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54-512: The river is located in the northeast Primorsky territory of Russia. The northern and western boundaries of the river's watershed form the border between Primorsky territory and Khabarovsk territory. It confluences into the Sea of Japan at Samarga, a small town on the coast of the sea. In the estuary on the sea side, there is a kind of blind creek named the "Samrga duct" which extends for about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi). Numerous small tributaries form

108-802: A dense and extensive network in the watershed of the river. The major left-hand tributaries of the Samarga, facing downstream, are: the Perepadnaya (30 kilometres (19 mi) long), the Dagdy (70 kilometres (43 mi)), the Moi (45 kilometres (28 mi)), the Isimi (45 kilometres (28 mi)), and the Agzu (30 kilometres (19 mi)). The Sobu, Zova, Dzolu, Kalashnikov, Takhalo, and Kipreinyi, among others, are minor tributaries. The major right-hand tributaries are:

162-547: A few months and later destroyed. It is usually thought that the first such camp in the general area of today's Khabarovsk was the fortified winter camp named Achansk ( Ачанск ) or Achansky gorodok ( Ачанский городок ), built by the Cossacks of Yerofey Khabarov in September 1651 after they had sailed to the area from the upper Amur. The fort was named after the local tribe whom Khabarov's people called "Achans". On October 8

216-881: A few years later. After the Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) between the Tsardom of Russia and the Qing Empire , the area became an uncontested part of China for the next century and a half. Modern historical maps of the Qing period published in China mark the site of future Khabarovsk as Bólì ( Chinese : 伯力 ). All of the middle and lower Amur region was nominally part of the Jilin Province, run first out of Ninguta and later out of Jilin City . French Jesuits who sailed along

270-556: A large amount of tribute and announcing that the locals were now subjects of the Russian Czar. A similar campaign was waged later in winter against the Ducher chief Nechiga (Нечига), farther away from Achansk. On 24 or 26 March 1652, Fort Achansk was attacked by Manchu cavalry, led by Ninguta 's commander Haise, reinforced by Ducher auxiliaries, but the Cossacks stood their ground in a day-long battle and even managed to seize

324-479: A meeting of the Great Circle of Ussuri Cossacks . On 3 November 2012, Khabarovsk was awarded the honorary title of " City of Military Glory ". On 9 July 2020, the governor of the region, Sergei Furgal , was arrested and flown to Moscow. The 2020 Khabarovsk Krai protests began on 11 July 2020 in support of Furgal. The flag of Khabarovsk displays a bear on the right (Red side) and a Siberian tiger on

378-463: A monsoonal dry-winter humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dwb borders on Dwa ). Its climate is strongly continental, featuring very warm summers and bitterly cold winters. The average annual precipitation is 696 millimeters (27.4 in), mainly concentrated in the summer. In a few years, November to March hardly receive any precipitation. The driest year was 2001 with only 381 millimeters (15.0 in) of precipitation and

432-638: A multi-story shopping mall and about a dozen hotels. Aleksandr Fedosov, the Khabarovsk Krai Minister of Culture, estimates that the city became more attractive to tourists following the 2015 Bandy World Championship . Khabarovsk is the closest major city to Birobidzhan , which is the administrative center of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast , Russia , located on the Trans-Siberian Railway , close to

486-699: A native people of the Primorsky Krai and Khabarovsk Krai regions in Russia. They live along the tributaries of the Ussuri , Amur , Khungari , and Anyuy Rivers. The Udege speak the Udege language , which belongs to the Tungusic language family . Their religious beliefs include animism , animal worship , and shamanism . The Udege are mainly engaged in hunting, fishing, and ginseng harvesting. According to

540-614: A paid high-speed bypass of the city was completed. There are the following institutions of higher education in Khabarovsk: A key street in Khabarovsk is the broad Amursky Boulevard with its many shops and a local market. The city's five districts stretch for 45 kilometers (28 mi) along the Amur River. The similar boulevard – Ussuryisky is located between the two main streets Muravyov-Amursky and Lenin street and runs to

594-569: Is Khabarovsk Novy Airport (KHV / UHHH), 198 km from the center of Birobidzhan . The headquarters of the Russian Ground Forces 's Eastern Military District is located at 15 Serysheva Street. The district was preceded by the Far Eastern Military District , which was located in the same location. The following component units of the district are stationed in the city: All 5 of these units make up

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648-554: Is 515 kilometres (320 mi). Floods are common in the summer and autumn. The Samarga watershed is so far the only place in the Primorsky territory with very high fish biodiversity and high natural fish productivity. The diversity of habitats provides for a wide variety of fish species. A wide variety of fish, nearly 20 species –such as pink salmon , masu salmon , chum salmon , cherry salmon , Dolly Varden , white-spotted char , and grayling salmon – are abundant in

702-719: Is a unique ecosystem comprising many rare species of fora and fauna, including Japanese yew , ginseng , Amur tiger , Himalayan bear , Amur mountain goral , Gould’s merganser , and Blakiston's fish owl . Rare plant species listed as endangered found in the Samarga watershed include: Japanese yew ( Taxus cuspidata Siebold et Zucc. ex Endl.), woodland peony ( Peonia obovata Maxim), ladyslippers ( Cypripedium macranthon Sw., C. calceolus L., C. guttatum Sw.), two-rowed and candlestick lilies ( Lilium distichum Nakai, L. pensylvanicum Ker-Gawl), Palibin’s edelweiss ( Leontopodium palibinianum Beauv), and false juniper ( Microbiota decussata Kom), among others. The Samarga basin

756-504: Is a walking tour from the Lenin Square to Utyos on Amur via Muravyov-Amursky Street, where visitors find traditional Russian cuisine restaurants and shops with souvenirs. There are a number of night clubs and pubs in this area. In Wintertime ice sculptures are on display on the cities squares and parks. Artists come from as far as Harbin in China. Unlike Vladivostok , the city has never been closed to foreigners, despite it being

810-651: Is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of krai significance of Khabarovsk —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the city of krai significance of Khabarovsk is incorporated as Khabarovsk Urban Okrug . Ethnic composition (2010): Primary industries include iron processing, steel milling, Khabarovsk shipyard, Daldizel, machinery, petroleum refining, flour milling, pharmaceutical industry, meatpacking and manufacturing of various types of heavy and light machinery. A high-speed international fiber-optic cable connects

864-464: Is very rich in timber , metals, and hunting and fishing resources, but because it is in an extremely remote and mountainous region, with harsh climatic conditions, the accessibility and extraction of the natural resources in this river system is very poor. There are currently four small towns in the area: Yedinka, Peretychikha, Samarga and Agzu in the watersheds of the Yedinka and Samarga. According to

918-645: The 2001 Ukrainian census , out of 40 Udeges living in Ukraine , only 8 declared Udege as their native language. Most of the Udeges in Ukraine indicated Russian (19) or Ukrainian (6) as their native language. 7 of them named another language. Until the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century Russian and Western researchers did not separate Udege and Oroch , considering them one people (often called Orochoni ). The first who substantiated their ethnic isolation

972-432: The 2015 Bandy World Championship , which was visited by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev . 21 teams were expected, which would have been 4 more than the then record-making 17 (now it's 18) from the 2014 tournament . In the end, China was the only newcomer, while Canada and Ukraine withdrew, the latter for political reasons . Khabarovsk organised the 2018 tournament as well, but not Division B that time around, which

1026-711: The China–Russia border , at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers , about 800 kilometers (500 mi) north of Vladivostok . As of the 2021 Russian census , it had a population of 617,441. The city was the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia from 2002 until December 2018, when the status was given to Vladivostok. It is the largest city in the Russian Far East , having overtaken Vladivostok in 2015. It

1080-746: The Khabarovsk Bridge across the Amur was completed, allowing Trans-Siberian trains to cross the river without using ferries (or temporary rail tracks over the frozen river in winter). During the Russian Civil War , Khabarovsk was occupied by Japan in September 1918. After the defeat of Japan in World War II , Khabarovsk was the site of the Khabarovsk War Crime Trials , in which twelve former members of

1134-551: The Russian Cossacks , who tried to expand into the region and collect tribute from the natives, and the rising Manchu Qing dynasty , who were intent on securing the region for themselves. The coastal areas had historically been the native home of the Manchu people. The Russian explorers and raiders of the 1650s set up a number of more or less fortified camps ( ostrogs ) on the Amur. Most of them were in use for only

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1188-548: The Trans-Siberian Highway ( M58 and M60 Highways), and water transport links are provided by the Amur River and Ussuri River . Public transport includes: tram (8 routes); trolleybus (4 routes); bus and fixed-route taxi ( marshrutka , approximately 100 routes). Transborder travel to China in winter ice road in summer boat on Amur river to Fuyuan (and train to Harbin ) In 2021, the construction of

1242-504: The Treaty of Aigun . The Russians founded the military outpost of Khabarovka ( Хаба́ровка ), named after Yerofey Khabarov . The post later became an important industrial center for the region. Town status was granted in 1880. In 1893, it was given its present name: Khabarovsk . In 1894, a department of the Russian Geographical Society was formed in Khabarovsk and to found libraries, theatres and museums in

1296-705: The Ussuri and the Amur Rivers in 1709 prepared the first more or less precise map of the region. According to them, the indigenous Nanai people were living on the Ussuri and on the Amur down to the mouth of the Dondon River (i.e., in the region including the site of the future Khabarovsk). These people were known to the Chinese as Yupi Dazi ("Fish skin Tartars"). In 1858, the area was ceded to Russia under

1350-478: The border with China . The Jewish Autonomous Oblast is a federal subject of Russia in the Russian Far East , bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiang province in China . Its administrative center is the town of Birobidzhan , and it is the only region in the world in which Yiddish is the official language. Khabarovsk provides the closest major airport to Birobidzhan , which

1404-412: The 2001 Census, the total population in the riverine watersheds is about 800 people, representing various ethnic groups. Out of this number, 140 belong to the Udege people , an indigenous ethnic group. The present-day Udege population of the basin lives primarily in one village – Agzu – while the residents of the remaining three towns are largely of Slavic origin. Almost the entire people of

1458-519: The 2002 census, there were 1,657 Udege in Russia, a slight increase from 1,500 in 1970. This was down to 1,496 Udege in Russia in the 2010 census. They are one of the closest ethnic groups to the Manchu and Nanai , and are possibly of Xi Yeren Jurchen origin. The largest settlements of Udege are in: Since the advent of Perestroika , the Udege, led by Pavel Sulyandziga , have been actively involved in

1512-650: The Japanese Kwantung Army and Unit 731 were put on trial for the manufacture and use of biological weapons during World War II. Chinese Emperor Puyi , captured by Soviet troops in Manchuria , was relocated to Khabarovsk and lived there from 1945 up to 1950, when he was returned to China. When Japan fell in September 1945 the United States reached an agreement with Stalin to build two U.S. Naval Advance Bases (Fleet Weather Centrals) in

1566-659: The Khabarovsk Garrison. The Russian Navy 's Pacific Fleet maintains a presence in the city as well. There is also an airbase located 3 km (1.9 mi) to the east of the city. The main public relations asset for the military in the city is the Military History Museum of the Far Eastern Military District and the district military band . The city was a host to the 1981 Bandy World Championship . It also hosted

1620-591: The Pukhi (60 kilometres (37 mi) long), the Kuksi (30 kilometres (19 mi)), and the Bolshaya Sokhatka (36 kilometres (22 mi)). The Bugu, Zaami, and Unty are minor tributaries. The Samarga’s average discharge is between 74 and 242 cubic metres (2,600 and 8,500 cu ft) per second. Its catchment area is around 7,760 square kilometres (3,000 sq mi). The length of the watershed boundary

1674-670: The Russian geographer community; petitioned by the Amur Branch of the Russian Geographical Society , the Russian Government renamed the village of Odzhal to Achan in 1977, to celebrate its connection with Khabarov's raid. As to the Cape Kyrma ruins, thought by Maack to be the remains of Achansk, B.P. Polevoy identified them as the remains of another ostrog – namely, Kosogorsky Ostrog, where Onufriy Stepanov stayed

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1728-500: The Samarga is also very interesting. The lowest part of the river – from Unty Creek to the river mouth – is a zone of pink salmon , chum , rainbow smelt , and grayling salmon. The middle part of the river – from Zova Creek to Unty Creek – is an area of pink salmon , adult masu , taimen , lenok , and grayling salmon. The upper reaches of the river – upstream from Zova Creek – are home to juvenile masu, taimen , and grayling salmon. The Samarga basin

1782-584: The USSR. The U.S. built one 10 miles (16 km) outside Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky on the Kamchatka Peninsula with the code name TAMA. The other was 20 miles (32 km) outside Khabarovsk in buildings provided by the Soviets, code-named MOKO. For mail Khabarovsk was assigned U.S.Navy number 1168, FPO San Francisco. The American use of these two bases was short-lived. On 5 November 1956,

1836-424: The attackers' supply train . Once the ice on the Amur broke in the spring of 1652, Khabarov's people destroyed their fort and sailed away. The exact location of Khabarov's Achansk has long been a subject for debate among Russian historians and geographers. A number of locations, both upstream and downstream of today's Khabarovsk, have been proposed since Richard Maack , one of the first Russian scholars to visit

1890-552: The ball for the prize of the newspaper Sovietskaya Rossia . In 1981 the Bandy World Championship was played in the city. In 1996, Khabarovsk held its first mayoral elections . Paul D. Filippov, whose candidacy was supported by Governor Viktor Ishayev , was defeated. In 1998, reconstruction of the central square of Khabarovsk was completed. In May 2000, President of Russia , Vladimir Putin , decreed that new federal districts be formed, and Khabarovsk became

1944-523: The center of the Far Eastern Federal District . In 2006, the Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, a high-tech medical center, was constructed according to a Russian national health project . In 2008, the train station was completely renovated, and the adjacent square was reconstructed to include fountains and an underground passage. In 2009, Khabarovsk hosted the EU-Russia summit . In 2010, the city hosted

1998-503: The city of Khabarovsk with the city of Fuyuan in China. The city is a principal railway center and is located along the Trans-Siberian Railway ; the rail distance of Khabarovsk railway station from Moscow is 8,523 kilometers (5,296 mi). Khabarovsk is served by the Khabarovsk Novy Airport with international flights to East Asia , Southeast Asia , European Russia , and Central Asia . Road links include

2052-466: The city's artificial lakes (Gorodskie Prudi) with the sport complex Platinum Arena. The lakes are famous for their fountains with the light show. The Military History Museum of the Far Eastern Military District is located in the city, the only such museum in the Russian Far East. Recently, there have been renovations in the city's central part, rebuilding with historical perspective. There

2106-524: The city. Since then, Khabarovsk's cultural life has flourished. Much of the local indigenous history has been well preserved in the Regional Lore Museum and Natural History Museum and in places like near the Nanai settlement of Sikachi-Alyan , where cliff drawings from more than 13,000 years ago can be found. The Khabarovsk Art Museum exhibits a rare collection of old Russian icons. In 1916,

2160-572: The course of the year. The average temperature in January is −19.2 °C (−2.6 °F) and the average for July is +21.4 °C (70.5 °F). Extremes have ranged from −40 °C (−40 °F) in January 2011 to +36.4 °C (97.5 °F) in June 2010. Khabarovsk is the administrative center of the krai and, within the framework of administrative divisions , it also serves as the administrative center of Khabarovsky District , even though it

2214-649: The first phase of the city tram was commissioned. The Khabarovsk television studio began broadcasting in 1960. On 1 September 1967, the Khabarovsk Institute of Physical Education, now the Far Eastern State Academy of Physical Culture , opened. On 14 January 1971, Khabarovsk was awarded the Order of October Revolution . In 1975 the first stage of the urban trolley opened. In 1976 the city hosted an international ice hockey tournament with

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2268-416: The fort was unsuccessfully attacked by joint forces of Achans and Duchers (who had good reasons to hate the Cossacks, due to their rather heavy-handed tribute -extraction tactics ), while many Russians were away fishing. In late November, Khabarov's people undertook a three-day campaign against the local chief Zhakshur (Жакшур) (whose name is also known in a more Russian version, Zaksor (Заксор)), collecting

2322-649: The headquarters of the Far East Military District , and retains its historically international flavor. Once the capital of the Soviet Far East (from 1926 to 1938), since the demise of the Soviet Union , it has experienced an increased Asian presence. It is estimated that over one million Chinese travel to and through Khabarovsk yearly, and foreign investment by Japanese and Korean corporations have grown in recent years. The city has

2376-486: The left (blue side), holding a yellow shield with a blue reversed pall and a red fish . The flag is a representation of the coat of arms of Khabarovsk. The flag was adopted on 30 October 2007 and is 2:3 in ratio. The city is located 30 kilometers (19 mi) from the China–Russia border, at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers, about 800 kilometers (500 mi) north of Vladivostok . Khabarovsk experiences

2430-460: The region, identified Achansk in 1859 with the ruins on Cape Kyrma, which is located on the southern (Chinese) shore of the Amur, upstream of Khabarovsk. The most widely accepted point of view is probably that of Boris Polevoy , who believed that Khabarov's Achansk was located in the Nanai village later known as Odzhal- Bolon ( Russian : Оджал-Болонь ), located on the left bank of the Amur, closer to Amursk than to Khabarovsk. One of his arguments

2484-501: The river and its tributaries. The river basin is also home to the largest population of a rare salmonid species – Sakhalin taimen . The Anadromous salmon (pink, masu, chum, and the less abundant coho ) comprise a substantial part of the river biomass. The pink salmon stock is the largest, comprising 10% of the total population of pink salmon of the Russian mainland Sea of Japan coast. Masu salmon stocks rank second after pinks, and char are fairly abundant. The production topography of

2538-404: The river system is actively involved in fishing – pink salmon and Dolly Vardena only. Notes Bibliography Khabarovsk Khabarovsk ( / ˈ x ɑː b ə r ɒ f s k / KHAH-bə-rofsk ; Russian : Хабаровск [xɐˈbarəfsk] ) is the largest city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai , Russia , located 30 kilometers (19 mi) from

2592-535: The struggle for control over their traditional territories along the Bikin River . A central objective has been the establishment of a Territory of Traditional Natural Resource Use of federal status, which was proposed in cooperation with the national umbrella organisation RAIPON and the Russian Institute of Anthropology and Ethnography but failed to be approved by the authorities. According to

2646-544: The wettest was 1981 when 1,105 millimeters (43.5 in) of precipitation fell. The wettest month was August 1981 with a total precipitation of 434 millimeters (17.1 in). Due to high summer humidity , overnight lows remain mild to warm during several months. Snowfall is common, though light, with an average maximum snow height of 16 centimeters (6.3 in). During peak winter, highs above freezing are very rare. The city's extreme climate sees daily average high and low temperatures vary by around 50 °C (90 °F) over

2700-521: Was S. N. Brajilovsky . He was also the first to introduce the ethnonym Udihe, Udiheitsi (Russian: удээ, удэхэ, удихэ ), which became an official, in particular autoethnonym already in the 1930s. Until that time, the Udege did not have a common self-name. Each territorial group had its own self-name: Hungarian – Hungake, Bikinska – Bikinka, Anyuyska – Uninka, and so on. Also known is the eхonym Udege Kekari (Russian: кекари ) — so called udege neighboring peoples, mainly Orochi and Manchzhur, and this term

2754-678: Was held in Chinese Harbin . The event was named by the Federal Agency for Tourism as one of the best 200 events of the year. A delegation from the 2022 Winter Olympics organising committee visited Khabarovsk to watch matches in the bandy league to study the plans if the sport was to be added to the Games program. Khabarovsk is twinned with: Udege people The Udege (Russian: Удэгейцы ; Udihe : удиэ or удиһе , or Udihe, Udekhe, and Udeghe correspondingly) are

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2808-447: Was known as Khabarovka until 1893. As is typical of the interior of the Russian Far East, Khabarovsk has an extreme climate with strong seasonal swings resulting in strong, cold winters and relatively hot and humid summers. Historical records indicate that a city was founded on the site in the eighth century. The Tungusic peoples are indigenous to the city's vicinity. The city was named Boli ( 伯力 ; Bólì ) in Chinese when it

2862-530: Was part of the Chinese empire. During the Tang dynasty, Boli was the capital of Heishui Protectorate, called Heishui Duhufu. In AD 722, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (唐玄宗) established Heishui Protectorate and gave self-rule to Heishui Mohe tribes. The seat of this administrative region was then established near today's Khabarovsk. In the mid-17th century, the Amur Valley became the scene of hostilities between

2916-438: Was that both Khabarov's Achan (sometimes also spelt by the explorer as Otshchan, Отщан), and Wuzhala (乌扎拉) of the Chinese records of the 1652 engagement are based on the name of the Nanai clan "Odzhal" (Оджал), corresponding to the 20th-century name of the village as well. (The name of the clan was also written as "Uzala", as in the name of its best-known member, Dersu Uzala ). Polevoy's view appeared to gain wide support among

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