123-618: The Salt Lake Organizing Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games of 2002 ( SLOC ) was the organization responsible for the 2002 Winter Olympics and 2002 Winter Paralympics in Salt Lake City, USA . The SLOC secured their bid for the 2002 Olympic Games in 1995. After the SLOC was exposed to be in disarray in the ensuing years, Mitt Romney was hired in 1999 to turn around the failing organization. Under Romney's leadership,
246-546: A snowflake , or a mountain flower, which refers to the importance of the natural environment to the city of Nagano. Similarly, Tokyo used cherry blossoms in its logo for its candidature for the 2020 Summer Olympics . Landor Associates conceived the official mascots that were used by the communication team for the Games. They consisted of four owlets, Sukki, Nokki, Lekki and Tsukki , also called Snowlets . The names were chosen from more than 47,000 suggestions. Four represents
369-571: A capacity of 20,000 spectators. Hakuba Ski Jumping Stadium was the first ski jump built in Japan with parallel 90 and 120 K-point hills. The ski jumping stadium can accommodate 45,000 spectators. Snow Harp Kamishiro was built for cross country skiing and Nordic combined . It includes three tracks of 4.8, 4.8, and 7.8 kilometers, 6 meters wide. The stadium is another 1.2 kilometers. In total, Snow Harp has 19 kilometers of tracks. Up to 20,000 spectators can be accommodated. Nozawa Onsen Ski Resort , in
492-423: A charm around their neck with an original Anasazi or Fremont -style petroglyph . For the first time in Olympic history, the names of the mascots were determined by a public vote, using name suggestions submitted by local students; on September 25, the names of the mascots were officially announced as Powder, Copper, and Coal respectively. International Sports Broadcasting (ISB) served as the host broadcaster for
615-541: A cost overrun of 289% for Sochi 2014, the latter being the most costly Olympics to date. The average cost for Winter Games since 1960 is US$ 3.1 billion, average cost overrun is 142%. The 2002 Winter Games were the first Olympic Games to take place since the September 11 attacks , which meant a higher level of security than ever before provided for the Games. As a result, the Office of Homeland Security (OHS) designated
738-409: A desire to create harmony between athletes and the natural surroundings are shown. In addition to the official poster, a separate poster was created for the opening ceremony. Marketing for the games cost the organizing committee 5.9 billion yen. These Olympic Games were sponsored by 11 worldwide partners, 8 gold partners, and 18 official supports and suppliers. Marketing revenues for sponsoring or for
861-665: A limited number of companies, with one company allowed to purchase the rights for any single product or service category, and these were based on previous Games, with adaptations for the local market. Sponsors were permitted to use the emblem and mascots as long as consent was obtained from the International Olympic Committee, Japanese Olympic Committee , and the NAOC. Hospitality packages for sponsors included priority for accommodations, tickets, and transportation services. The Sponsor Hospitality Village, next to
984-526: A multi-year rights agreement between NBC and the IOC, under which it would hold exclusive rights to all Olympic Games from 1996 through 2008 . The contract had excluded the 1998 Winter Olympics, as CBS Sports had an existing deal to exclusively televise the Winter Olympics from 1992 through 1998. NBC partnered with HDNet to produce an eight-hour block of daily coverage in high definition , which
1107-802: A state referendum that authorized the use of taxpayer money to publicly fund the construction of new facilities for a Winter Olympics bid in 1998 or 2002. Their construction was overseen by the Salt Lake Olympic Bid Committee and the Utah Sports Authority—a body created under the referendum. New facilities built for the Games included the Utah Olympic Oval in Kearns , Utah Olympic Park in Summit County , The Ice Sheet at Ogden , and Soldier Hollow at
1230-406: A stylized snowflake with segments colored in blue, orange, and yellow. The emblem was designed to resemble an Olympic cauldron and flame, as well as a sun rising from behind mountains. The orange center section of the flame was intended to reflect traditional Navajo weaving . The official event pictograms were inspired by branding irons , and the line thickness and 30-degree angles mirrored those of
1353-569: A surplus of $ 40 million. The surplus was used to create the Utah Athletic Foundation, which maintains and operates many of the remaining Olympic venues. The Oxford Olympics Study established the outturn cost of the Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympics at US$ 2.5 billion in 2015-dollars and cost overrun at 24% in real terms. This includes sports-related costs only, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by
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#17327661211441476-677: A traffic center for buses and cars in Karuizawa . Originally it was expected that both athletes and media delegations would arrive entirely via Narita International Airport , which did not happen given the high demand for plane tickets. So some delegations had to arrive via Kansai International Airport and Chubu Centrair International Airport in Nagoya The members of the IOC and the delegations who arrived in Narita traveled to Nagano via Shinkansen . To improve transportation for spectators,
1599-513: A way for the public to see presentations that would have otherwise taken place at far-flung, low-capacity or high-altitude venues and to have an evening program that often included musical performances. Several medal records were set and/or tied, including: All of the above records were broken at the Vancouver Olympics in 2010. The closing ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics was held on February 24, 2002, at Rice–Eccles Stadium. It
1722-478: A winter multi-sport event held from 7 to 22 February 1998, mainly in Nagano , Nagano Prefecture , Japan, with some events taking place in the nearby mountain communities of Hakuba , Karuizawa , Nozawa Onsen , and Yamanouchi . The city of Nagano had previously been a candidate to host the 1940 Winter Olympics (which were later cancelled), as well as the 1972 Winter Olympics , but had been eliminated at
1845-466: Is difficult to quantify the impact of the 2002 Olympics on the unemployment rates in Utah, due mostly to the effect of the early 2000s recession . In 1996, the unemployment rate in Utah was approximately 3.4%, while the U.S. national average was 5.4% and by the end of 2001, the unemployment rate in Utah was around 4.8%, while the national average had risen to 5.7%. There was a high percentage of visitors to
1968-431: Is the first indoor, long-track speed skating venue in Japan. It was built to accommodate 10,000 spectators. The venue, which gets its name from its M-shape, representing the surrounding mountains and harmonize with the skyline, is approximately 5 kilometers from Nagano Station. Finally, White Ring , with a maximum capacity of 7,351 spectators, was built for figure skating and short track speed skating . White Ring, which
2091-449: Is the main sporting venue of the south of city,is on nearby Shinonoi Station area, and approximately 9 kilometers from Nagano Station . Outside from their structure,the stadium, resembles a cherry blossom , a symbol of Japan . During the Games the structure could accommodate 50,000 people. But with 15,000 temporary stands added, but now with permanent structures can accommodates until 35,000 spectators. Big Hat Arena named for its shape,
2214-431: Is used as a public gymnasium, is approximately 6 kilometers from Nagano Station. Hakuba village is situated 50 kilometers west of the city of Nagano. Hakuba hosted three Olympics sites. Alpine skiing's downhill, super-G and combined were situated at Happo'one Resort . Three courses between altitudes of 840 meters and 1,765 meters were used, one for the men's, women's and combined for both men's and women's. The site has
2337-587: The 1964 Summer Olympics , thus becoming the first venue in the world to host both the Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics . To accommodate the athletes and officials during the Games, the Olympic Village was constructed in Imai district, approximately 7 kilometers south of Nagano Station. Along with the construction of the village, Imai Station was opened in 1997. The village was constructed by
2460-513: The 1968 Winter Olympics but lost to Sapporo, the winning Japanese bid, who lost to Grenoble , France , and Sapporo eventually won the right to host the 1972 Winter Olympics . Japanese private sector organizations, in 1983, began publicly discussing a possible bid. Two years later, in 1985, the Nagano Prefectural Assembly, decided to begin the process to bid, for its third time, for a Winter Olympics. The bid committee
2583-541: The 1976 Winter Olympics when the original host, Denver, Colorado , withdrew. The 1976 Winter Olympics were ultimately awarded to Innsbruck , Austria. There was a scandal involving allegations of bribery used to win the rights to the Games. Prior to its successful bid, Salt Lake City had attempted four times to secure the games, failing each time. In 1998, members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) were accused of taking gifts from
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#17327661211442706-641: The 1998 Winter Paralympics from 5 to 14 March. These were the final Winter Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The hosting of the games improved transportation networks with the construction of the high-speed Shinkansen , the Nagano Shinkansen, now the Hokuriku Shinkansen , between Tokyo and Nagano Station , via Ōmiya and Takasaki . In addition, new highways were built, including
2829-552: The 2002 Winter Olympics , US$ 4.35 billion for the 2006 Winter Olympics , US$ 7.56 billion for the 2010 Winter Olympics , and US$ 51 billion for the 2014 Winter Olympics Nagano is situated at the Japanese Alps area and receives large snowfalls every year. These combined to make transportation an important challenge for the organizing committee. In addition, the Olympic Village was a distance of 7 kilometers from
2952-644: The 2010 Paralympic Winter Games in Vancouver. However, the Salt Lake 2002 Organizing Committee, chose to follow the practice of "one bid, one city" already at the 2002 Games in Salt Lake City, and hosted both the Olympics and the Paralympics. This 2002 Winter Olympics -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a sports-related organization based in
3075-781: The Jōshin-etsu Expressway , were also built in the Nagano region. In May 1993, the 75.8-kilometer section of the Nagano Expressway was completed, and in October 1997, the 111.4 kilometer section of the Jōshin-etsu Expressway was completed. In addition, another 114.9 kilometers of roads within Nagano Prefecture were improved. Transportation systems for the Games ran for 33 days, from the opening of
3198-674: The Nagano Expressway and the Jōshin-etsu Expressway and upgrades were made to existing roads. In 1932, Japan won the rights to host the 1940 Summer Olympics in Tokyo . At that time, organizers of the Summer Olympics had priority in choosing the venue for the Winter Olympics the same year. Several Japanese cities, including Nagano, prepared a bid. Sapporo was chosen; however, the games never took place because of World War II . In 1961, Nagano declared its intention to host
3321-665: The Nagano Olympic Stadium , welcomed 32,000 guests. To promote awareness of the sponsors, advertising was done in various media from 1995, and on banners and buses immediately before the games. Dick Pound noted, during the Games, the excellence of the marketing program, citing the " perfect example of how the private and public sectors can work together ". The Games had 11 Worldwide Olympic Partners, eight Gold Sponsors and 18 Official Supporters and Suppliers. Worldwide Olympic Partners: Gold Sponsors: Official Supporters and Suppliers: From 7 February 1997,
3444-551: The Nagano prefectural government spent ¥29.6 billion, and the cities and towns of Nagano, ¥23.4 billion; Hakuba , ¥1 billion; and Nozawa Onsen , ¥1.1 billion; shared the remaining ¥25.5 billion. The most expensive venue was impressive M-Wave , the indoor rink which hosted the long-track speed skating events. It cost near ¥34.8 billion. The two ice hockey venues, Big Hat and Aqua Wing Arena cost ¥19.1 and ¥9.1 billion respectively. The White Ring (arena) , which hosted figure skating and short-track speed skating cost ¥14.2 billion,
3567-718: The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , the New York City Police Department , and firefighters from the New York City Fire Department , joined by athletes nominated by fellow members of the U.S. team. The flag was presented during the playing of the U.S. national anthem " The Star-Spangled Banner ", as performed by the Tabernacle Choir . The Olympic cauldron was designed to look like an icicle and
3690-684: The Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC) during the bidding process. The allegations resulted in the expulsion of several IOC members and the adoption of new IOC rules. Although nothing strictly illegal had been done, it was felt that the acceptance of the gifts was morally dubious. In addition, legal charges were brought against the leaders of Salt Lake's bid committee by the United States Department of Justice . Investigations were also launched into prior bidding process by other cities, finding that members of
3813-478: The Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC), the first time that both events were organized by a single committee, and inspiring other Olympic and Paralympic Games to be organized by such since then. The Games featured 2,399 athletes from 78 nations, participating in 78 events in 15 disciplines. Norway topped the medal table, with 13 gold and 25 medals overall, while Germany finished with the most total medals, winning 36 (with 12 of them gold). The hosting United States
Salt Lake Organizing Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games of 2002 - Misplaced Pages Continue
3936-663: The Spiral , which hosted bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton, cost ¥10.1 billion. Another ¥8.6 billion was spent on the Hakuba Ski Jumping Stadium , ¥7 billion for Snow Harp – the cross-country skiing venue, and ¥3 billion for the biathlon venue at Nozawa Onsen Snow Resort . The organizing committee financed all costs, totaling ¥113.9 billion. It spent ¥99.4 billion for operational expenses, ¥21.6 billion for public relations, ¥20.7 billion for installations, ¥18.4 billion for telecommunications, ¥15.9 billion for running
4059-745: The University of Utah hosted the opening and closing ceremonies. The Olympic Village was built at historic Fort Douglas , whose land had been acquired by the University of Utah to construct new residences. The SLOC provided funding to the project in exchange for its use during the Olympics. Main Street in Park City was converted into a pedestrian plaza during the Games, with festivities such as concerts, firework shows, and sponsor presences. Medal presentations took place in downtown Salt Lake City;
4182-684: The Wasatch Mountain State Park —the furthest competition venue from Salt Lake City. The E Center in West Valley City and the Peaks Ice Arena in Provo were also built with support from the SLOC, and co-hosted hockey. Delta Center hosted figure skating and short track speed skating; it was renamed Salt Lake Ice Center for the duration of the Games due to IOC sponsorship rules. Rice-Eccles Stadium at
4305-409: The "best ever", IOC president Jacques Rogge began a tradition of assigning each Games their own identity in his comments, describing the 2002 Winter Olympics as having been "flawless". Italian singers Irene Grandi and Elisa performed during the cultural presentation by Turin , host city of the 2006 Winter Olympics , while Josh Groban and Charlotte Church performed a duet of " The Prayer " as
4428-629: The 2002 Winter Olympics; the Salt Palace convention center served as the International Broadcast Centre and press center for the Games. The IOC estimated that the 2002 Winter Olympics were viewed by over two billion people worldwide, with 13 billion viewer-hours watched. In the United States, the 2002 Winter Olympics were broadcast by NBC Universal networks . They were the first Winter Olympics under
4551-545: The 62 International Olympic Committee members and many of their companions. The precise figures are unknown since Nagano, after the IOC asked that the entertainment expenditures not be made public, destroyed the financial records, according to bid member Junichi Yamaguchi . Five months after the city was selected, the Nagano Olympic Organizing Committee (NAOC) was created. Eishiro Saito , Chairman of Japan Business Federation (Keidanren)
4674-697: The Athletes Village until 3 days after the Paralympics closing ceremony, when the Village was decommissioned from its functions. Approximately 64% of the athletes arrived between 1 and 6 February, and 74% left Nagano between 22 and 25 February. Logistical operations were directed from the operational centre situated at the Organizing Committee headquarters. Two regional logistical minor hubs were created in Hakuba and Yamanouchi , as well as
4797-606: The Games by the Seven Network in Australia featured The Ice Dream , a comedy miniseries presented by the double act of Roy and HG as a follow-up to The Dream —their series for the 2000 Summer Olympics . The series featured a running gag of the duo proposing an Australian bid to hold the 2010 Winter Olympics in Smiggin Holes, New South Wales . The 2002 Winter Olympics brought a huge amount of success to
4920-594: The Games from an official box), while the Olympic cauldron was lit by members of the gold medal-winning U.S. men's ice hockey team from the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York (as made famous by the " Miracle on Ice "). In an acknowledgment of the September 11 attacks , the ceremony opened with the entrance of a damaged American flag recovered from the wreckage of the World Trade Center , carried by an honor guard of police officers from
5043-697: The Games was the Utah Olympic Park , which has proven to be one of the most successful venues to date because it has been maintained in top competition form. Owing to the routine maintenance of the park, Utah has been able to host a large number of winter competitions since 2002, including more than 60 World Cup events (e.g. the FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup ), as well as seven world championships, and various other sporting events. Hosting these high-profile competitions has resulted in approximately $ 1 billion being injected into
Salt Lake Organizing Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games of 2002 - Misplaced Pages Continue
5166-499: The Games, which raised the number of tourists whose consumption and demand prompted the establishment of job opportunities to meet the demands. 1998 Winter Olympics The 1998 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XVIII Olympic Winter Games ( Japanese : 第18回オリンピック冬季競技大会 , Hepburn : Dai Jūhachi-kai Orinpikku Tōkikyōgi Taikai ) and commonly known as Nagano 1998 ( Japanese : 長野1998 ), were
5289-466: The Games. After arriving, passengers then embarked to Soldier Hollow on horse-drawn sleighs . The opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics was held at Rice–Eccles Stadium at the University of Utah on February 8, 2002. The facility was renovated and expanded for the Games. The Games were officially opened by President George W. Bush , who was standing among the US athletes (previous heads of state opened
5412-477: The Games. Five NOCs made their Winter Olympic debut in Salt Lake, including Cameroon, Hong Kong, Nepal, Tajikistan, and Thailand. Costa Rica and Lebanon returned to the Winter games after a 10-year absence, and Fiji, Mexico and San Marino returned after 8 years. Four countries, Luxembourg, North Korea, Portugal and Uruguay which were at the 1998 Games, did not participate in 2002. 2,399 athletes from 78 NOCs In
5535-416: The Games. Indirect capital costs are not included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging the Games. The cost and cost overrun for Salt Lake City 2002 compares with costs of US$ 2.5 billion and a cost overrun of 13% for Vancouver 2010, and costs of US$ 51 billion and
5658-512: The Games. The cost and cost overrun for Nagano 1998 compares with costs of US$ 2.5 billion and a cost overrun of 13% for Vancouver 2010, and costs of US$ 51 billion and a cost overrun of 289% for Sochi 2014, the latter being the most costly Olympics to date. Average cost for Winter Games since 1960 is US$ 3.1 billion, average cost overrun is 142%. For the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, a total of fourteen sports venues, all within Nagano Prefecture , were used. Construction of these venues, and of
5781-629: The IOC received bribes during the bidding process for both the 1998 Winter Olympics and 2000 Summer Olympics . In response to the scandal, Mitt Romney was hired as the new president and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee in February 1999. The torch relay ceremonially began on November 19, 2001, with the traditional kindling of an Olympic flame in Olympia, Greece. On December 3, Greek skier Thanassis Tsailas lit
5904-676: The Nagano Olympics and the Olympic Games, a logo of the relay, and of Coca-Cola. 72 nations participated in the 1998 Winter Olympic Games for a total of 2,176 athletes, of which 787 were female and 1,389 were male. With the addition of five countries and another 439 athletes since the 1994 Winter Olympic Games at Lillehammer , Norway , these were the largest Winter Olympics ever at the time. The nations of Azerbaijan , Kenya , Macedonia , Uruguay , and Venezuela participated in their first Winter Olympic Games. Iran returned to
6027-731: The Olympic Museum. In February 1999, one year after the Games, the IOC awarded the Nagano the Olympic Cup , and presented the city a replica of the sculpture of stylized athletes raising the Olympic Flag by the Swiss artist Nag Arnoldi. The costs of construction and of the land of the Olympic venues totaled ¥106.6 billion, approximately 914 million US dollars . Of this, the Japanese national government spent ¥51.1 billion,
6150-541: The Olympic Stadium which hosted the ceremonies, began in 1990 and lasted until 1997, with construction and land costs totaling 106.6 billion yen. The most expensive venue constructed for the games was the multi-use arena who hosted the speed skating events M-Wave built 5 kilometers from Nagano Station . Between March 1996 and November 1997, these sites were tested with 16 different World Championship events, World Cups, and another international competitions to allow
6273-647: The Olympic Village, including the Honorary Mayor Yasuko Konoe , Mayor Shozo Sasahara , and Deputy Mayors Takanori Kono , Hiroko Chiba , and Shun'ichi Bobby Hirai . Because the curling arena was in Karuizawa, 90 kilometers away, a satellite village was built in Karuizawa, 7 kilometers from the arena. It was open from 4 to 16 February 1998. In addition, a section of the Shiga Kogen Prince Hotel , 58 kilometers from
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#17327661211446396-500: The Olympic Village, was reserved for 180 snowboarders and officials. In addition to athletes and officials, members of the Olympic and Paralympic family and other personnel were housed in 900 hotels and another structures in Nagano and surrounding regions, which represented 234,207 nights between 24 January to 25 February 1998. The members of the International Olympic Committee stayed in the Kokusai 21 Hotel in downtown Nagano. In total,
6519-466: The Olympic cauldron was extinguished. The overall branding of the 2002 Winter Olympics was based on a concept entitled "Land of Contrast — Fire and Ice", which featured a palette of warm and cool colors to contrast the warmer, rugged, red-rock areas of Southern Utah from the colder, mountainous regions of Northern Utah. The emblem for the 2002 Winter Olympics was unveiled in August 1997, consisting of
6642-567: The Olympic family included 18,350 people. Finally, two media villages were built in the districts of Yanagimachi , near Nagano Station, and Asahi, across the street from the M-Wave. The Olympic torch was lit by sunlight during a ceremony organized by the Temple of Hera at Olympia , Greece on 19 December 1997. Vassilis Dimitriadis, a Greek alpine skier started the Greek leg towards Athens where
6765-402: The Olympics a National Special Security Event (NSSE). Aerial surveillance and radar control was provided by the U.S. Marines of Marine Air Control Squadron 2, Detachment C, from Cherry Point, North Carolina . The FBI and NSA arranged with Qwest Communications to use intercept equipment for a period of less than six months around the time of the 2002 Winter Olympics. When he spoke during
6888-420: The Olympics, leading to the Winter Olympics return to Salt Lake City for 2034 games . Salt Lake City was chosen over Québec City, Canada; Sion, Switzerland; and Östersund, Sweden, on June 16, 1995, at the 104th IOC Session in Budapest , Hungary. Salt Lake City had previously come in second during the bids for the 1998 Winter Olympics , awarded to Nagano , Japan, and had offered to be the provisional host of
7011-452: The Olympics: A Comparison of the Games 1972–2008 argues that "The export of the 'Olympic Games' service results in an inflow of funds to the host city, causing additional production which, in its turn, leads to employment and income effects." According to the study "2002 Olympic Winter Games, Economic, Demographic and Fiscal Impacts", the estimated creation of new job years of employment was 35,424, and additional earnings of $ 1,544,203,000. It
7134-421: The SLOC ended up hosting a successful Olympic games with financial surpluses. In June 2001, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) had signed an agreement that would ensure that the staging of the Paralympic Games is automatically included in the bid for the Olympic Games . The agreement came into effect at the 2008 Paralympic Summer Games in Beijing, and
7257-399: The United States is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . 2002 Winter Olympics The 2002 Winter Olympics , officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 ( Arapaho : Niico'ooowu' 2002 ; Gosiute Shoshoni : Tit'-so-pi 2002 ; Navajo : Sooléí 2002 ; Shoshoni : Soónkahni 2002 ), were an international winter multi-sport event that
7380-411: The Utah skiing industry. Since hosting the Winter Games, Utah has seen a 42% increase in skier and snowboarder visits as of 2010 –11. This increase resulted in direct expenditures from skiers and snowboarders growing 67% from $ 704 million in 2002–2003 to $ 1.2 billion in 2010–2011. Fourteen venues were constructed or expanded in preparation for the Winter Games. One of the venues constructed for
7503-522: The Winter Olympic program for the first time since 1948 , while a women's doubles event was contested for the first time in bobsleigh. A fourth distance was introduced in short track speed skating for men and women, and the pursuit events were added to biathlon and cross-country skiing. The sprint event was also added to the Nordic combined program. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each separate discipline. A total of 78 teams qualified at least one athlete to compete in
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#17327661211447626-407: The Winter Olympics. The athlete who won the most medals at these games was the Russian cross-country skier Larisa Lazutina who won five medals, including three gold. The Norwegian cross-country skier Bjørn Dæhlie won four medals, including three gold, which took his total Olympic medal total to 12, including eight gold, which is a record for Winter Olympics. Czech men's ice hockey team won
7749-491: The arenas used, which were mostly larger than those used four years earlier but slightly lower than the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary . Tickets sales were a success in the domestic market, as the Japanese people finished the process of purchase with a reservation list of 6 million. For the most popular events, a lottery system was used. In total, ticket sales raised 10.5 billion yen for the organizing committee. The ice hockey matches represented 295,802 tickets sold, 26% of
7872-409: The center of the city, and sporting events were spread over five surrounding cities. The complicating matters were that many of the venues had one single road in-out, which limited possibilities and led to traffic jams. To improve access to Nagano, the government decided to link the prefecture with the high-speed shinkansen train network. Called Nagano Shinkansen (now the Hokuriku Shinkansen ), it
7995-506: The city of Nagano as public and low coast residential housing, and loaned to the organizing committee during the Games. The Village occupies an area that is 19 hectares, composed of 23 buildings with a total of 1,032 apartments. Temporary restaurants and shops were also available during the Games. The Village was open for the Olympics from 24 January to 25 February 1998 and 1 to 19 March for the Paralympics, and accommodated nearby 4,000 people. Several prominent people were recognized as faces of
8118-437: The committee. The number of committee members was 511. On 12 February 1990, the bid delegation presented its candidature at the International Olympic Committee in Lausanne before Juan Antonio Samaranch. Other candidate cities for the 1998 Olympics were Aosta , Italy ; Jaca , Spain ; Östersund , Sweden ; Salt Lake City , United States , and Sochi , Russian SFSR , Soviet Union (now Russia ). The host city selection
8241-420: The competitions, and ¥14.4 billion for administration. Television rights were worth ¥35.4 billion, and marketing earned ¥31.3 billion. Ticket sales were worth ¥10.5 billion. The total cost of the Nagano Games is estimated to have been US$ 15.25 billion (in 2015), of which the largest factor in the cost of the games was the extension of the shinkansen to Nagano. This compares, for example, with US$ 2.5 billion for
8364-426: The economic development of the university. In addition, it is indicated that the approximate value of media exposure through print during the Games was equated to $ 22.9 million. Mainly, this was a huge economic benefit to the university as more and more people got to know about the educational establishment, and this also boosted enrollment and future development. Holger Preuss in his book The Economics of Staging
8487-407: The emblem. The designs of the mascots of the 2002 Winter Olympics were unveiled on May 19, 1999, during an event marking 1,000 days until the opening ceremony. The mascots represent three animals native to the western United States — a snowshoe hare , coyote , and American black bear respectively, with each mascot symbolizing a character from the legends of local Native Americans, and wearing
8610-424: The environmental stewardship committed during the Winter Games. The site can accommodate 10,000 spectators. Finally, the town of Karuizawa , approximately 80 southwest of Nagano, hosted the curling events at Kazakoshi Park Arena . The venue was built as a multi-purpose venue. Its ice surface is 60 meters by 30. Its maximum capacity is 1,924 spectators. The town of Karuizawa also hosted the equestrian events at
8733-518: The first torch from the cauldron, and transferred its flame to a ceremonial lantern for transport to Atlanta, where it arrived on December 4 to officially launch the U.S. leg of the relay. The route of the relay covered 13,500 miles (21,700 km), passed through 300 communities and 46 U.S. states, and was carried by 12,012 torchbearers. The torch was modeled after an icicle, with a slight curve to represent speed and fluidity. The torch measures 33 inches (84 cm) long, 3 inches (7.6 cm) wide at
8856-447: The flame into one. After that, the unifield flame was used to light another torch held by then lit a cauldron who lited a torch held by Juan Antonio Samaranch . On the early hours of the 7 February morning, the final leg started and the flame travelled another 10 kilometers to the Olympic Stadium and the figure skater Midori Ito lit the cauldron at Nagano Olympic Stadium during the opening ceremonies. The Olympic Flame Relay in Japan
8979-409: The following calendar for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games, each blue box represents an event competition, such as a qualification round, on that day. The yellow boxes represent days during which medal-awarding finals for a sport are held. The number in each box represents the number of finals that were contested on that day. At the 2002 Winter Games in Salt Lake City, the "medal plaza" was popularized as
9102-433: The following features: a visitors' center which had a theater that showed a thrilling movie about the Olympic Games of 2002 and a "park" which had a dazzling pool and a V-shaped stone wall with the names of all the medalists of the 2002 Olympic Games. Besides, the park had 17 plates that hung on the stadium's fence celebrating the highlights of each day of the Olympics. All these features acted as tourist attraction that boosted
9225-410: The glass sides of the cauldron to keep the glass and metal cooled (so they would not crack or melt) and give the effect of melting ice. The cauldron was designed by WET Design of Los Angeles, its frame built by roller coaster manufacturer Arrow Dynamics of Clearfield, Utah , and its glass pieces created by Western Glass of Ogden, Utah . The cauldron's cost was $ 2 million, and it was unveiled to
9348-425: The gold medal. In Ski Jumping , Kazuyoshi Funaki won two gold medals and one silver for host Japan . The American Figure skater Tara Lipinski became the youngest champion in Olympic history at the age of 15 years and 255 days. Germany dominated the medal table with 29 medals, including 12 gold. Germany was followed by Norway and Russia, who won 25 and 18 medals respectively. Canada , which finished fourth in
9471-850: The handover ceremony was held at the Panathenaic Stadium .The flame burned from 27 to 30 December in the Ginza area, and from 31 December to 4 January in the Yoyogi Park .On the morning on that day the flame was split into three and taken by plane to three destinations: the Eastern Japan route, starting from Hokkaido ; the Pacific Ocean route, starting from Kagoshima ; and the Sea of Japan route starting in Okinawa .On 23 January,
9594-491: The higher paying jobs created by the Games, many of the vacated jobs were filled by immigrants who relocated for the better employment opportunities. Basically, the immigration rate was even larger because the employees immigrated with their families. The additional people paid diverse taxes and fees from their income, creating additional revenue on the state and local levels. Olympic related jobs in Utah started in 1996 with slight job opportunities of less than 100. However, from
9717-424: The host city and country or private investors to build, e.g., the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host the Games. Indirect capital costs are not included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging
9840-538: The job measurement conducted from 1996 to 2002, steady attainment of job opportunities established and a maximum level was noted in 2001 where there were 12,500 job opportunities attained yearly, and approximately 25,070 jobs created in 2002. Therefore, from 1996 to 2002 the sum of employment equated to 35,000 jobs which lasted a year. February 2002 is when the highest employment opportunities were created compared to other years. There were around 25,070 job opportunities created compared to 35,000 created from 1996 to 2001. It
9963-407: The local economy. During 2013–2014, Utah held 16 various winter sport events, bringing $ 27.3 million to the economy of Utah. After holding the Olympics, Utah became home to two National Governing Bodies of Sport. The U.S. Ski and Snowboard Association is headquartered in Park City, Utah and the U.S. Olympic speed skating team is based out of the Utah Olympic Oval . The University of Utah
10086-517: The medal table with 15 medals, including six gold, had its most successful Winter Olympics up until that point. The host was selected on 15 June 1991, over Salt Lake City , Östersund , Jaca and Aosta . They were the third Olympic Games and second Winter Olympics to be held in Japan, after the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo . The games were succeeded by
10209-495: The national level by Sapporo on both occasions. The games hosted 2,176 athletes from 72 nations competing in 7 sports and 68 events. The number of athletes and participating nations were a record at the time. The Games saw the introduction of women's ice hockey , curling and snowboarding . National Hockey League players were allowed to participate in the men's ice hockey for the first time. Azerbaijan , Kenya , Macedonia , Uruguay , and Venezuela made their debut at
10332-401: The number and hours of local trains were extended. During the heaviest traffic days, more cars and buses were put in service and up to 68 parking areas, for 8,000 vehicles were at available for various Olympic delegations, and another 17 parking areas for 23,000 cars for spectators. Approximately 1,200 vehicles had navigation systems which transmitted their locations in a GPS system. As one of
10455-426: The number of years between each Olympic Games, and also represent the four elements , fire, air, earth, and water. The official poster for the Games was designed by the graphic designer Masuteru Aoba presented a thrush perched on ski poles with light in the background shining on snow-capped mountain peaks. Here, as with the emblem and the mascots, the importance of the natural environment in these Olympic Games and
10578-484: The opening ceremonies, Jacques Rogge , presiding over his first Olympics as the IOC president, told the athletes of the United States: Your nation is overcoming a horrific tragedy, a tragedy that has affected the whole world. We stand united with you in the promotion of our common ideals and hope for world peace. Work on venues for the 2002 Winter Olympics began as early as 1989, following the passing of
10701-566: The organizers to prepare for the running of the Games. Five new venues were used, localized all inside city of Nagano urban area . The project to build the Olympic Stadium and the 4 arenas already existed before the idea of the bid. However, these plans were accelerated soon after the submission of the proposal to the Japanese Olympic Committee, since Nagano did not have any infrastructure to host events such as concerts or international congresses. The Nagano Olympic Stadium
10824-412: The organizing committee put up for sale 1,286,000 tickets for the various competitions and ceremonies. The number of tickets sold was 1,149,615, which represented 89.4% of available tickets. Including people connected to the Games, the total number of spectators was 1,275,529. This number was slightly higher than in 1994 as a result of the greater availability of tickets. This reflected the total capacity of
10947-415: The organizing committee to stage the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by the host city and country or private investors to build, e.g., the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host
11070-450: The outturn cost of the Nagano 1998 Winter Olympics at US$ 2.2 billion in 2015-dollars and cost overrun at 56% in real terms. This includes sports-related costs only, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by
11193-420: The principal aims of the Games was to respect nature, many vehicles were considered ecological or semi-ecological. In addition, there were more than 100 electric vehicles, hybrid mini-buses and other environmentally-friendly vehicles. The emblem of the 1998 Winter Olympics consisted of a stylized snow flower with each petal representing an athlete participating in a winter sport. The figure could also represent
11316-434: The public when originally installed at Rice–Eccles Stadium on January 8, 2002. Production for the opening and closing ceremonies was designed by Seven Nielsen, and music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters . Confirmed in 1997, this edition's sports program featured seven sports divided into 15 disciplines, totaling 78 events, an increase of 10 events over the 1998 Winter Olympics. Skeleton made its return to
11439-531: The rights to use the emblems and mascots of the Games totaled 31.3 billion yen. Sukki, Nokki, Lekki and Tsukki, also known as the Snowlets, are the 1998 Winter Olympic mascots and are four snowy owls. They represent respectively fire (Sukki), air (Nokki), earth (Lekki) and water (Tsukki) and together they represent the four major islands of Japan. The development of Rights Packages were based on International Olympic Committee policy of offering exclusive rights to
11562-526: The second point, the organizers attempted to minimize the impact on their nature and the local ecosystem. Regarding the third point, an international truce organized by the United Nations in 1997 was adopted during the games. The Nagano Olympics Games are a link to the 21st century, inspiring our search for wisdom for the new ear, respect for the beauty and bounty of nature, furtherance of peace and goodwill. Friends worldwide are welcome to share, in
11685-728: The spirit of competition and fair play, the joys and glory of the XVIII Olympic Winter Games. In June 1998, four months after the Games, the NAOC presented a donation of US$ 1 million to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne . This value come of the revenue of tickets sales and another actions from the committee. In October of the same year, NAOC also donated the 3-D high vision theater and some structures that were used in Nagano Olympic Villages to
11808-648: The stage for the ceremony featured the Hoberman Arch , an arch-shaped metal "curtain" designed by Chuck Hoberman . The largest public transport project completed for the Games was the TRAX light rail system , which first began operations ahead of the Games in 1999. To help reduce vehicle traffic to Soldier Hollow and provide a special experience for tourists, Heber Valley Railroad offered service to Wasatch Mountain State Park on steam locomotives during
11931-483: The three flames arrived on Nagano Prefecture and toured their 120 cities and municipalities. Finally, they arrived in Nagano City on the night of 6 February. The following day, after traveling through each district of the city, the relays arrived on the same time at the central square where three former athletes passed the flames to three members of the organizing committee who lited a celebration cauldron gathering
12054-493: The top, 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) at the bottom, and was designed by Axiom Design of Salt Lake City. It was created with three sections, each with its own meaning and representation. In February 1999, in response to the bid scandal and a financial shortfall for the Games, Mitt Romney , then CEO of the private equity firm Bain Capital (and future U.S. presidential candidate , U.S. Senator , and Governor of Massachusetts ),
12177-474: The total. Tickets sold for alpine skiing totaled 166,092; for ski jumping , 96,000, and speed skating , 93,000. For multiple sports, ski jumping, Nordic combined , freestyle skiing , all three skating disciplines, bobsleigh , and curling , as well as the ceremonies, all tickets were sold. By contrast,due the local demands and low interest only 56.6% of the 146,000 available tickets for cross-country skiing were sold. The Oxford Olympics Study established
12300-405: The town of Nozawaonsen , was site of biathlon . Nozawa is approximately 50 kilometers north of Nagano. At Nozawa Onsen, the stadium was built around six existing tracks. Two tracks, of 4 kilometers and 7 kilometers, were used for the Games. The stadium can accommodate 20,000 spectators. Two sites in the town of Yamanouchi , approximately 30 kilometers northeast of Nagano, were used. Giant slalom
12423-478: The university economically since the Salt Lake 2002 Olympic Cauldron Park was elevated by the renovations that took place. Ice rinks were very scarce in Utah, but they became plentiful and offered several entertainment and training opportunities for hockey players and figure skaters due to the Olympic Games. The Cauldron Park located at the University of Utah which was built with $ 6.5 million in profits and had
12546-505: The university have benefited as almost 3,500 of them would be housed here after the Games. This was a great economic benefit to the university since the amount of money used to complete such dormitories could take long to be afforded. The university was also asked to expand Rice Eccles Stadium to accommodate 50,000 people up from 32,000. The university would then be refunded almost $ 59 million and be given an extra $ 40 million for its maintenance. The 2002 Olympic Games also benefited
12669-492: Was hired as the new president and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee. Romney, Kem C. Gardner, a Utah commercial real estate developer, and Don Stirling, the Olympics' local marketing chief, raised "millions of dollars from Mormon families with pioneer roots: the Eccles family, whose forebears were important industrialists and bankers" to help rescue the Games, according to a later report. An additional US$ 410 million
12792-412: Was carried by HDNet and on the digital signals of participating NBC affiliates . Despite being held in a time zone only one hour ahead of Pacific Time , NBC still tape delayed much of its coverage for the west coast, although Salt Lake City's local NBC affiliate KSL-TV was given permission to air the live, east coast broadcasts to ensure their availability in the Games' host city. Coverage of
12915-490: Was chosen as the host of the following 2002 Winter Olympics . Following a 2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal that occurred in the summer of 2000, Atlanta , host of the 1996 Summer Olympics , Nagano , and Sydney , host of the 2000 Summer Olympics , were suspected of similar improprieties in bidding practices. Although nothing illegal was ever done, gifts to IOC members were considered morally dubious. The Nagano Olympic bid committee spent approximately $ 14 million to entertain
13038-467: Was eliminated. Finally, Nagano prevailed over Salt Lake City by just 4 votes in the fifth round of voting, becoming the third Japanese city to host the games after Tokyo in 1964 Summer Olympics and Sapporo in 1972. Nagano, at 36°N , is the southernmost city in the Northern hemisphere to host the Winter Olympics ( 1960 Winter Olympics host Squaw Valley, California is 39°N ). In June 1995, Salt Lake
13161-714: Was established in July 1986, they submitted their bid to the Japanese Olympic Committee (JOC) in November of the same year. Other Japanese cities that were bidding were Asahikawa , Yamagata , and Morioka . 1 June 1988, the JOC selected Nagano in the first round of national voting, receiving 34 of 45 votes. In 1989, the bid committee was reorganized, with the Japanese Prime Minister as head of
13284-451: Was followed by two groups of 11 vehicles and more than 20 people. The shape of the torch represented a traditional Japanese torch called taimatsu . It was built with aluminum, which was 55 centimeters long, and weighed 1.3 kilograms. The exterior of the torch was painted silver, to represent winter. Runners wore blue and white uniforms mixing the main look of the games colour blue and the white as snow. The runners' uniforms included logos for
13407-639: Was held at Mount Yakebitai at Shiga Kogen Resort , at an altitude between 1,530 and 1,969 meters. The site can accommodate 20,000 spectators. Also in Shiga Kogen, at Mount Higashidate , giant slalom events in Alpine skiing and snowboarding were held. Kanbayashi Snowboard Park was the site of the half pipe events. The track is 120 meters long and 15 meters wide, with walls of 3.5 meters. 10,000 spectators can be accommodated at Kanbayashi. The town of Iizuna , approximately 12 kilometers northwest of Nagano,
13530-475: Was held from February 8 to 24, 2002, in and around Salt Lake City , Utah , United States. Salt Lake City was selected as the host city in June 1995 at the 104th IOC Session . They were the eighth Olympics to be hosted by the United States, and the most recent to be held in the country until 2028, when Los Angeles will host the 34th Summer Olympics . The 2002 Winter Olympics and Paralympics were both organized by
13653-483: Was held in Birmingham , United Kingdom, on 15 June 1991, at the 97th IOC session . After the first round of voting, Nagano led, with Aosta and Salt Lake City tied for last. Aosta was eliminated in a run-off against Salt Lake City. After the second round of voting, Nagano led with Salt Lake City in second, and Jaca was eliminated. Following round 3, Nagano continued to lead, with Salt Lake City in second, and Östersund
13776-407: Was inaugurated five months before the start of the Games. This reduced by half the travel time between Tokyo and Nagano, to 79 minutes for 221 kilometers. The length of the track between Takasaki Station and Nagano Station is 125.7 km, which includes 63.4 km of tunnels. The high speed train network carried 655,000 passengers during the Games. Two highways, the Nagano Expressway and
13899-527: Was made of glass, allowing the fire to be seen burning within, reflecting the Games' slogan "Light the Fire Within" and an overarching "fire and ice" theme. The actual glass cauldron stands atop a twisting glass and steel support, is 12 feet (3.7 m) high, and the flame within burns at 900 °F (482 °C). Together with its support, the cauldron stands 117 feet (36 m) tall and was made of 738 individual pieces of glass. Small jets send water down
14022-682: Was narrated by Utah natives Donny and Marie Osmond (who voiced animatronic dinosaur skeletons designed by Michael Curry ), and featured performances by a number of musicians and bands, including Bon Jovi , Christina Aguilera , Creed , Dianne Reeves , Donny and Marie Osmond, Earth, Wind & Fire , Gloria Estefan , Harry Connick Jr. , Kiss , Moby and Angie Stone , NSYNC , R. Kelly , Sting , Willie Nelson , and Yo Yo Ma . It also featured appearances by figure skaters such as Kurt Browning , Dorothy Hamill , and Ilia Kulick , as well as dancer Savion Glover . Departing from Juan Antonio Samaranch 's tradition of declaring each Olympics
14145-461: Was noted that the increase of Olympic related job started in 1996 and continued until 2003. These effects can be estimated on the ground of historical relationship between job and corresponding population growth. A lot of people migrated into the future place of the Olympic Games for expanding and favorable employment opportunities that the Olympics ensured. Although residents occupied many of
14268-405: Was one of the hosts of the 2002 Winter Olympics; the planning committee approached the University of Utah and asked them to build several student dormitories which would serve as athletes' accommodation during the Games. It was agreed that the university would pay approximately $ 98 million out of the total required amount of $ 110 million to complete the construction. As a result, students of
14391-465: Was received from the federal government. U.S. federal subsidies amounted to $ 1.3 billion (for infrastructure improvements only), compared to $ 45 billion of federal funding received by the organizing committee of the 2014 Winter Olympics from the Russian government. The Games were financially successful, raising more money with fewer sponsors than any prior Olympic Games, which left SLOC with
14514-704: Was replaced by Makoto Kobayashi in 1993. The organizing committee recognized three goals for the games, which they referred to as "Games from the Heart": promote youth participation, coexistence with nature, create a festival with peace and friendship at its centre. To realize the first goal, a camp bringing together 217 young people from 51 countries was created, along with the program of "One school, one country" in Nagano Prefecture. This program organized cultural exchanges with other countries. In addition, more than 100,000 tickets were reserved for children. For
14637-781: Was selected as president of the committee. There were four Vice Presidents: Goro Yoshimura , the Governor of Nagano Prefecture; Hironoshin Furuhashi , president of the Japanese Olympic Committee ; Yoshiaki Tsutsumi , the president of the Ski Association of Japan; and Tasuku Tsukada , the Mayor of Nagano City. In addition, the Vice Minister of the Ministry of Home Affairs , Tadashi Tsuda, served as director-general. Tsuda
14760-412: Was sponsored by Coca-Cola , lasted 33 days and travelled 1.162 kilometers. A group of 5.5 million people took part in relay activities. Over the distance of the relay, which was run or skied, the flame was always followed by a group of six people: the main runner who carried the flame, some who accompanied the carrier, and four people in supporting roles, for a total of 6,901 people. In addition, each relay
14883-516: Was the principal venue of ice hockey tournament . Big Hat, located approximately 2 kilometers from Nagano Station, had a capacity of 10,104 spectators. Aqua Wing Arena was the second ice hockey arena at the Games. Shaped like a wing, it had a capacity of 6000 during the Olympics. After the Games, it was modified into an indoor swimming 25m pool. Aqua Wing is approximately 5 kilometers from Nagano Station. Its closest stations are Kita-Nagano Station and Asahi Station . M-Wave, used for speed skating ,
15006-616: Was the site of freestyle skiing and bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton at Iizuna Kogen Ski Area . 8,000 spectators can watch the free style skiing on a course that 250 meters long and 12,000 can watch the jumps. The Spiral, which held the sledding events, was the first artificially refrigerated track in Asia. It is 1700 meters long, with a difference in height of 114 meters and 15 turns. At the Spiral, approximately 40,000 saplings , mainly beech and oak , were planted two per square meter, as part of
15129-576: Was third by gold medals and second by overall medals, with 10 and 34 respectively. Australia notably became the first Southern Hemisphere country to ever win gold medals at the Winter Olympics. The Games finished with a budgetary surplus of US$ 40 million; the surplus was used to fund the formation of the Utah Athletic Foundation—which has continued to maintain the facilities built for these Olympics. The venues have continued to be used for national and international winter sports events after
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