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14-572: The territory of San Martín can be divided into four morphological zones: The Huallaga River is one of the most important rivers in the region. It forms, together with its tributaries a hydrographical system which drains all of the region's territory. The Pongo de Aguirre is an important canyon formed by the Huallaga going through the Andean hills. Tupac Yupanqui entered and subdued the Inca dominion,

28-479: A cold semi-arid climate ( Köppen climate classification : BSk ). The anthropologists Ed and Chris Franquemont lived among the Chinchero people during the 1970s, studying traditional textile production techniques. Their daughter Abby Franquemont , having spent her childhood within a spinning culture, later became a revivalist of hand spinning with the spindle . This Cusco Region geography article

42-634: A map named "Planning for the course of the Huallaga and Ucayali Rivers and for the Pampa del Sacramento". On August 19, 1821, Moyobamba was the first Peruvian city in declaring its independence. The construction of a highway in recent years has increased the exchange of different products, benefitting the economy of this region. The region is divided into 10 provinces ( Spanish : provincias , singular: provincia ), which are composed of 78 districts ( distritos , singular: distrito ). The provinces, with their capitals in parentheses, are: Gran Pajáten

56-601: A roughly 10-month-long voyage of exploration into the Pacific around 1470, under the reign of his father, reportedly visiting islands he called Nina Chumpi ("fire belt") and Hawa Chumpi ("outer belt", also spelled Avachumpi, Hahua chumpi ). The voyage is mentioned in the History of the Incas by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa , as well as in the works of Martín de Murúa and Miguel Cabello de Balboa . Pedro Sarmiento described

70-589: A special fondness for the city of Quito , which he rebuilt with architects from Cuzco . During this time his father Pachacuti reorganized the kingdom of Cuzco into the Tawantinsuyu , the "region of four provinces". Topa Inca led extensive military conquests to extend the Inca empire across much of Southern America. He became Sapa Inca (sole ruler) in his turn upon his father's death in 1471, ruling until his own death in 1493. He conquered Chimor , which occupied

84-525: A young age. Topa Inca launched multiple large-scale expeditions to the north during his period as Auqui, subduing regions such as Hatun Xauxa, the Bombon Plateau, and Huaylas . Cities and sites the army he commanded besieged and captured at this time include Curamba, Huaylla-Pucara, Canta, and, most importantly, Chan Chan . He extended the realm along the Andes through modern Ecuador , and developed

98-454: Is a pre Inca complex of circular slate buildings decorated with figures of flying condors situated on the border with La Libertad . Due to its difficult access, tourism is not yet possible at the site. Tupac Yupanqui Topa Inca Yupanqui or Túpac Inca Yupanqui ( Quechua : Tupa Inka Yupanki ~ Thupaq Inka Yupanki ), also Topa Inga Yupangui , erroneously translated as "noble Inca accountant" (before 1471 – 1493)

112-512: The district are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (81.49%) learnt to speak in childhood, 17.95% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language ( 2007 Peru Census ). Chinchero has a dry-winter subpolar oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cwc ), that borders very closely on both a tundra climate ( Köppen climate classification : ET ), and

126-427: The expedition as follows: Historians and anthropologists such as María Rostworowski , Waldemar Espinoza, José Antonio del Busto Duthurburu and Jean Hervé Daude, believe that the two islands mentioned by the chroniclers are Mangareva and Easter Island , where oral traditions have claimed that a group of long-eared hanau eepe came to the island from an unknown land. Some historians, however, are skeptical that

140-773: The northern coast of what is now Peru , the largest remaining rival to the Incas. He conquered the province of Antisuyu and subdued the Qulla people . He imposed rules and taxes, creating two Suyuyoc Apu (Governor Generals), one in Jauja and the other in Tiahuanaco . The fortress Saksaywaman , established by Pachacuti on the high plateau above Cusco, was constructed throughout Topa Inca Yupanqui's reign. Topa Inca died about 1493 in Chincheros , leaving two legitimate sons, and 90 illegitimate sons and daughters. Chuqui Ocllo, one of

154-538: The province of Moyobamba , known back then by its native name, Muyupampa. In 1539, Spaniard Alonso de Alvarado reached the Mayo River and founded a city he named Santiago de los Valles de Moyobamba , which later became the capital of Maynas . Another important personality was Priest Manuel Sobreviela who, between 1787 and 1790, accomplished traveling across the Huallaga River and subsequently published

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168-669: The voyage ever took place. Chinchero District Chinchero District is one of seven districts of the Urubamba Province in Peru . The town of Chinchero is the capital of the district. It is the location for the proposed Chinchero International Airport , which would serve travelers to the Cusco Region . One of the highest peaks of the district is Hatun Luychu at approximately 4,400 m (14,400 ft). Other mountains are listed below: The people that live in

182-470: The wives of Topa Yupanqui, convinced him that his son Capac Huari would succeed him, however, Topa Inca Yupanqoi changed his mind and decided on his son Titu Cusi Hualpa (who would later become emperor Huayna Capac ). This provoked anger in Chuqui Ocllo and she poisoned Topa Inca. She and her favorite son were both killed soon after Topa Inca's death. Topa Inca Yupanqui is also credited with leading

196-599: Was the tenth Sapa Inca (1471–93) of the Inca Empire , fifth of the Hanan dynasty. His father was Pachacuti , and his son was Huayna Capac . Topa Inca belonged to the Qhapaq Panaca (one of the clans of Inca nobles). His quya (principal wife) was his older sister, Mama Ocllo . His father appointed him to head the Inca army before his reign as emperor, granting him the title of Auqui , or crown prince, at

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