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20-453: San Amaro is a municipality in the province of Ourense , in the autonomous community of Galicia , Spain . It belongs to the comarca of O Carballiño . Its name is a homage to Saint Amaro . This article about a location in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ourense (province) Ourense ( Galician: [owˈɾɛnsɪ] ; Spanish : Orense [oˈɾense] )

40-661: A decree from 1133 listing the prices of foodstuffs sold in Santiago de Compostela which listed Ribeiro wine as the most expensive commodity. A few centuries later, Ribeiro wine was exported to the rest of Spain as well as Europe, with the English as the main customers outside the Iberian Peninsula . By the 15th and 16th centuries, wine was Ribeiro's main export and was traded throughout Spain and Europe, reaching France, Portugal , Italy, and especially Great Britain. From

60-457: Is a province of Spain , in the southeastern part of the autonomous community of Galicia . It is bordered by the provinces of Pontevedra to the west, Lugo to the north, León and Zamora , (which both belong to Castile and León ) to the east, and by Portugal to the south. With an area of 7,278 square km., it is the only landlocked province in Galicia. The provincial capital, Ourense ,

80-586: Is a Spanish Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) ( Denominación de Orixe Protexida in Galician ) for wines located in the northwest of the province of Ourense ( Galicia , Spain), in the valleys formed by the Avia , Miño , and Arnoia rivers. It extends over the territories of nine municipalities in their entirety and includes parishes in five others. The first mention of viticulture in Ribeiro comes from

100-555: Is also considerable pig breeding and potato growing, especially around the area of Xinzo da Limia, in the drained lakebed of Antela, which until the 1960s was the largest fresh-water lake in Spain. The province has several protected areas and some natural parks, including: Of the province's population of 309,986 (2018), about 30 per cent in the capital, Ourense, with 105,000 inhabitants. There are 92 municipalities in Ourense. Other than

120-603: Is considered as a precedent for modern appellations of origin and is recognized by the WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) as the first precursor to a geographical indication in Spanish law. In the 19th century, the successive crises of powdery mildew , downy mildew , and phylloxera devastated the region. After the phylloxera epidemic ended, much of the region was replanted to disease-resistant and highly productive varieties like Palomino and Garnacha Tintoreira , to

140-569: Is located in a transitional zone of Galicia, with characteristics of a Mediterranean climate softened by the Atlantic influence due to its short distance from the ocean. Mountain ranges to the west and north of the wine region protect it from winds and rain from the Atlantic via the Foehn effect , increasing the continental character of Ribeiro's climate and increasing diurnal shift, which preserves freshness and encourages phenolic ripening. Meanwhile,

160-414: Is the largest population centre, with the rest of the province being predominantly rural. Ourense (in Galician ) is the official name adopted by Parliament in Spain, according to Law 2/1998. Ourense is surrounded by mountains on all sides. These mountains historically isolated the province from the more populated Galician coast. Until a highway was built in recent years linking Ourense with Vigo in

180-562: The Lindoso reservoir is on this river as it crosses the border into Portugal. The Tâmega River , another important Portuguese river begins north of Verín . The mountainous terrain and isolation have kept the province economically challenged and encouraged much emigration to the rest of Spain and to the New World. There is some wine production along the Miño valley and near Verín . There

200-598: The Consejo Regulador has promoted single-variety wines made from Treixadura. White wines make up 90% of production, and are usually young wines made from a blend of Treixadura and other permitted white grape varieties. They are characterized by high acidity, ABV between 9 and 13%, and aromas of ripe and fresh fruits, floral notes, honey, and aromatic herbs. Red wines represent around 9% of production and are characterized by aromas of red and black fruits, floral notes of violets, licorice, and spices. Viño Tostado

220-610: The capital city of Ourense. One of the largest poultry processing companies is also located in the industrial zone near that city. The province has also four wine regions , out of five in the whole region of Galicia. Ribeiro , Ribeira Sacra , Monterrei and Valdeorras . Although not a major tourist center, tourism contributes somewhat to the economy. The river valleys attract holidaymakers, and there are several preserved medieval towns ( Allariz and Ribadavia ). 42°10′N 7°30′W  /  42.167°N 7.500°W  / 42.167; -7.500 Ribeiro (DO) Ribeiro

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240-449: The capital the most important are O Barco de Valdeorras , Verín , Ribadavia , Allariz , A Rua , O Carballiño , Viana do Bolo , and Xinzo de Limia . As of 2018, Ourense has the lowest birthrate of any Spanish province, posting a population growth rate of -2,993. The historical population is given in the following chart: Industries include chemical manufacture, milk production, water bottling near Verín, and clothing manufacture near

260-592: The detriment of the native varieties. In 1932, Ribeiro became one of the first official Denominaciones de Origen in Spain with the passage of the Estatuto del Vino. Wine production during most of the 20th century was mostly limited to bulk wine made from Palomino and Garnacha Tintorera. In 1956, the Regulatory Council for D.O. Ribeiro was approved by the Ministry of Agriculture . Later a second regulation

280-965: The maritime influence of Atlantic winds which enter Ribeiro via the Miño River creates a greater Atlantic character as the elevation rises, limiting grape cultivation to approximately 450 meters above sea level. Average annual temperatures are 14.5 °C and average annual rainfall is 950mm. The vines receive a maximum of around 1900 hours of sunlight per year. Principal white grape varieties include: Treixadura , Torrontés , Godello , Lado, Caíño Branco , Loureiro , and Albariño . Principal red grape varieties include: Caíño Tinto , Caíño Bravo , Caíño Longo, Ferrón, Sousón , Mencía , and Brancellao . Other permitted grape varieties include: Palomino , Albillo , Garnacha Tintureira , and Tempranillo . Ribeiro produces white, red, and sweet wines made from native varieties. Traditionally, wines were made from blends of different grapes, although in recent years

300-409: The monasteries became the main drivers of viticulture in the region, encouraging the plantation of vineyards through feudal contracts. In addition to the monasteries, aristocratic families of large and medium-sized landowners also acquired vineyards in the region beginning in the 11th century. Wine from Ribeiro became one of the most prized commodities in medieval Galicia, evidenced by the approval of

320-610: The most characteristic soils of the region is a type of decomposed granite known in Galician as sábrego. The region also has shale - and schist -based soils, as well as soils developed from sedimentary materials with more loamy textures. Ribeiro has seen intense vineyard cultivation since ancient times. Many vineyards are planted on terraces called socalcos which reduce slopes and facilitate cultivation.Most soils in Ribeiro are poor in organic matter and acidic, but vineyard soils often differ significantly from natural soils, since man has been cultivating them for generations. Ribeiro

340-491: The port cities of Pontevedra , Vigo , Baiona , and A Coruña , Ribeiro wine was transported to Brittany , Flanders, and especially England. Amid this success, attempts to pass off lesser-quality wine as Ribeiro became more frequent. To guarantee the quality of the wines being sold, the Ordinances of Ribadavia (1579) were written to codify wine-growing areas and aspects related to wine production and sales. This document

360-596: The west and Benavente in the east, the only quick way for people to enter or leave the province was by railway. The principal river system is the Miño-Sil, the fertile valleys of which produce corn (maize) and grapes for wine. Due to the many rapids these rivers are not navigable, but they have been harnessed for hydroelectric power. The Sil flows through a deep canyon and has become a sought-after tourist site for its river cruises and views. The Limia River begins north of Xinzo de Limia and flows south towards Portugal;

380-504: The writings of Strabo in the 2nd century BCE. Ancient stone wine presses dating from that period further prove the prevalence of winemaking during this period. After the fall of the Roman Empire , little is known about winemaking in the Ribeiro until the medieval period , when Christian monks founded several important monasteries in the Ribeiro region. These monks expanded viticulture to supply local monasteries with wine, and

400-453: Was published in 1976, which was modified in 2004, to include Viño Tostado as a protected product based on its historical production. Since the 1980s, Ribeiro has slowly recovered local grapes, recovering and creating new plantations through vineyard reconversion and restructuring programs financed by the Xunta de Galicia . Most of Ribeiro's soils are granitic , with sandy loam textures. One of

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