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71-678: Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville is an off-island suburb of Montreal , in southwestern Quebec , Canada, on the south bank of the Saint Lawrence River just east of Montreal . It lies on the west flank of Mont Saint-Bruno , one of the Monteregian Hills . The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 26,273. The city is well known to Montrealers and its neighbouring population for Mont Saint-Bruno, location to both Mont-Saint-Bruno National Park and Ski Mont Saint-Bruno ,

142-610: A basic understanding of French before becoming citizens of Quebec. (Note that there are no official citizens of Quebec ; residents of Quebec are citizens of Canada.) Further to her desire to protect French in Quebec, during Marois' visit to France in October 2012, she recommended that the "French elite" conduct themselves only in French on the international scene. However, some of Marois' international critics scoffed at her pretension that

213-572: A brief to the reasonable accommodation commission on minorities, which conducted hearings across the province. The commission briefing looked to reformulate the relations between Quebec's francophone and minority populations. Its task was to be a platform for the PQ's protectionism of French. Marois stated there is nothing dogmatic in Francophones wishing to declare their existence even if it includes developing legislation requiring newcomers to have

284-534: A defeat). Lucien Bouchard , a former member of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney 's Cabinet and later founder of the Bloc Québécois , a federal-level sovereigntist party, succeeded Parizeau as PQ leader, but chose not to call another referendum due to the absence of "winning conditions". Bouchard's government then balanced the provincial budget – a feat achieved in Canada only by the federal government and

355-512: A few of the ten Canadian provinces at that point – by reducing government spending , including social programs. The PQ was re-elected in the 1998 election , despite receiving fewer votes than the Quebec Liberal Party led by former federal deputy prime minister Jean Charest . Bouchard resigned in 2001, and was succeeded as PQ leader and Quebec Premier by Bernard Landry , a former PQ Finance minister. Under Landry's leadership,

426-532: A fiercely contested race, Péladeau was the frontrunner for much of the campaign, causing Jean-François Lisée to drop out in January 2015, Bernard Drainville to drop out on 22 April 2015, and Pierre Céré to follow Drainville only five days before the leadership election. On 15 May 2015, Pierre Karl Péladeau was elected permanent leader. On 2 May 2016, Péladeau announced that he was retiring from politics to dedicate more time to his family. Jean-François Lisée

497-553: A leadership confidence vote in March 2023. Plamondon broke a record for the PQ votes of confidence, with 98.51% support. Since the 2022 election, the PQ saw an increase in its support in polls with them polling as the second largest party but still behind the CAQ. On October 2, 2023, the PQ won its fourth seat with its win in the 2023 Jean-Talon provincial by-election , with Pascal Paradis being elected MNA. The Bloc Québécois (BQ)

568-463: A mandate to begin negotiation for sovereignty-association . It was rejected by 60 per cent of voters. The party was re-elected in the 1981 election , but in November 1984 it experienced the most severe internal crisis of its existence. Lévesque wanted to focus on governing Quebec rather than sovereignty, and also wanted to adopt a more conciliatory approach on constitutional issues. This angered

639-407: A mother tongue (also including persons who had more than one mother tongue). The next most common mother tongue was Spanish . The town resides at the foot of Mont Saint-Bruno , one of the mountains that make up the Monteregian Hills . The mountain is home to a provincial park, Parc National du Mont-Saint-Bruno , as well as a ski hill, Ski Mont Saint-Bruno . Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville

710-522: A new leader, André Boisclair , was elected 15 November 2005, through the party's 2005 leadership election . At the time of Boisclair's election, the PQ was as much as 20% ahead of the Liberals in opinion polls, suggesting that Boisclair would lead them to a landslide majority government in the next election. Progressives on the left wing of the PQ perceived a rightward move by the party towards neoliberalism under Bouchard, Landry and Boisclair. In 2006,

781-747: A new left-wing party, Québec solidaire , was formed which included many activists who likely would formerly have been members or supporters of the PQ. Over subsequent elections, the QS attracted increasing support from left-wing sovereigntists disillusioned with the PQ. At the same time on the right, the ADQ and later the Coalition Avenir Québec attracted the votes of right-wing and soft sovereigntists who eventually become Quebec autonomists and Canadian federalists while retaining their Quebec nationalist identities. These political developments resulted in

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852-506: A new logo on 21 February 2007, at the beginning of the 2007 provincial election campaign. While maintaining the basic style of past logos, the Q was redesigned and modernized. In addition, the tail of the Q was recoloured green. This logo was replaced in 2021 with a new logo that incorporated the fleur-de-lis into the letter " Q ". The Parti Québécois centres on the protection of the Franco-Québécois identity, up to or including

923-609: A parish was made to M Joseph-Octave Plessis , Archbishop of Quebec. This request was met with a refusal. It would be thirty-three years before the Montarvillans attempted to form into their own parish again. It is worth mentioning that in 1838 during the Patriotes Rebellion , François-Pierre Bruneau's manor was occupied by the Patriotes and that one of them, André Proteau, was from the seigneury. In 1842,

994-493: A petition totaling about sixty signatures was presented to M Ignace Bourget , Bishop of Montreal who agreed to the demand, and in the same year he signed a canonical decree officiating the creation of the parish of Saint-Bruno. François-Pierre Bruneau was honored with the choice of the titular saint, Saint Bruno . In line with the Durham Report 's recommendation to modernize municipal structures in 1840 (culminating in

1065-466: A population of 26,273 living in 10,446 of its 10,629 total private dwellings, a change of 0.3% from its 2016 population of 26,197 . With a land area of 42.85 km (16.54 sq mi), it had a population density of 613.1/km (1,588.0/sq mi) in 2021. The 2021 census found that about 85% of residents spoke French as a mother tongue (including persons who had more than one mother tongue), and that about 11% of residents spoke English as

1136-457: A population of 800, was a part. The following year on 9 October 1846, the parish municipality of Saint-Bruno was born through an official proclamation. For a few years, Saint-Bruno remained part of the municipality of Chambly but in 1855, as mandated by the Loi constituant en municipalités toutes paroisses de plus de 300 personnes (Law making into a municipality every parish of more than 300 persons),

1207-484: A population of approximately 3.7 million people who make more than 750,000 trips daily. The major transit commissions under the ARTM are: (In Montreal, except where otherwise noted.) 45°34′N 73°40′W  /  45.56°N 73.66°W  / 45.56; -73.66 Parti Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois The Parti Québécois ( French for 'Quebec Party', pronounced [paʁti kebekwa] ; PQ )

1278-456: A seigneur to François-Pierre Bruneau of Montréal. He died in 1851 and his brother Oliver-Théophile Bruneau (who was the first professor of anatomy at McGill University ), was the last seigneur of Montarville from 1851 until the seigneural system was abolished in 1854. While agriculture was the primary subsistence and economical activity of the region, the seigneury of Montarville, thanks to its proximity to Mount Saint-Bruno, benefited much from

1349-590: A ski facility and school. There are two prevailing hypotheses on the origin of the city's name: Pierre Boucher de Boucherville Junior was granted the Montarville seigneury in 1710 by the governor of New France Philippe de Rigaud de Vaudreuil . In 1723, it was noted that clearing had not begun and no one was inhabiting the seigneury yet. The ownership remained in the Boucher family until 1829, when René Boucher de la Bruère sold half his land and his rights as

1420-569: Is a federal political party founded in 1990 by former Progressive Conservative MP Lucien Bouchard . It has traditionally had close ties to the Parti Québécois and shares its principal objective of sovereignty . The two parties have frequently shared political candidates, and have supported each other during election campaigns. The two parties have a similar membership and voter base. Prominent members of either party often attend and speak at both organizations' public events. Gilles Duceppe ,

1491-431: Is a sovereignist and social democratic provincial political party in Quebec , Canada . The PQ advocates national sovereignty for Quebec involving independence of the province of Quebec from Canada and establishing a sovereign state . The PQ has also promoted the possibility of maintaining a loose political and economic sovereignty-association between Quebec and Canada. The party traditionally has support from

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1562-988: Is served by the Saint-Bruno commuter rail station on the Réseau de transport métropolitain 's Mont-Saint-Hilaire line . Local bus service is provided by the Réseau de transport de Longueuil . The South Shore Protestant Regional School Board previously served the municipality. The French language school board Commission Scolaire des Patriotes oversees 3 primary education schools (École Albert-Schweitzer, École De Montarville and École Monseigneur-Gilles-Gervais) and one secondary education school (École Secondaire du Mont-Bruno). The English language school board Riverside School Board oversees primary schools Mount Bruno School and Courtland Park International. The following are notable residents or past residents of Saint-Bruno: Off-island suburbs Greater Montreal ( French : Grand Montréal , [ɡʁɑ̃ mɔ̃ʁeal] )

1633-463: Is the most populous metropolitan area in Quebec and the second most populous in Canada after Greater Toronto . In 2015, Statistics Canada identified Montreal 's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) as 4,258.31 square kilometres (1,644.14 sq mi) with a population of 4,027,100, almost half that of the province. A smaller area of 3,838 square kilometres (1,482 sq mi) is governed by

1704-409: The Bloc Québécois (BQ, whose members are known as "Bloquistes"), the federal party that has also advocated for the secession of Quebec from Canada, but the two are not linked organizationally. As with its federal counterpart, the Parti Québécois has been supported by a wide range of voters in Quebec, from large sections of organized labour to more conservative rural voters. The PQ is the result of

1775-548: The City of Québec and Quebecor Inc. concerning the management of the new sports and entertainment complex in Quebec City. Unrest continued later in the month when a fifth MNA, Benoit Charette , also quit, citing his dissatisfaction with the party's sole focus being sovereignty. Beaudoin rejoined the PQ caucus in 2012. The party won a minority government under Marois in the 2012 provincial election with 54 of 125 seats in

1846-702: The Island of Montreal , Laval ( Île Jésus ), and communities along both the north shore of the Rivière des Mille-Îles and the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River . The ARTM's mandate also includes the management of reserved High-occupancy vehicle lanes , metropolitan bus terminuses, park-and-ride lots, and a budget of $ 163 million, which is shared amongst the transit corporations and inter-municipal public transit organizations. The Exo/ARTM's territory spans 63 municipalities and one native reserve, 13 regional county municipalities, and 21 transit authorities. It serves

1917-666: The Mille-Îles River , those on the South Shore that were never included in the megacity of Longueuil , and those on the Vaudreuil-Soulanges Peninsula . Crabtree Notre-Dame-des-Prairies Saint-Charles-Borromée Only a portion of the municipalities and MRC's located in geographical entities highlighted in light gray are part of the CMM/CMA. There are 82 municipalities that are part of

1988-649: The Montreal Metropolitan Community ( MMC ; French : Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal , CMM). This level of government is headed by a president (currently Montreal mayor Valérie Plante ). The inner ring is composed of densely populated municipalities located in close proximity to Downtown Montreal . It includes the entire Island of Montreal , Laval , and the Urban Agglomeration of Longueuil . Due to their proximity to Montreal's downtown core, some additional suburbs on

2059-469: The South Shore ( Brossard , Saint-Lambert , and Boucherville ) are usually included in the inner ring, despite their location on the mainland. The outer ring is composed of low-density municipalities located on the fringe of Metropolitan Montreal. Most of these cities and towns are semi-rural. Specifically, the term off-island suburbs refers to those suburbs that are located on the North Shore of

2130-460: The labour movement ; however, unlike most other social democratic parties, its ties with organized labour are informal. Members and supporters of the PQ are nicknamed péquistes ( / p eɪ ˈ k iː s t / pay- KEEST , Quebec French pronunciation: [peˈkɪst] ), a French word derived from the pronunciation of the party's initials. The party is an associate member of COPPPAL . The party has strong informal ties to

2201-724: The 1968 merger between the Mouvement Souveraineté-Association , founded by René Lévesque (a former Quebec Liberal Party cabinet minister), and the Ralliement national . Following the creation of the PQ, the Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale held a general assembly that voted to dissolve the RIN. Its former members were invited to join the new Parti Québécois. The PQ's primary goals were to obtain political, economic and social autonomy for

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2272-641: The Bloc and PQ. Beaulieu's election as Bloc leader was more warmly received by the PQ's rival party, Option nationale , than by the PQ. In 2018, the Montreal Gazette reported on an investigation into two closed Facebook groups, whose stated aim is to bolster the PQ, by anti-racist activist Jeff Ray. Ray found that many participants, while supporters of the PQ, were also members of far-right groups like La Meute and Storm Alliance . This included "grassroots activists to aspiring candidates to officials on

2343-488: The CAQ because they no longer believed sovereignty was a realistic goal. Notably, the party was completely shut out of Montreal for the first time in memory, including its traditional stronghold in the heavily francophone eastern portion. Historically, when the PQ won government, the eastern half of the Island of Montreal was coated light blue. Many younger sovereigntists defected to Québec Solidaire. Leader Jean-François Lisée

2414-497: The MMC and 91 municipalities that are part of the CMA. There are 79 municipalities that overlap between the two, with 3 municipalities being part of the MMC but not the CMA, and 12 municipalities being part of the CMA but not the MMC. Kanesatake and Kahnawake are not included in the previous counts. Exo operates the region's commuter rail and metropolitan bus services, and is

2485-621: The National Assembly. It embarked on a program of "sovereigntist governance" in relations with the rest of Canada, to return Quebec to balanced budgets through higher taxes and debt reduction, to increase the use of French in public services, and to address resource development in Northern Quebec. However the PQ's 'new Bill 101' did not pass. The centrepiece of the government's program was a Quebec Charter of Values which would have curtailed minority religious identity by banning

2556-486: The PQ being squeezed from both sides. The PQ was unable to maintain the momentum it briefly had under Boisclair, and in the 2007 provincial election , the party fell to 36 seats and behind the conservative Action démocratique du Québec (ADQ) in number of seats and the popular vote: this was the first time since 1973 that the party did not form the government or the Official Opposition . Boisclair said that

2627-476: The PQ caucus for the time being. He was replaced by veteran MNA François Gendron , pending a leadership race and convention. Former Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe was the first to announce his intention to run for party leadership, on 11 May 2007. He was followed the same day by Pauline Marois . In a surprise move, Duceppe withdrew on the 12th – leaving Marois the only declared candidate. No other candidates came forward, and on 26 June 2007, Marois won

2698-413: The PQ lost its official party status and came in a distant fourth place. With just over 14% of the popular vote, it broke a new record low score for the party, resulting in the PQ's smallest presence ever in the National Assembly. The movement of most voter support over to the CAQ and other nationalist parties put into question the party's relevance and its ability to survive in future. On December 1, 2022,

2769-415: The PQ was likely finished in its present form, and would have to merge with another sovereigntist party to avoid fading into irrelevance. On 27 November 2018, the CAQ granted both the PQ and Québec Solidaire official status in the legislature, despite the parties being short on seats and percentage of the popular vote in order to qualify. However, on 11 March 2019, Catherine Fournier , the youngest MNA in

2840-522: The PQ's three newly elected members were barred from the Quebec legislature following their refusal to swear an oath to the King, as required by the Constitution Act, 1867 . In response, on December 9, 2022, the CAQ passed a bill abolishing the requirement, allowing the PQ into the legislature by early 2023, however its legality is being questioned. After the 2022 provincial election, the PQ held

2911-413: The Quebec sovereignty movement revived. The PQ returned to power under the leadership of hardline sovereigntist Jacques Parizeau in the 1994 Quebec election . This saw the PQ win 77 seats and 44% of the vote, on a promise to hold an independence referendum within a year. The following year, Parizeau called the 1995 Quebec referendum proposing negotiations on sovereignty. Again, the sovereigntists lost

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2982-662: The abolition of the seigneury system in 1854) and the Acte pour abroger certaines ordonnances et pour faire de meilleures dispositions pour l'établissement d'autorités locales et municipales dans le Bas-Canada (Act to abrogate certain ordinances and to make better dispositions to establish local and municipal authorities in Lower-Canada), on 1 July 1845 the Legislative Assembly created more than 325 municipal corporations in eastern Canada of which Saint-Bruno, then with

3053-475: The adoption of bill 170 , Saint-Bruno merged with other municipalities on Montreal 's south shore to form the city of Longueuil . Following public outcry and a referendum, the city demerged from Longueuil and was reconstituted on 1 January 2006, but remained within the agglomeration of Longueuil, which remains responsible for a series of services to the population. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville had

3124-402: The beginning of the 19th century, families residing on the western flank of the mountain were under the clerical responsibility of the parish of Boucherville while families from the southern flank were under the responsibility of the parish of Saint-Joseph de Chambly . As a consequence, the tithe was being paid to two different parishes, so in 1809 a first request to transform the seigneury into

3195-441: The executive council" on the PQ side, and "key personalities of the far right" on the other. The party's distinctive logo was designed in 1968 by painter and poet Roland Giguère . It consists of a stylised letter Q, represented by a blue circle broken by a red arrow. The creator meant it as an allegory of the Parti Québécois breaking the circle of colonialism which he claimed Canada was imposing on Quebec and opening Quebec upon

3266-454: The first time in almost half a century, the 2018 election unfolded in a historic way, being the first time in a half century a party other than the Parti Québécois or Liberals were elected to power, with a Coalition Avenir Québec majority win. It also marked the first time in 42 years that the Parti Québécois did not win enough seats to maintain official status in the legislature. With only 10 seats won, not only did it lose official status, but

3337-566: The former Bloc leader, is also the son of Jean Duceppe , a Quebec actor who helped found the PQ after having been a founding member of the New Democratic Party . In June 2014, Mario Beaulieu , a former PQ riding president and Bloc candidate, was elected leader of the Bloc Québécois. Notwithstanding his previous ties to both parties, Beaulieu has been critical of what he sees as a too timid approach to sovereignty by both

3408-507: The industrial activity that developed around the hydraulic power it could harvest from the mountain's many ponds and streams. The first water mill was erected in 1725 and in the 19th century, they numbered six in the territory and permitted such activities as grinding grain, milling wood, tanning leather and carding and spinning wool. The 19th century also saw the diversification of the seigneury's agricultural activities through increased animal husbandry, orchards, and maple syrup collection. At

3479-431: The language of management was English in most medium and large businesses. Critics, both Francophone and Anglophone, have however criticized the charter for restraining citizens' linguistic school choice, as it only permits anglophones to attend English-language schools funded by the state (private schools remained an option for those who could afford tuition). The Parti Québécois initiated the 1980 Quebec referendum seeking

3550-473: The leadership by acclamation . In June 2011, the party was shaken when four of its most prominent MNAs — popular actor Pierre Curzi , former cabinet minister Louise Beaudoin , and Lisette Lapointe , the wife of former premier Jacques Parizeau , and Jean-Martin Aussant — quit the party to sit as independents . They disagreed with Marois's support for a bill changing the law to permit an agreement between

3621-493: The more ardent sovereigntists, known as the purs et durs . Lévesque was forced to resign as a result. In September 1985, the party leadership election chose Pierre-Marc Johnson as his successor. Despite its social-democratic past, the PQ failed to gain admission into the Socialist International , after the membership application was vetoed by the federal New Democratic Party . The PQ led by Johnson

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3692-542: The most prominent legacy of the PQ is the Charter of the French Language (Bill 101), a framework law which defines the linguistic primacy of French and seeks to make French the common public language of Quebec. It allowed the advancement of francophones towards management roles, until then largely out of their reach. Despite the fact that 85% of the population spoke French and most of them did not understand English,

3763-484: The parish municipality became fully autonomous and its two names, "Saint-Bruno" and "Montarville", were joined into the designation still used to this day. It incorporated as a city in 1958. In 2000, the Parti Québécois governments of Lucien Bouchard and Bernard Landry introduced a series of legislative measures with the intent of reorganizing and merging many of Quebec's municipalities. In 2002, following

3834-560: The party and the province and the only PQ MNA from Greater Montreal, resigned from the Parti Québécois to sit as an independent, claiming the party had lost its way. At the same time, several members of the PQ's youth wing expressed concern that the party might not have a future. Fournier's defection dropped the party into fourth place, losing its standing as second opposition and potentially losing their official party status once again. The next leadership election occurred on 9 October 2020, with lawyer Paul St-Pierre Plamondon being elected as

3905-524: The party lost the 2003 election to Jean Charest's Liberals. Mid-late 2004 was difficult for Landry's leadership, which was being contested. A vote was held during the party's June 2005 convention to determine whether Landry continued to have the confidence of the party membership. Landry said he wanted at least 80% of approval and after gaining 76.2% approval on the confidence vote from party membership on 4 June 2005, Landry announced his intention to resign. Louise Harel had been chosen to replace him until

3976-575: The prospect of another referendum a focus of the campaign, as well as feminist Janette Bertrand suggesting that wealthy Muslim men were taking over swimming pools, among other incidents badly hurt the PQ. Marois' government was defeated by the Liberals, led by Philippe Couillard , in the 2014 provincial election which resulted in a Liberal majority government. The PQ won 25% of the vote and 30 seats, its worst result in terms of popular vote since 1970 . Marois lost her own seat, and announced her intention to resign as PQ leader that night. Stéphane Bédard

4047-502: The province of Quebec. Lévesque introduced the strategy of referendums early in the 1970s. The PQ faced its first electoral test in the 1970 provincial election , winning seven seats. However, Lévesque was unable to get into the renamed National Assembly. Although it lost one seat in 1973 , the decimation of the other parties, particularly the Union Nationale , allowed it to become the official opposition even though Lévesque

4118-597: The second busiest such system in Canada after Toronto's GO Transit. Established in June 2007, Exo's commuter rail system has six lines linking the downtown core with communities as far west as Hudson , as Far south as Mont-Saint-Hilaire , as far east as Mascouche , and as far north as Saint-Jérôme . Along with Exo, a sister agency, the Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain ( ARTM ) plans, integrates, and coordinates public transport across Greater Montreal, including

4189-562: The tenth Parti Québécois leader. The 2022 provincial election saw even further erosion and an unprecedented loss of support for the Parti Quebecois. Not only did the party once again not form government or the official opposition, but saw its lowest number of elected seats in the history of the PQ's existence, with only three seats won. The previous lowest was in the 1973 election, where the party won six seats. Although new party leader Paul St-Pierre Plamondon managed to win his seat,

4260-562: The ultimate result of sovereignty-association. Sovereigntism, however, is 'Article 1' in its party program. After then-French President Nicolas Sarkozy rejected the long-standing "non-interference, non-indifference" stance towards Quebec should it seek sovereignty in 2009, PQ leader and Premier Pauline Marois' visit to France in October 2012 saw her reinstate it with French President François Hollande. Also during her visit, Marois commented that "Canada's current foreign policy corresponds to neither our values nor our interests". The PQ delivered

4331-438: The vote. The final count showed 49.42% of voters supported negotiations that could eventually lead to sovereignty. On the night of the defeat, an emotionally drained Premier Parizeau stated that the loss was caused by "money and ethnic votes" (which led to accusations that Parizeau was racist) as well as by the divided votes amongst francophones. Parizeau resigned the next day (as he is alleged to have planned beforehand in case of

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4402-476: The voters clearly did not support a strategy of a rapid referendum in the first mandate of a PQ government. Instead of a policy convention following the election, the party held a presidents' council. The party caucus in the provincial legislative assembly was said to have supported Boisclair continuing as leader. On 8 May 2007, Boisclair announced his resignation as leader of the PQ. This was effective immediately, although Boisclair confirmed he would remain within

4473-492: The wearing of religious symbols by those in the employ of the government, particularly Sikh turbans, Muslim veils and Jewish kippahs. Based on the charter's growing popularity among francophones, Marois called an early election for 7 April 2014 in an attempt to win a majority government. Despite leading in the polls when the writ was dropped, the campaign went badly due to several mishaps. The recruitment of star candidate Pierre Karl Péladeau , whose comments made sovereignty and

4544-445: The world and the future. The PQ has made very few significant modifications to its logo during its history. In 1985 it made the circle and arrow slightly thicker, and placed the tip of the latter at the centre of the circle. The original saw it span the whole diameter. When placed upon a blue background instead of a white one, the circle was commonly turned to white, the single main design variation currently observed. The party revealed

4615-399: Was elected leader of Parti Québécois on 7 October 2016. Lisée charged Manon Massé with reneging in unsuccessful deliberations for a putative electoral alliance between the Parti Québécois and Québec Solidaire in 2017. For the 2018 provincial election , the PQ ruled out holding a referendum on sovereignty until 2022 at the earliest. With the sovereignty issue taken off the table for

4686-465: Was chosen interim parliamentary leader by the PQ caucus on 10 April 2014. In the 20 October 2014 Lévis by-election, PQ candidate Alexandre Bégin came in third place, with 8.28% of the popular vote, only narrowly beating Québec Solidaire. On 27 November 2014, Pierre Karl Péladeau announced his intentions to run for PQ's leadership, joining Bernard Drainville , Martine Ouellet , Jean-François Lisée , Alexandre Cloutier , and Pierre Céré. Despite

4757-702: Was defeated by the Quebec Liberal Party in the 1985 election that saw Robert Bourassa return as premier. The Liberals served in office for two terms and attempted to negotiate a constitutional settlement with the rest of Canada but with the failure of the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord , two packages of proposed amendments to the Canadian constitution , the question of Quebec's status remained unresolved and

4828-565: Was defeated in his own riding and resigned thereafter, accepting the blame for his party's failure and collapse. After 50 years in the forefront of Quebec politics, the Parti Québécois had been pushed into marginal status. According to The Globe and Mail , within hours of the results being known, there was speculation that the party's very survival was in doubt; there were concerns that it was no longer capable of attracting enough support "to justify its political usefulness". Christian Bourque of Montreal-based pollster Léger Marketing suggested that

4899-546: Was known as the "republic of professors" because of the large number of scholars in Lévesque's cabinet . The PQ was the first government to recognize the rights of Aboriginal peoples to self-determination, insofar as this self-determination did not affect the territorial integrity of Quebec. The PQ passed laws on public consultations and the financing of political parties, which ensured equal financing of political parties and limited contributions by individuals to $ 3000. However,

4970-494: Was relegated to third place (tied with Québec solidaire ). The PQ was reduced to its smallest presence in the National Assembly since its first election in 1970. In this election the Parti Québécois only garnered 17% of the popular vote, the lowest score in party's history at the time. With few exceptions, its support bled to the CAQ, which took several ridings that had been in PQ hands for 40 years or more, by large margins in many cases. A number of longtime PQ supporters defected to

5041-503: Was still unable to win a seat. In the 1976 provincial election , the Parti Québécois won government for the first time and took 71 of the 110 seats available. Lévesque became the Premier of Quebec . This provided cause for celebration among many French-speaking Quebecers , while it resulted in an acceleration of the migration of the province's Anglophone population and related economic activity toward Toronto . The first PQ government

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