchi worked as a teacher in Modena and Mantova . On 11 January 1902 Sacchi became the head of the public library and municipal museums in Mantua, a position she held until 1925. Through her work in libraries, Sacchi wanted to make what had previously been an elite institution more democratic, in

2303-696: Was one of the twelve Italian delegates at the Ninth Congress of the International Women Suffrage Alliance , held in Rome in 1923. In 1928, she became president of the Italian Federation for Women's Suffrage and Civil and Political Rights (FISEDD), the Italian section of IWSA. During the regime of Benito Mussolini , Sacchi did not become a member of the fascist party. As a result, she was forced to resign from

2352-528: Was the countess Matilda of Canossa (d. 1115), who, according to legend, ordered the construction of the precious Rotonda di San Lorenzo (or St. Lawrence's Roundchurch) in 1082. The Rotonda still exists today and was renovated in 2013. After the death of Matilda of Canossa, Mantua became a free commune and strenuously defended itself from the influence of the Holy Roman Empire during the 12th and 13th centuries. In 1198, Alberto Pitentino altered

2401-600: Was the daughter of Duke Ercole the ruler of Ferrara ) she created her famous studiolo firstly in Castello di San Giorgio for which she commissioned paintings from Mantegna , Perugino and Lorenzo Costa . She later moved her studiolo to the Corte Vecchia and commissioned two paintings from Correggio to join the five from Castello di San Giorgio. It was unusual for a woman to have a studiolo in 15th century Italy given they were regarded as masculine spaces. Isabella

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