36-577: The Samish Indian Nation is a federally-recognized tribe of Samish people ( Samish : Xws7ámesh ) located in Skagit County, Washington . The Samish Indian Nation is a signatory to the Treaty of Point Elliott of 1855 and has a government-to-government relationship with the United States of America. The Samish are a Northern Straits branch of Central Coast Salish peoples . The Samish Nation
72-501: A longhouse , and research library. Attached is a 50 acres (20 ha) nature preserve. The Tulalip Tribes are headquartered in Tulalip, Washington. The tribe is governed by a seven-member, democratically elected Board of Directors, whose members fill designated roles as officers. Directors are elected to serve three year terms. The current tribal administration is as follows: The Tulalip Tribes has defined its rules for membership in
108-577: A branch of the large Salish(an) language family (Tim Montler 1999: "Language and dialect variation in Straits Salishan". Anthropological Linguistics 41 (4): 462–502, Kuipers, Aert H. Salish Etymological Dictionary. Missoula, MT: Linguistics Laboratory, University of Montana, 2002. ISBN 1-879763-16-8 ) Coast Salish . In 1990, the Canadian Museum of Civilization published A Phonology, Morphology, and Classified Word List for
144-519: A gym and commons center. In 2022, the Tulalip Tribes announced plans to build their own elementary school that would use an alternative, indigenous-focused education model that had been trialed at Heritage High School. The tribe has developed Quil Ceda Village as a municipality within the reservation. It also developed a business park to provide jobs and tax income for the tribe, and to diversify its economy. Situated alongside Interstate 5 ,
180-399: A major shopping and business center along Interstate 5 in the 1990s, aiming to attract the auxiliary support facility of Naval Station Everett as its main tenant, but an agreement broke down. The 800-acre (320 ha) center, named Quil Ceda Village , was built in the early 2000s alongside a new casino and outlet mall . The tribe's original casino was renamed to Quil Ceda Creek Casino and
216-519: A non-Indian person in a criminal case on the reservation. Through the passage of the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 (VAWA 2013) , signed into law on March 7, 2013, by President Barack Obama , tribal courts have been authorized to exercise special criminal jurisdiction over certain crimes of domestic and dating violence. This new law generally took effect on March 7, 2015. It also authorized
252-558: A proposed commercial development site on Highway 20 and Thompson Road in Anacortes; Samish Nation administration complexes on Commercial Avenue in downtown Anacortes and on Highway 20 in Summit Park; Samish Longhouse preschool and child care center; the waterfront Cannery Building adjacent to Seafarers Memorial Park; and uplands and tidelands on Mud Bay on Lopez Island. Through cooperative agreements and cultural exchanges fostered by
288-618: A reservation was not fulfilled, but the Samish Nation has been building a land base since the 1990s. The Samish Nation now owns more than 200 acres, including 78 acres held in trust at Campbell Lake on Fidalgo Island. Other lands: Fidalgo Bay Resort, site of landings during the annual Canoe Journey; Huckleberry Island, which was granted to Samish by the State of Washington with the provision that it remain open for public use; additional acreage on Campbell Lake; agricultural land on Thomas Creek;
324-528: A stone hammer (Karshner Museum and Center for Culture and Arts). While English is commonly spoken, the traditional language is Samish , a dialect of Straits Salish , a Central Salish language. The Nation's language preservation program has recorded more than 60 hours of interviews with fluent speakers; language program manager Kelly Popólxmot Hall teaches the Samish language. The Nation hosts Camp Samish every year. Regularly-scheduled classes give Samish people
360-634: A voluntary "Pilot Project" to allow certain tribes to begin exercising special jurisdiction beginning February 20, 2014. Three tribes were selected for this Pilot Project: the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation ( Oregon ), the Pascua Yaqui Tribe ( Arizona ), and the Tulalip Tribes of Washington. The tribes speak English and Lushootseed , a Central Salish language . The language
396-533: Is headquartered in Anacortes, Fidalgo Island, in Washington , north of Puget Sound. The Washington state ferry Samish , dedicated in summer 2015, is named for the Samish Nation. The Samish Nation is a signatory to the Point Elliott Treaty of 1855; ravaged by introduced diseases, only 150 Samish people remained of an earlier population of 2,000. The treaty established several reservations in
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#1732787960926432-560: Is in Anacortes, Washington . The Nation is governed by a democratically elected council: Government departments: Chelángen, Education, Elders, Head Start/ELC, Health, Housing, Social Services, Natural Resources, Vocational Rehabilitation. Leslie Eastwood, a citizen of the Samish Nation, is the government's general manager. The Samish Nation's historical territory includes west Fidalgo Island , Guemes Island, Samish Island, Lopez Island, and southeast San Juan Island. A 19th century promise of
468-832: Is written in the Latin script . A dictionary and grammar have been published. The tribe established its own language department in the 1990s to promote and preserve the use of Lushootseed across the region. Marysville Pilchuck High School began offering Lushootseed classes to its students in 2019. The Tulalip Tribes own and operate Tulalip Bingo, Quil Ceda Deli, Canoes Carvery, Cedars Cafe, Eagles Buffet, Tulalip Bay Restaurant, Journeys East, The Draft Sports Bar & Grill, Tulalip Resort Casino , Quil Ceda Creek Nightclub and Casino, Torch Grill, and Q Burgers, all located in Tulalip, Washington. With revenues generated by their successful casinos, they have invested and developed other businesses to diversify their economy. The tribe began development of
504-547: The San Juan Islands . In 1847, Samish had more than 2,000 members. Epidemics of measles , smallpox , and ague , and attacks from Haida and Tsimshian from the north diminished the population to approximately 150 members in one village by 1855, at the time of the signing of the Point Elliott Treaty . After the Treaty, some Samish moved to the Swinomish or Lummi reservations. Though 113 Samish were present at
540-799: The Tulalip Tribes of the Tulalip Reservation . They are also enrolled in the Samish Indian Nation , formerly known as the Samish Indian Tribe, which regained federal recognition in 1996. The name "Samish" is an Anglicization of the Samish name, Xws7ámesh , meaning "people who are there/who exist." The Samish fished in the islands and channels off the coast of Skagit County, Washington . The Samish had villages on Samish , Guemes , and Fidalgo Islands , and fished and harvested resources there and in
576-614: The Pacific Northwest Coast . Their tribes are located in the mid- Puget Sound region of Washington . Tulalip leader John McCoy was a member of the Washington State Legislature from 2003 to 2020. For a time he served as the only Native American in the legislature, at other times being joined by Jeff Morris, an Alaskan Native (Tsimpshian) who was elected in 1996 with two other Alaskan Natives, Dino Rossi (Tlingit) and Jim Dunn (Aleut). In 2002,
612-601: The Samish Dialect of Straits Salish, by Brent D. Galloway (Canadian Ethnology Service, Mercury Series Paper #116). This is the first grammatical sketch and extensive word list for the Samish dialect; it was based on linguistic field work by Galloway with the last-known remaining speakers. Galloway's recorded tapes are on file with the Museum of Civilization and the Samish Nation. Three or four fluent or partially fluent speakers remain as of 2013. Tulalip Tribes of
648-404: The Samish Nation, numerous ancestral objects have been returned to Samish, among them a house post from the last longhouse on Guemes Island (Burke Museum); a canoe believed to date from ca. 1855 (San Juan Island Historical Museum); and 11 baskets, four hats, two cattail mats, two weaving shuttles, two mesh sticks used in making nets, a wooden serving dish, a wooden water bucket, a piece of twine, and
684-544: The Skagit, and when they went to the Swinomish Reservation, they received only six household land allotments for the entire Tribe. Many members went to Guemes Island to establish New Guemes (now referred to as "Potlatch Beach"), where they built a longhouse that housed more than 100 people. By 1912, the Samish had either moved onto the Swinomish Reservation or into other communities. They had been pushed off
720-504: The Tulalip Reservation The Tulalip Tribes of Washington ( / t ʊ ˈ l eɪ l ɪ p / , Lushootseed : dxʷlilap ), formerly known as the Tulalip Tribes of the Tulalip Reservation , is a federally recognized tribe of Duwamish , Snohomish , Snoqualmie , Skagit , Suiattle , Samish , and Stillaguamish people . They are South and Central Coast Salish peoples of indigenous peoples of
756-469: The Tulalip Tribes also exerted political power by allying with other tribes across the state and defeating a state Supreme Court candidate "with a long track record of opposing tribal interests." The term Tulalip (originally Lushootseed : dxʷlilap ) comes from the Snohomish dialect . It was used in 1855 to describe the tribes who joined together on the Tulalip Reservation established by treaty with
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#1732787960926792-503: The Washington state legislature, where he first served as the only Native American member. In addition, in the 2002 election, the Tulalip worked with other tribes in the state to defeat a candidate for the state Supreme Court who had a long record of opposing tribal interests. Seven other Native Americans have since been elected to the state legislature, including Julie Johnson ( Lummi ). Only one Native American state representative
828-562: The area, including nearby Swinomish, but many Samish chose to remain on islands in their ancestral areas, among them Fidalgo, Guemes and the San Juans. The Samish Nation was mistakenly left off of a BIA list of federally recognized indigenous nations in 1969, and subsequently was left out of a court ruling upholding treaty fishing rights. Samish won restoration of its federal recognition in 1996 and began acquiring land and working toward restoration of its treaty rights. The Nation's headquarters
864-426: The business park includes the tribe's first gaming casino, Quil Ceda Creek Casino; the second, the $ 72 million Tulalip Resort Casino , and a $ 130 million associated 12-story luxury hotel. Retail businesses include Walmart and Home Depot . In 2004, the tribe signed a deal with Chelsea Property Group to develop an outlet mall on the reservation. The company agreed to develop 100 to 120 stores on 47 acres of land near
900-505: The city and the reservation. To accommodate a growing population, in 2008 it opened three new schools, built of prefabricated, modular units that operate and look like traditional construction, at its site on the reservation. This large campus is now called the Marysville Secondary Campus; it contains Heritage High School, Marysville Arts and Technology High School , and an elementary school. The two high schools share
936-562: The federal government. They included the Duwamish , Snohomish , Snoqualmie , Skagit , Suiattle , Samish , and Stillaguamish peoples , all of whom are South and Central Coast Salish peoples . The Tulalip Indian Reservation was established by the Treaty of Point Elliot in 1855 and by Executive Order of US President Ulysses S. Grant on January 22, 1873. The reservation lies on Port Susan in western Snohomish County , adjacent to
972-594: The island by white settlers, as the Samish had occupied the land with the only fresh water. In 1926, a formal constitution was written by the Samish. They later altered it, but included a plan for electoral government. In 1971, in settlement of their land claim against the federal government, the Tribe was awarded US$ 5,754.96 for lands taken by the Point Elliott Treaty. The judgment deemed that they had exclusively occupied 9,233 acres (37 km ) of land at
1008-490: The opportunity to learn basket making, hat making, and other cedar work. Samish people The Samish ( Samish : Xws7ámesh ) are a Native American people who live in the U.S. state of Washington . They are a Central Coast Salish people . Through the years, they were assigned to reservations dominated by other Tribes, for instance, the Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation of Washington and
1044-464: The reservation. The tribe has long-term plans to use the bridge for a multi-use pedestrian and bicycling trail that would connect to a proposed Amtrak Cascades station in Marysville. The Tulalip Tribes has begun to act more in local and state politics, at times in alliance with other Native American tribes in the state. In November 2002, John McCoy , a longtime Tulalip leader, was elected to
1080-548: The time of the treaty. In 1996, the Samish were officially re-recognized by the U.S. government. In 1998, they changed their official name to the Samish Indian Nation . The Samish language is a dialect of the Northern Straits Salish (Lkungen) language; a close sister language is Southern Straits Salish (Clallam or Klallam. Both are in the Central Coast Salish branch of Coast Salish, itself
1116-526: The treaty negotiations and signing, no Samish signed the Point Elliott Treaty. The Samish were attached to the treaty by the signature of the Lummi chief Chow-its-hoot. Lacking a reservation of their own, many Samish were sent to live on the reservations of the Lummi or the Swinomish . However, many Samish refused to go to the reservations and stayed in their traditional territory. They were often confused with
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1152-602: The tribe's casino and the Quil Ceda Business Park. The contract is expected to yield $ 1.2 million annually in revenues for the tribe. The deal runs for 75 years. The outlet mall, Seattle Premium Outlet, opened in 2005; a variety of restaurants have also opened. In August 2011, the tribe opened the 23,000 square feet (2,100 m ) Hibulb Cultural Center and Natural History Preserve on the reservation. The center includes museum exhibits of Tulalip history and artifacts, classrooms, an archaeological repository,
1188-502: The tribe. Membership is based on January 1, 1935, Tulalip census roll; new applicants must prove descent from persons on that roll and that their parents were residents of the Tulalip Reservation at the time of the individual's birth. It does not require a minimum blood quantum . The US Supreme Court 's majority opinion in Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe (1978) affirmed that tribal courts were not allowed to have jurisdiction over
1224-436: The western border of the city of Marysville . It has a land area of 34.7 square miles (90 km ; 22,200 acres) and a 2020 census population of 10,969 persons residing within its boundaries. The reservation's largest community is Tulalip Bay . The Tulalip people settled onto reservation lands after signing the Point Elliott Treaty with the former Washington Territory on January 22, 1855. The reservation now comprises
1260-508: The western half of the Marysville–Tulalip community, which was divided by the construction of Interstate 5 in the 1950s and 1960s. Marysville is an incorporated city and lies east of the freeway. A 2,000-acre (810 ha) section of the reservation was home to a federal ammunition depot established during World War II and later used by Boeing for chemical weapons testing and storage. The Marysville School District serves both
1296-481: Was replaced by a new, 126,700-square-foot (11,770 m ) building in 2021. The tribe also operates two gas stations that opened in 2009 and 2011 with discounts for tribal members. The gas stations were originally supplied by Chevron , but switched to a Yakama Nation -owned distributor in 2022. The Tulalip Tribes owns a disused railroad bridge over Interstate 5 at the north end of Quil Ceda Village that had been used by Boeing for access to its engine test site on
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