61-401: San Juan Province may refer to: San Juan Province, Argentina San Juan Province (Dominican Republic) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
122-459: A connection with the province of La Rioja, the entire northern Fertile Valley, Jáchal and Church, and with Chile, which will be a vital part of the strategic corridor Pacific-Atlantic . This project for the construction of a communication path connecting the Pacific ports of ( Coquimbo , Chile) and Atlantic ( Porto Alegre , Brazil) by Paso de Agua Negra , has been under development for more than
183-536: A decade. Its importance lies in the necessity of the Southern Cone countries to put their export production into the global market at lower costs. Long-distance transportation exists and allows weekly trips to almost all the other provinces and cities in the country. The main hub is the modern bus terminal of the city of San Juan. There are another important transportation centers in San José de Jáchal and in
244-607: A good transportation network, as most of the routes that connect with the rest of the country are in very good maintenance condition. The more important routes are the RN40 , which crosses from north to south and joins the provinces of Mendoza and La Rioja, the RN20 , which links San Juan with the city of Buenos Aires and Cordoba, the RN150 , which allows a connection to the country of Chile . There are important projects under way that will allow
305-533: A head in April 1972, however, when violent protests forced the newly unpopular Gabrielli to resign. Upon the return to democracy in March 1973, Mendoza voters turned to a left-leaning Peronist , Alberto Martínez Baca. Quickly enacting needed labor and land reforms, Martínez Baca, however, made the mistake of appointing affiliates of the extreme-left Montoneros movement, an organization whose armed wing had perpetrated
366-423: A moderate, yet highly destructive earthquake near the capital destroyed most of the city and killed 10,000 people. A fundraiser was organized to raise money for the victims of the quake where Colonel Juan Perón met his eventual wife and political companion Eva Duarte . A more powerful earthquake stuck the same city in 1977; however new construction codes put in effect following the 1944 incident kept damage to
427-466: A number of exiled intellectuals back into San Juan. Among these, was a San Juan military officer and novelist named Domingo Sarmiento . Sarmiento was eventually elected governor in 1862, pursuing sorely needed public investments and enacting Argentina's first law mandating compulsory education (at that time about 80% of the adult population lacked any form of education). Once elected President of Argentina in 1868, those policies became national law. In 1944
488-463: A number of projects for the construction of mass transit systems. Mendoza Province Mendoza ( Spanish pronunciation: [menˈdosa] ), officially Province of Mendoza , is a province of Argentina , in the western central part of the country in the Cuyo region. It borders San Juan to the north, La Pampa and Neuquén to the south, San Luis to the east, and the republic of Chile to
549-628: A relative minimum. The most noteworthy loss following this event was the destruction of the Cathedral of San Juan ( image, at top ). A new, modernist house of worship was quickly put up in its place and inaugurated in 1979. Among the most rapidly growing provinces in Argentina after 1945, the national government began the construction of the National University of San Juan , which opened its doors in 1973. Congress further responded to
610-544: A string of violent crimes since 1970 (and would continue to do so). Alarmed by this move from the otherwise pragmatic Martínez Baca, President Perón had him removed in June 1974. Becoming more politically independent-minded following these two disappointments, Mendoza voters elected centrist Radical Civic Union as well as populist Justicialist Party lawmakers since Argentina's return to democracy in 1983. Though Mendoza has generally prospered since then, its critical wine industry
671-488: Is a province of Argentina , located in the western part of the country. Neighbouring provinces are, moving clockwise from the north, La Rioja , San Luis and Mendoza . It borders with Chile to the west. The province has an area of 89,651 km , covering a mountainous region with scarce vegetation, fertile oases and turbulent rivers. Throughout the entire province there are an important number of paleontological sites. Similar to other regions in Argentina, agriculture
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#1732775828980732-750: Is a significant, and not uncommon, problem in the regional viticulture . There are fertile lands surrounding the basins of the many rivers born in the glaciers of the Cordillera. The lowlands have very hot summers (30 °C to 33 °C during the day, or 86 °F to 91 °F) with warm nights in the north (18 °C, or 64 °F) and cooler evenings in the south (15 °C, 59 °F). Precipitation falls mainly as very scarce, but often severe thunderstorms that bring hail and high winds. Falls are pleasant and dry, and winters are cool with daytime highs around 14 °C (57 °F) and nighttime lows of 2 °C (35F). When Zonda winds blow downslope from
793-458: Is also an important center of mining and oil production. Before the arrival of Spanish conquistadores , different tribes like Huarpes , Diaguitas , Capazanes, Olongastas and Yacampis, highly influenced by the Inca empire , inhabited the area. The city of San Juan de la Frontera was founded by Juan Jufré y Montesa in 1562 and relocated 2 kilometres south in 1593 due to the frequent flooding of
854-487: Is becoming an important source of revenue for the province. San Juan's is a somewhat underdeveloped, yet diversified, economy. Its output was estimated in 2006 at US$ 3.613 billion, or US$ 5,827 per capita (a third less than the national average). Agriculture has, traditionally, played a small, though significant role in San Juan's economy. The province produces crops not widely grown in other regions of Argentina. San Juan
915-470: Is divided into one or more districts, and has an Executive Department (led by a mayor or intendente ) and a Deliberative Department (legislature) to run local services. The mayor is elected by a simple majority of the popular vote every four years, while half of the Deliberative body is renewed every two years (re-election is allowed in both cases). The departments can make regulations in accordance with
976-529: Is one of the most important economic activities, highlighting wine production and olive oil. Additionally, a variety of fruits and vegetables are produced in the fertile valleys irrigated by artificial channels in the western part, close to the Andes mountain range. This is the second province in volume of wine production at the national level and in South America, and possesses outstanding varietal wines. It
1037-659: Is part of the continental semi-desert Cuyo region. The arid plains start on the east, with a few low hills in the middle and swiftly turn into 6,000-meter-high mountain peaks towards the west. Both areas are subject to the dry hot Zonda (a kind of foehn wind ). Most of the precipitations take place during the summer, often as electrical storms. The hot wind has modeled the clay-rich red soil into Pampa del Leoncito ( Reserva Natural Estricta El Leoncito ) and Valle de la Luna ( Parque Provincial Ischigualasto ) 200-million-year-old geological formations. The Jáchal and San Juan rivers, both part of Desaguadero River system, are
1098-649: Is somewhat less developed and diversified than the national average. Tourism, long active in the scenic province, has, since the 2002 devaluation of the Argentine peso , become one of its most important sources of income, with around 700,000 visitors per year. The main attractions are the Las Leñas ski centre, the Aconcagua mountain, and the provincial parks of the Atuel Canyon, Puente del Inca and others. With
1159-648: Is the Argentine Federal Police but the additional work is carried out by the San Juan Provincial Police . The province is divided into 19 departments (Spanish: departamentos ). They are formally considered to be a single municipality , and usually contain one or more population centers (i.e. towns and cities). San Juan, known as The Land of the Sun , offers mountains, valleys and turbulent rivers of melting glacier water from
1220-454: Is the second-largest producer of Argentine Wine , after neighboring Mendoza Province . The winemaking industry reached San Juan between the years 1569 and 1589 carried by the Spanish conquistadors. Blessed by the optimal weather conditions and soil, the wine-making largely expanded and accelerated development in the province. Since the beginning, the inhabitants of the region understood that
1281-507: The Andes , one of military history's great tactical decisions. San Juan, then a small town, was a great supporter of the expedition supplying gold, men and mules. In 1820, San Juan was granted autonomy from the Province of Cuyo, thereby becoming an autonomous province. The remainder of Cuyo region became Mendoza Province . Following an era of international isolation for Argentina, the advent of new, more liberal government in 1853 attracted
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#17327758289801342-506: The Andes . This features create a unique landscape that is beginning to be intensively exploited by tourism. Tourism infrastructure has been also improved recently with the installation of a considerable number of hotels and other accommodation. Heavily developed areas are the northwest, in the town of Rodeo , where posts and countryside hotels have been installed. In the west, the towns of Calingasta Barreal and Tamberías , many projects are being develop to foster adventure tourism by with
1403-588: The Argentine Senate , currently María Perceval , Ernesto Sanz and Mónica Troadello . Mendoza is represented by 10 deputies in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies . On 16 July 2008, Vice President Cobos stunned observers by casting the tie-breaking vote against a presidentially-sponsored measure in the Senate that would have raised export taxes on an array of agricultural goods. His faction of
1464-696: The Captaincy General of Chile . With the creation of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , its 30,000 inhabitants became part of the intendency of Cuyo de Córdoba del Tucumán , but in 1813, the intendency was separated and the Province of Cuyo created, with José de San Martín as its first Governor. He received important support from Mendoza when he led his Army of the Andes from Plumerillo to
1525-477: The Colangüil Batholith and a large sedimentary basin known as Iglesia Basin . Within this basin there are hot springs . Ethno-racial groups in San Juan (2022 census) San Juan concentrates most of its population in the oases or central valleys, Tulum Valley , Zonda , Ullum and Jáchal , containing nearly 80% of this population. The remaining is located in the oasis located at the foot of
1586-547: The Desaguadero River . Other important rivers include Mendoza River , Tunuyán River , Diamante River and Atuel River . The climate is continental, sunny and dry in the entire territory of the province, with warm summers and relatively cold winters. The arid soil due to the scant precipitation and the great temperature difference between day and night allows mainly xerophytes and few trees to grow. The annual precipitation lies between 150 and 350mm, and hail
1647-485: The Easter Lama , with the particularity that it is shared with neighboring Chile. The more widespread mining products are gold, lead, graphite and clay . Large-scale efforts began, in 2006, in the search for petroleum in the department of Jáchal. Energy production is mainly hydroelectric, produced by a few dams such as Quebrada de Ullum , La Roza , San Emiliano and El Pinar Station, which also help to regulate
1708-478: The San Juan River . In 1776, San Juan was annexed to the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , becoming one of the cities of the Province of Cuyo . In the same year, the first recorded earthquake caused massive damage to the city. The father of Argentine independence, Gen. Jose de San Martin , was appointed Governor of the Province of Cuyo in 1814. From there, San Martin began his legendary crossing of
1769-462: The 1817 crossing of the Andes , in his campaign to end Spanish rule in Chile . The Province of Cuyo was ultimately divided in 1820, and Mendoza parted ways with San Luis and San Juan Provinces. The 1861 earthquake nearly destroyed the city of Mendoza, which had to be almost entirely reconstructed. In 1885, railways were built to the province, allowing for easy transport of the region's wines to
1830-778: The Andes are dry and sunny; however, precipitation increases as one approaches the border with Chile, especially toward the south, where some areas receive over 600 mm (24 in), falling exclusively in the winter, and mostly as snow. Altitudes over 2,600 m in the north and over 2,000 m in the far south usually have ample snow cover. Summer days may be warm and sunny, but nights are always cold, whereas winter temperatures tend to be moderate, with long stretches of sunny (but very windy) weather alternating with very intense snowstorms where several meters of snow may pile up, providing excellent skiing conditions in resorts like Las Lenas, Penitentes and Vallecitos. Mountains often surpass 5,000 meters, and Aconcagua reaches 6,959 meters: at these altitudes,
1891-519: The Andes in Iglesias and Calingasta . Another population concentration is in Fertile Valley . San Juan focuses its economy in agriculture, specially wine production. Additionally, preserved foods production is highly developed. Mining is a growing activity, with the extraction of various minerals financed by multinational companies. Tourism is a relatively new and flourishing activity and it
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1952-426: The Andes, temperatures may soar to 30 °C (86 °F); however, Pampero winds can keep day temperatures below 5 °C (41 °F) and nighttime lows of −8 °C (18 °F) can be recorded. Snow is uncommon in the north, and occasional in the south. The area around Malargue is located at higher elevation (1400 meters) and thus the weather is significantly colder: summers average 28 °C (82 °F) during
2013-511: The Argentine market) are apples, pears, tomatoes, onions, plums , olives , cherries , peaches and quince . Apiculture , with 30,000 beehives , is another growing activity favoured by Mendoza's dry weather. Mining is important to the Mendoza economy and has grown sharply in recent years, now accounting for 22% of output in 2005 (nearly 5 times the national average). Fourteen percent of
2074-459: The Mendoza economy (Argentina's fifth largest) is, however, quite diversified. Its 2013 output was estimated at US$ 18.8 billion, or, US$ 10,758 per capita below the national average, at a level similar to Turkey and above Mexico. Agriculture, to be sure (though 7% of the total economy), has long accounted for much of Mendoza's foreign exchange earnings (followed closely by tourism, mainly from Chile). Besides wine, other important crops (mainly for
2135-640: The Redeemer of the Andes statue in the mountains on the Chilean border is a destination for many excursions. The provincial government is divided into the usual three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoints the cabinet; the legislative; and the judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court. The legislative branch is a bicameral body composed of the Chamber of Deputies and
2196-517: The Senate. The Legislature is charged with introducing and passing local laws. The Constitution of Mendoza Province forms the formal law of the province. In Argentina, the most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police but the additional work is carried out by the Mendoza Provincial Police. The province is divided into 18 local government areas called departments (Spanish: departamentos ). Each
2257-624: The UCR won a significant victory in the 2009 mid-term elections in Mendoza. The geography of the province descends from 6,960.8 metres (22,837 ft) at the summit of Aconcagua to the semi-flat lands of the east. A series of longitudinal valles, such as the Uspallata, separate the Andes from the Precordillera lower mountains. To the east, the Cuyean plains are crossed by tributaries of
2318-432: The arid climate required an advanced artificial irrigation system with dams and channels. Viticulture is the main crop of the province's economy, with some 500 km (56% of the productive area), and the rest is reserved for wine production counting 90% of the crop. Other products include tomato, maize, potato, fig and peach. Since 1980, San Juan has experienced an industrial expansion that now includes, in addition to
2379-552: The city of Caucete , which is currently under construction. By bus, it takes around 18 hours to get Buenos Aires . There are daily flight services to Buenos Aires from Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Airport . The public transportation system in the city of San Juan and surrounding areas includes buses that connect downtown with other cities such as Villa Krause , Rivadavia , Santa Lucia , Villa Paula Sarmiento Albarracín and Aberastain . Private taxis (called Remis ) and public taxis also exist. Rapid population growth has led to
2440-541: The climate is extremely cold and windy year round, with temperatures down to −40 °C. Different wind fronts affect the landscape, mainly the Zonda wind , but also the mild Pampero , the warm Viento Norte and, in winter, the very rare Sudestada from the Southeast. The latter wind mostly affects the pampas. Famed worldwide for its viticulture (with 70% of the 1.5 billion liters in Argentine wine production),
2501-650: The conservative Democratic Party , which secured the Vice Governor's post in 1958. Increasing their presence in the Mendoza Legislature, the Democrats became an obstacle to progressive Governor Ernesto Ueltschi , an ally of president Arturo Frondizi 's. With majorities in both houses by 1961, they had Gov. Ueltschi removed and Democrat Vice-governor Francisco Gabrielli appointed in his stead. Elected governor in his own right in 1963, Gov. Gabrielli
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2562-537: The country's trade hub of Buenos Aires . Following the development of the wine industry in the province around 1900, Mendoza began to grow quickly, attracting tens of thousands of European immigrants, particularly Spaniards. In 1939, the National University of Cuyo , one of the more important universities of the country, was founded in the province. Partly in reaction to President Juan Perón 's populist policies, some of which taxed agriculture heavily to finance urban development and public works, Mendoza landowners formed
2623-531: The day, but only 11 °C (53F) at night, and winters range from 10 °C (50 °F) to −2 °C (28 °F). Here, precipitation is somewhat higher (350 mm) and winter is stormier than the summer, with 45 mm (1.8 in) falling in July. Snow is much more common, and falls several times every year: on occasion, it can be heavy. Temperatures often fall to −12 °C (10 °F) and up to −23 °C (-9 °F) have been recorded. The first slopes of
2684-597: The first inhabitants in the area date from the Holocene , but there are few remains of those people to know their habits. The earliest sites of human occupation in Mendoza Province, Agua de la Cueva and Gruta del Indio , are 12,000–13,000 years old. In the basins of the Atuel River , in 300 BC, lived a group of people that lived via hunting and the cultivation of maize, pumpkins and beans . Those valleys saw
2745-427: The form of annual parades carousel and various artistic performances. The winter sports industry has a prosper future in the province. A ski resort is under development, located in the mountainous area of Calingasta, western part of the province, where the largest ski tracks in South America are being constructed. This will be the northernmost ski resort in Argentina and will be known as Manantiales' San Juan has
2806-482: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Juan_Province&oldid=1057060408 " Categories : Place name disambiguation pages Province name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages San Juan Province, Argentina San Juan Province ( Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ ˈxwan] )
2867-399: The middle of the desert of San Juan. This is the cause for which has the nickname of 'city oasis'. The city holds several attractions such as Sarmiento's birthplace and modern Cathedral , among others. A number of joyful celebrations are held in the province, combining old and new traditions that pay homage to economic activities or natural events like Fiesta Nacional del Sol , which takes
2928-514: The national reserves of petroleum are in Mendoza, also home to large-scale mining of lime and uranium . Manufacturing has long contributed to the province's prosperity and still accounts for 16% of the economy. Mendoza's main industries are, of course, wine production with 1,200 wineries turning out 1.1 billion liters in 2005, followed by canned fruits, a large petroleum refinery (in Luján de Cuyo ), cement and others. Mendoza's services sector
2989-500: The needs of San Juan's growing agricultural sector by breaking ground in the mid '70s for the largest hydrostructural project in the province up to that point, the Ullum Dam and Reservoir . Inaugurated in 1980, it has contributed to the province's production of irrigated desert crops, like olives, figs and, most importantly, wine grapes. In 2005, Barrick Gold Corporation , one of the world's largest gold-mining conglomerates, announced
3050-430: The opposition of his party, Julio Cobos accepted the post of running mate to first lady Cristina Fernández de Kirchner of the ruling Front for Victory , in the presidential elections of October 2007 . Fernández and Cobos won in the first round, and Cobos became Vice President of Argentina ; he was replaced by pro-Kirchner Justicialist candidate Celso Jaque as governor. The province is represented by three senators in
3111-601: The practice of climbing the Mount Mercedario , which is one of the highest peaks in America. The northern zone, Jáchal , is known for its cultural tourism related to the gaucho tradition. Nevertheless, San Juan is the economic center of the province and also the most visited place. It is known for its modern architecture that differentiates it from others cities in the rest of the country, with wide tree-lined streets as well as hardwood parks, plazas and walkways, in
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#17327758289803172-605: The purchase of large tracts in the San Juan Andes where a gold mine was started. These have, so far, been yielding over 11,000 ounces of gold yearly, though evidence suggests these activities may be having an adverse impact on San Juan's glaciers. In 2007, the same company installed the world's highest-situated wind turbine at the Veladero mine in San Juan Province at nearly 4,200m elevation. The province
3233-507: The recent developments in Argentine wine production, enotourism has also become very popular, with numerous wine-tourism oriented hotels appearing throughout the province. Wineries along the wine route generally offer free tours of the premises with wine-tastings at the conclusion of the tour. In the wine-producing region , the Fiesta de la Vendimia (grape harvest festival) receives many visitors in late February or early March. The Christ
3294-526: The rise of the Agrelo culture, ancestor of the Huarpes. They were later influenced greatly by the Inca empire during the 15th century. The first Spanish conquerors came around 1550, from the Viceroyalty of Peru . In 1561, Mendoza was founded by the conquistador Pedro del Castillo . Until the creation of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1776, the area of what is now Mendoza Province belonged to
3355-525: The source of fertile valleys and centre of the province's economy. The San Juan River finishes in the Huanacache lagoons (sometimes called Guanacache ), on the southeast. The Andes of San Juan Province belong to the Dry Andes climatic province. Permafrost is widespread above 3000 masl in the Andes and rock glaciers are common. The northern part of the province contain both intrusive rocks of
3416-786: The water level for irrigation of the arid lands. Electricity is also produced, in a lesser proportion, by thermal power stations . San Juan has recently started to have a flourishing tourism industry. Remarkable places are the city of San Juan, the Ischigualasto Provincial Park , the Ullum Dam , San Guillermo National Park , the Pismanta hot springs, the Mercedario Mount and the pagan Difunta Correa shrine. These sites are specially suitable for ecotourism or adventure tourism. Furthermore, an increase in agrotourism has started recently, particularly, around
3477-457: The west; the international limit is marked by the Andes mountain range. Its capital city is the homonymous city of Mendoza . Covering an area of 148,827 km , it is the seventh biggest province of Argentina with 5.35% of the country's total area. The population for 2022 is 2,014,533 inhabitants, which makes it the fifth most populated region of the country, or 4.38% of the total national population. Archeological studies have determined that
3538-419: The wine industry, creating the so-called "Wine Routes." The provincial government is divided into three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoints the cabinet; the legislative ; and the judiciary , headed by the Supreme Court. The Constitution of San Juan Province, Argentina forms the formal law of the province. In Argentina, the most important law enforcement organization
3599-491: The wineries, food processing plants, chemical, plastics, iron, auto parts and textiles factories. Manufacturing now accounts for nearly 20% of San Juan's production output. In the year 2000, the province came into mineral development with the Veladero Project of Barrick Gold , which, on the first year of mining alone, yielded more than 11,000 ounces of gold. These efforts were intensified with more projects including
3660-595: Was deposed following the June 1966 coup against President Arturo Illia ; but still benefiting from conservative credentials, he was appointed de facto governor by the same military regime in 1970. In contrast to the pragmatism that had distinguished his 1963–66 term, Gabrielli governed with a hard line, freezing state salaries and ordering large utility rate increases, used the Mendoza police to repress dissent and took foreign policy prerogatives like collaborating with Chilean saboteurs opposed to their country's new Marxist president, Salvador Allende . These events came to
3721-484: Was left reeling from the 1983 collapse of state-owned vintner Bodegas GIOL, whose dictatorship-era receivers had run the wine conglomerate (then the world's largest outside Europe), and accumulated over US$ 6 billion of debt; GIOL closed in 1991. Elected in 2003, Radical Civic Union Governor Julio Cobos highlighted this independent sentiment by parting ways with many in his party and endorsing newly elected Peronist President Néstor Kirchner 's policies in 2004. Over
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