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36-737: It is included in the Circeo National Park . Sites include the Grotta Guattari , one of the oldest Neanderthal sites in Italy, in which remains of nine Neanderthals were discovered. Capo Circeo Lighthouse is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the old town. In the treaty signed between Carthage and Rome in 509 BC , the Carthaginians agreed not to harm Circeii. In 209 BC, during the Second Punic War , Circeii

72-655: A circle with their heads near its centre. While each of the animals appears to have two ears, only three ears are depicted. The ears form a triangle at the centre of the circle and each is shared by two of the hares. The image has been traced from Christian churches in the English county of Devon right back along the Silk Road to China, via western and eastern Europe and the Middle East. Before its appearance in China, it

108-598: A hare. The hare was once regarded as an animal sacred to Aphrodite and Eros because of its high libido. Live hares were often presented as a gift of love. In European witchcraft , hares were either witches' familiars or a witch who had transformed themself into a hare. Now pop mythology associates the hare with the Anglo-Saxon goddess Ēostre as an explanation for the Easter Bunny , but is wholly modern in origin and has no authentic basis. In European tradition,

144-501: A maximum depth of 27 meters. The section nearer to the sea is home to short vegetation, housing a number of small size wildlife including the European badger, foxes, lizards and beetles. Farther from the sea are bigger plants, such as the prickly juniper and mastic , up to true trees like the maritime pine and the holm oak, or, near the lakes (see following section), the alder , fraxinus , poplar and willow . The humid area of

180-531: A much-prized dish enjoyed in Greece and Cyprus and communities in the diaspora. The hare (and in recent times, the rabbit) is a staple of Maltese cuisine . The dish was presented to the island's Grandmasters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta , as well as Renaissance Inquisitors resident on the island, several of whom went on to become pope . According to Jewish tradition , the hare

216-464: A plain and coastal area. It reaches from approximately Pontinia in the north to Sabaudia in the south. The park can be divided into five main habitats : the forest, the promontory, the littoral dune, the humid area and the island of Zannone. The forest included in the park, occupying a grossly square sector between the SS 148 Pontina state road and the coast of San Felice Circeo , is the last relic of

252-419: A series of canals. Other species present in the area include badger , wild boar, fox , crested porcupine , wild weasel, and European hedgehog . Vegetation is composed, on the lakes' shores, by salicornia (Arthrocnemum glaucum) , inula and tamarisk among the others. Apart the lakes, there are some further smaller marshy area in which Italian Mediterranean buffalo shepherding is practiced. Zannone

288-478: A strip of coastal land from Anzio to Terracina , including also a sector of forest in the mainland of San Felice Circeo , and the island of Zannone . The park was established by order of Benito Mussolini , under advice from Senator Raffaele Bastianelli , to preserve the last remains of the Pontine Marshes which were being reclaimed in that period. It is the only national park in Italy to occupy only

324-446: A tall jug that stands in a pan of water. It traditionally is served with the hare's blood (or the blood is added right at the end of the cooking process) and port wine . Jugged hare is described in an influential 18th-century English cookbook, The Art of Cookery by Hannah Glasse , with a recipe titled, "A Jugged Hare", that begins, "Cut it into little pieces, lard them here and there ..." The recipe goes on to describe cooking

360-420: A time. Normally a shy animal, the European brown hare changes its behavior in spring, when it can be seen in daytime chasing other hares. This appears to be competition between males (called bucks ) to attain dominance for breeding. During this spring frenzy, animals of both sexes can be seen "boxing", one hare striking another with its paws. This behavior gives rise to the idiom " mad as a March hare ". This

396-489: A warren. Other rabbits and hares live and give birth in simple forms (shallow depression or flattened nest of grass) above the ground. Hares usually do not live in groups. Young hares are adapted to the lack of physical protection, relative to that afforded by a burrow, by being born fully furred and with eyes open. They are hence precocial , able to fend for themselves soon after birth. By contrast, rabbits are altricial , being born blind and hairless. Easily digestible food

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432-419: A wide variety of conditions, and reproduce quickly, so hunting is often less regulated than for other varieties of game. They are a common source or protein worldwide. Because of their extremely low fat content, they are a poor choice as a survival food . Hares can be prepared in the same manner as rabbits—commonly roasted or parted for breading and frying. Hasenpfeffer (also spelled Hasenfeffer )

468-499: Is a small island belonging to the Ponziano archipelago , annexed to the park in 1979. Uninhabited, it is covered by woods of oaks and holm oaks, and is the only island in the archipelago to have kept its original vegetation cover. The latter include strawflower , mastic , myrtus , common broom , erica, euphorbia, strawberry tree and bay laurel . Hare See text Hares and jackrabbits are mammals belonging to

504-434: Is a traditional German stew made from marinated rabbit or hare. Pfeffer here means not only the obvious spicing with pepper and other spices, but also means a dish in which the animal's blood is used as a thickening agent for the sauce. Wine or vinegar is also a prominent ingredient, to lend a sourness to the recipe. Lagos stifado ( Λαγός στιφάδο )—hare stew with pearl onions, vinegar, red wine, and cinnamon—is

540-532: Is among mammals deemed not kosher , and therefore not eaten by observant Jews. Muslims deem coney meat (rabbit, pika , hyrax ) to be halal , and in Egypt , hare and rabbit are popular meats for mulukhiyah ( jute leaf soup), especially in Cairo . The blood of a freshly killed hare can be collected for consumption in a stew or casserole in a cooking process known as jugging . First the entrails are removed from

576-667: Is called a "leveret". A group of hares is called a "husk", a "down", or a "drove". Members of the Lepus genus are considered true hares, distinguishing them from rabbits which make up the rest of the Leporidae family. However, there are five leporid species with "hare" in their common names which are not considered true hares: the hispid hare ( Caprolagus hispidus ), and four species known as red rock hares ( Pronolagus ). Conversely, several Lepus species are called "jackrabbits", but classed as hares rather than rabbits. The pet known as

612-547: Is present not only in intermale competition, but also among females (called does ) toward males to prevent copulation. Hares are generally larger than rabbits, with longer ears, and have black markings on their fur. Hares, like all leporids , have jointed, or kinetic , skulls, unique among mammals. They have 48 chromosomes, while rabbits have 44. Hares have not been domesticated, while some rabbits are raised for food and kept as pets . Some rabbits live and give birth underground in burrows, with many burrows in an area forming

648-436: Is processed in the gastrointestinal tract, expelling the waste as regular feces. For nutrients that are harder to extract, hares, like all lagomorphs , ferment fiber in the cecum and expel the mass as cecotropes , which they ingest again, a practice called cecotrophy . The cecotropes are absorbed in the small intestine to use the nutrients. The 34 species listed are: Hares and rabbits are plentiful in many areas, adapt to

684-607: The Belgian hare is a domesticated European rabbit which has been selectively bred to resemble a hare. Hares are swift animals and can run up to 80 km/h (50 mph) over short distances. Over longer distances, the European hare ( Lepus europaeus ) can run up to 55 km/h (35 mph). The five species of jackrabbits found in central and western North America are able to run at 65 km/h (40 mph) over longer distances, and can leap up to 3 m (10 ft) at

720-783: The Impiso Cave ( Italian : Grotta dell'Impiso ), the Grotta del Fossellone and the Grotta Breuil ; the latter was also inhabited by the Neanderthal Man. The park is home to a 22 km-long coastal sand strip, from the limestone cliffs of the Mount Circeo, in correspondence of the Torre Paola watchtower, up to Capo Portiere. The sand, characterized by fine sand, is backed by a typical maquis shrubland with

756-465: The UKTV Food television channel found only 1.6% of the people under 25 recognized jugged hare by name. Seven of ten stated they would refuse to eat jugged hare if it were served at the house of a friend or a relative. In England, a now rarely served dish is potted hare. The hare meat is cooked, then covered in at least one inch (preferably more) of butter. The butter is a preservative (excludes air);

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792-430: The genus Lepus . They are herbivores , and live solitarily or in pairs. They nest in slight depressions called forms, and their young are able to fend for themselves shortly after birth . The genus includes the largest lagomorphs . Most are fast runners with long, powerful hind legs, and large ears that dissipate body heat. Hare species are native to Africa, Eurasia and North America. A hare less than one year old

828-477: The holm oak , the bay laurel and the cork oak . Understory is also rich, featuring common hawthorn , blackthorn , wild apple , pear and strawberry trees , erica , Ruscus aculeatus and numerous others. The berry vegetation allows the presence of a rich fauna, including wild boar , fallow deer , hare , european badger , red fox , weasel , green whip snake , Natrix maura , land and marsh Testudo , Triturus newt , toad and frog among

864-454: The Circeo park includes four coastal salt lakes: Paola , Caprolace, Monaci and Fogliano, which are what remains of the Pontine Marshes and currently are home to a vast wildlife of aquatic birds ( cattle egret , crane , goose , northern lapwing , skylark , curlew ), as well as to rare species such as the marsh turtle. With a maximum depth of two meters, they are connected to the sea through

900-564: The Hare , perhaps the best-known among Aesop's Fables , the hare loses a race through being too confident in its swiftness. In Irish folklore, the hare is often associated with the Aos sí or other pagan elements. In these stories, characters who harm hares often suffer dreadful consequences. A study in 2004 followed the history and migration of a symbolic image of three hares with conjoined ears. In this image, three hares are seen chasing each other in

936-575: The basis of the Br'er Rabbit stories. The hare appears in English folklore in the saying " as mad as a March hare " and in the legend of the White Hare that alternatively tells of a witch who takes the form of a white hare and goes out looking for prey at night or of the spirit of a broken-hearted maiden who cannot rest and who haunts her unfaithful lover. The constellation Lepus is taken to represent

972-533: The dish can be stored for up to several months. It is served cold, often on bread or as an appetizer. No extant domesticated hares exist. However, hare remains have been found in a wide range of human settlement sites, some showing signs of use beyond simple hunting and eating: The hare in African folk tales is a trickster ; some of the stories about the hare were retold among enslaved Africans in America and are

1008-539: The hare carcass before it is hung in a larder by its hind legs, which causes blood to accumulate in the chest cavity. One method of preserving the blood after draining it from the hare (since the hare is usually hung for a week or more) is to mix it with red wine vinegar to prevent coagulation , and then to store it in a freezer. Jugged hare, known as civet de lièvre in France, is a whole hare, cut into pieces, marinated, and cooked with red wine and juniper berries in

1044-603: The hare symbolises the two qualities of swiftness and timidity. The latter once gave the European hare the Linnaean name Lepus timidus that is now limited to the mountain hare . Several ancient fables depict the Hare in flight ; in one concerning The Hares and the Frogs they even decide to commit mass suicide until they come across a creature so timid that it is even frightened of them. Conversely, in The Tortoise and

1080-457: The lower heights, is associated with manna arsh , Ostrya carpinifolia , downy and Italian oak . The understory includes erica, broom and strawberry tree, while where the mount descends to the plain is a 25 ha cork oak wood. The southern slopes have a milder climate and are characterized by Mediterranean rock vegetation (holm oak, Phoenicean juniper , euphorbia tree, myrtus , Pistacia lentiscus , rosemary and erica, while amongst

1116-559: The lower plants are the rock samphire , Helichrysum and Centaurea . Wildlife, aside from the European badger, wild boar and beech marten , includes numerous bird species such as peregrine falcon and the common kestrel . Among the numerous coastal caves of naturalistic interest are the Grotta Guattari, where in 1939 a skull of Homo neanderthalensis was found, the Goats Cave ( Italian : Grotta delle Capre ),

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1152-416: The others. The promontory of Circeo, with a maximum height of 541 m, is a Mesozoic limestone - dolomite massif with a peculiar island shape, and gives its name to the whole park. From a naturalistic point of view, it can be divided into two different sectors. The northern slopes of the promontory have a more humid climate and are covered by a thick shrub of holly oak in the upper sector, which, at

1188-411: The pieces of hare in water in a jug set within a bath of boiling water to cook for three hours. In the 19th century, a myth arose that Glasse's recipe began with the words "First, catch your hare." Many other British cookbooks from before the middle of the 20th century have recipes for jugged hare. Merle and Reitch have this to say about jugged hare, for example: In 2006, a survey of 2021 people for

1224-472: The so called Circeo massacre took place in San Felice Circeo, the murder and rape of two young women which received significant media attention in Italy. This Lazio location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Circeo National Park Circeo National Park ( Italian : Parco Nazionale del Circeo ) is an Italian national park founded in 1934. It occupies

1260-597: The so-called ancient "Selva di Terracina", once occupying much of what is now the central province of Latina . Now reduced to an area of c. 3,300 hectares, it is anyway the largest plain forest in Italy. It is characterized by the peculiar piscine ("swimming pools"), temporary marshy areas forming in the autumn season due to the accumulation of rainwater, and the lestre , where once the sparse population built their villages. Vegetation includes maquis shrubland , continental species such as Turkish oak , fraxinus and common oak , as well as typical Mediterranean trees including

1296-501: Was one of twelve Latin colonies to refuse any more military contributions towards Rome and in 204 it was severely punished as a result, by furnishing double the greatest number of foot soldiers they had ever provided and 120 horsemen, all chosen from the wealthiest of the inhabitants, and to be sent out of Italy. Also an annual tax was imposed. The Roman Triumvir Lepidus was exiled here after his fall in 36 BC by his former colleague, and future Emperor , Octavian . In September 1975

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