Alveolar ( / æ l ˈ v iː ə l ər / ; UK also / æ l v i ˈ oʊ l ər / ) consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge , which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the upper teeth. Alveolar consonants may be articulated with the tip of the tongue (the apical consonants ), as in English , or with the flat of the tongue just above the tip (the "blade" of the tongue; called laminal consonants ), as in French and Spanish .
15-566: The Sagole Baobab (also Sagole Big Tree , Venda : Muri kunguluwa , lit. 'tree that roars', or Muvhuyu wa Makhadzi ) is a Champion Tree and the largest baobab tree ( Adansonia digitata ) in South Africa . It is located east from Tshipise , in Vendaland , Limpopo Province and has a trunk diameter of 10.8 metres (35 ft), circumference of 32.89 metres (107.9 ft). It would take 18–20 people to encircle
30-530: A lateral alveolar approximant /l/ . (Samoan words written with t and n are pronounced with [k] and [ŋ] in colloquial speech.) In Standard Hawaiian , [t] is an allophone of /k/ , but /l/ and /n/ exist. In labioalveolars, the lower lip contacts the alveolar ridge. Such sounds are typically the result of a severe overbite. In the Extensions to the IPA for disordered speech, they are transcribed with
45-514: A crown diameter of 38.2 metres (125 ft). A breeding colony of mottled spinetails ( Telacanthura ussheri ) are resident in the tree. Venda language Venḓa or Tshivenḓa is a Bantu language and an official language of South Africa and Zimbabwe . It is mainly spoken by the Venda people (or Vhavenḓa) in the northern part of South Africa's Limpopo province , as well as by some Lemba people in South Africa . The Tshivenda language
60-412: A specified tone, HIGH , with unmarked syllables having a low tone. Phonetic falling tone occurs only in sequences of more than one vowel or on the penultimate syllable if the vowel is long. Tone patterns exist independently of the consonants and vowels of a word and so they are word tones . Venda tone also follows Meeussen's rule : when a word beginning with a high tone is preceded by that high tone,
75-412: Is a sibilant and the latter is not. [s̠] differs from postalveolar [ʃ] in being unpalatalized. The bare letters [s, t, n, l] , etc. cannot be assumed to specifically represent alveolars. The language may not make such distinctions, such that two or more coronal places of articulation are found allophonically , or the transcription may simply be too broad to distinguish dental from alveolar. If it
90-481: Is necessary to specify a consonant as alveolar, a diacritic from the Extended IPA may be used: [s͇, t͇, n͇, l͇] , etc. , though that could also mean extra-retracted. The letters ⟨s, t, n, l⟩ are frequently called 'alveolar', and the language examples below are all alveolar sounds. (The Extended IPA diacritic was devised for speech pathology and is frequently used to mean "alveolarized", as in
105-950: Is related to the Kalanga language which is spoken in Southern Africa . During the apartheid era of South Africa, the Bantustan of Venda was set up to cover the Venda speakers of South Africa . According to the 2011 census , Venda speakers are concentrated in the following areas: Makhado Local Municipality , with 350,000 people; Thulamela Local Municipality , with 370,000 people; Musina Local Municipality , with 35,000 people; and Mutale Local Municipality , with 89,000 people. The total number of speakers in Vhembe district currently stands at 844,000. In Gauteng province , there are 275,000 Venda speakers. Fewer than 10,000 are spread across
120-482: The "plain" stops p, ṱ, t, and k are ejective . There are five vowel sounds and two high vowels in Tshivenḓa. A labiodental nasal /ɱ/ sound appears in prenasalised consonant sounds. Labiovelar sounds occur as alternatives to labiopalatal sounds and may also be pronounced /pkʰ pkʼ bɡ mŋ/ . Fortition of /ɸ β s ʃ x h l̪ l r w/ occurs after nasal prefixes, likely to [pʰ? b tsʰ tʃʰ kʰ? pʰ d̪ d d b] . Venda has
135-634: The South of the country but also spread to other towns and cities. There is also a significant number of them in neighbouring South Africa where they are migrant workers . The Venda language uses the Latin alphabet with five additional accented letters. There are four dental consonants with a circumflex accent below the letter ( ḓ, ḽ, ṋ, ṱ ) and an overdot for velar ṅ . Five vowel letters are used to write seven vowels. The letters C, J and Q are used only for foreign words and names. The extra letters have
150-409: The alveolar consonants. Rather, the same symbol is used for all coronal places of articulation that are not palatalized like English palato-alveolar sh , or retroflex . To disambiguate, the bridge ( [s̪, t̪, n̪, l̪] , etc. ) may be used for a dental consonant, or the under-bar ( [s̠, t̠, n̠, l̠] , etc. ) may be used for the postalveolars . [s̪] differs from dental [θ] in that the former
165-547: The following Unicode names: The sintu writing system Isibheqe Sohlamvu/ Ditema tsa Dinoko , known technically in Venda as Luṱhofunḓeraru lwa Mibvumo , is also used for the Venda language. Venda distinguishes dental ṱ, ṱh, ḓ, ṋ, ḽ from alveolar t, th, d, n, l as well as (like in Ewe ) labiodental f, v from bilabial fh, vh (the last two are slightly rounded ). There are no clicks. As in other South African languages like Zulu , ph, ṱh, th, kh are aspirated and
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#1732801367764180-445: The initial high tone is lost. (That is, there cannot be two adjacent marked high tones in a word, but high tone spreads allophonically to a following non-tonic ("low"-tone) syllable.) There are only a few tone patterns in Venda words (no tone, a single high tone on some syllable, two non-adjacent high tones), which behave as follows: Alveolar consonant The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) does not have separate symbols for
195-588: The labioalveolar sounds [p͇, b͇, m͇, f͇, v͇] , where the lower lip contacts the alveolar ridge.) Alveolar consonants are transcribed in the IPA as follows: There are no languages that have no alveolars at all. The alveolar or dental consonants [t] and [n] are, along with [k] , the most common consonants in human languages. Nonetheless, there are a few languages that lack them. A few languages on Bougainville Island and around Puget Sound , such as Makah , lack nasals and therefore [n] but have [t] . Colloquial Samoan , however, lacks both [t] and [n] but has
210-606: The rest of the country—for a total number of Venda speakers in South Africa at 1.2 million people or just 2.2% of South Africa's population, making Venda speakers the second smallest minority language in South Africa, after the Ndebele language , which number 1.1 million speakers. The population statistics of the Venda people in Zimbabwe are not clear but may currently stand at a million. The people are concentrated in
225-458: The tree with open hands. To view the tree, there is an entrance fee of R 50 per adult and R 25 per child. This became the stoutest tree in South Africa after two other large baobabs, the Glencoe and Sunland Baobabs , collapsed in 2009 and 2016 respectively. The Sagole Baobab has the largest size and retains the appearance of a single tree. It is 20.5 metres (67 ft) high with
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