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69-706: San Telmo ("Saint Pedro González Telmo ") is the oldest barrio (neighborhood) of Buenos Aires , Argentina . A well-preserved area of the Argentine metropolis, it hosts some of its oldest buildings. One of the birthplaces of tango, during the 50s, 60s and 70s it became the Bohemian district with painters ateliers and jazz clubs. Cafes, tango parlors and antique shops line the cobblestone streets, which are often filled with street artists and dancers. San Telmo's attractions include old churches (e.g. San Pedro Telmo ), museums, food halls and stalls, antique stores and

138-501: A canonry when he was very young. On one occasion, he was riding triumphantly into the city, his horse stumbled, dumping him into the mud to the amusement of onlookers. Humbled, the canon reevaluated his vocation and later resigned his position to enter the Dominican Order . González became a renowned preacher; crowds gathered to hear him and numberless conversions were the result of his efforts. He spent much of his time as

207-448: A court preacher. After King Saint Ferdinand III of Castile and Leon captured Córdoba , González was successful in restraining the soldiers from pillaging the city. He also worked for the humane treatment of Moorish prisoners. After retiring from the court, González devoted the remainder of his life to preaching in northwest Spain, and developed a special mission to Spanish and Portuguese seamen. He died on 15 April 1246 at Tui and

276-513: A dressing of pesto , a green sauce made with basil , or salsa blanca ( béchamel sauce ). Sorrentinos are also a local dish with a misleading name (they do not come from Sorrento but were invented in the Rio de La Plata region). It is believed that sorrentinos are a local derivation of the Italian ravioli capresi , whose dough is instead elaborated with flour, water and olive oil , while

345-607: A language spoken mainly in Lombardy (a region located in northern Italy ). The sounds of the lunfardo feeds mainly from the languages of Italy , especially the northern ones, because in Buenos Aires the Italian colony is very extensive and has left onomasiology and terminology a vast lexical heritage. Additionally, lunfardo has taken its own words, expressions, or ways of speaking (borrowings) from various languages such as French, Portuguese, English; other words arrived from

414-600: A large number of peasants from the South of Italy, who arrived with little or no schooling in Spanish. As the immigrants strove to communicate with the local criollos , they produced a variable mixture of Spanish with Italian languages and dialects, specially Neapolitan. The pidgin language was given the derogatory name cocoliche by the locals. Since the children of the immigrants grew up speaking Spanish at school, work, and military service, Cocoliche remained confined mostly to

483-428: A massive departure from Naples and southern Italy to Argentina. According to a 1990 study, the high proportion of returnees can show a positive or negative correlation between regions of origin and of destination. Southern Italians indicate a more permanent settlement. Argentine society's Italian component is the result of Southern rather than Northern influences. Italian Argentines are predominantly Catholics of

552-580: A ravine, the area was formally incorporated into the city in 1708 as the "Ovens and Storehouses of San Pedro." The neighborhood's poverty led the Jesuits to found a "Spiritual House" in the area, a charitable and educational mission referred to by San Pedro's indigent as "the Residence;" their 1767 suppression led to the mission's closure, however. The void left by the Jesuits' departure was addressed by

621-419: A semi-permanent antique fair ( Feria de Antigüedades ) in the main public square, Plaza Dorrego . Tango -related activities for both locals and tourists are in the area.The "Manzana de las Luces" ( "Enlightenment [city] block" ) hosted several colonial institutions. Known as San Pedro Heights during the 17th century, the area was mostly home to the city's growing contingent of dockworkers and brickmakers;

690-583: A slight revival in 1923 to 1927 but eventually stopped during the Great Depression and World War II . After the end of the war, from 1946 to 1957, another massive wave of Italians moved to Argentina, this time numbering about 380,000. A small number of Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians emigrated to Argentina during the Istrian-Dalmatian exodus , leaving their homelands, which were lost to Italy and annexed to Yugoslavia after

759-522: A tomato or bechamel based sauce. Other similarities are found in the presence of the bañacauda ( bagna càuda ). Pizza (locally pronounced pisa or pitsa ), for example, has been wholly subsumed and, in its Argentine form, more closely resembles Italian pizza al taglio but round instead of rectangular. Pizza is shared between two or more people, not the usual Italian personal pizza. Typical or exclusively Argentine pizzas include pizza canchera , pizza rellena (stuffed pizza), pizza por metro (pizza by

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828-465: A total of 147,499 people born in Italy, 65,021 were men and 82,478 were women. Out of the total number of men, 966 were between 0 and 14 years old, 20,226 between 15 and 64 years old and 43,829 were over 65 years old. Of the total number of women, 1,011 were between 0 and 14 years of age, 21,597 between 15 and 64 years of age and 59,870 were over 65 years of age. The following table shows the distribution in

897-524: Is a relatively recent phenomenon, starting in the early 20th century with the main wave of Southern Italian immigration. Until then, the porteño accent was more similar to that of Spain, particularly Andalusia . Lunfardo is a slang born and developed in the city of Buenos Aires and its suburbs , which has spread to other nearby cities such as Rosario (in the Santa Fe Province ) and Montevideo , Uruguay. The word comes from Lombard ,

966-622: Is buried in the local cathedral. Peter González was beatified in 1254 by Pope Innocent IV . Although he was never formally canonized , his cultus was confirmed in 1741 by Pope Benedict XIV . The diminutive " Elmo " (or " Telmo ") belongs properly to the martyr-bishop Erasmus of Formia (died c. 303), one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers . However, as Erasmus is the patron saint of sailors generally, and Peter González of Spanish and Portuguese sailors specifically, they have both been popularly invoked as "Saint Elmo." He

1035-449: Is generally cooked, served and eaten in the local way, called all'uso-nostro ("for our use" or "our way"), a phrase of Italian origin. For example, pasta is often eaten with white bread ("French bread"). That can be explained by the low cost of bread and the fact that Argentine pastas tend to come with a large amount of tuco sauce (Italian sugo ) and accompanied by estofado (Italian stufato ). Less commonly, pastas are eaten with

1104-526: Is monopolizing the neighborhood and transferring the scene." A few months later the New York Times said that "To find Appetite, an avant-garde gallery that everyone I met recommended, I had to return to one of San Telmo's less atmospheric blocks." Many media remarked the transformation of San Telmo into a destination for contemporary art lovers, such as the newspaper La Nacion which counted around 30 galleries and art centers in 2008. Later that year,

1173-509: Is still used for all people of Italian descent although it originally meant inhabitants of the former independent state the Kingdom of Naples . The assumption that emigration from cities was negligible has an important exception. Naples went from being the capital of its own kingdom in 1860 to being just another large city in Italy. The loss of bureaucratic jobs and the subsequently declining financial situation led to high unemployment. This caused

1242-843: Is thus called “Saint Peter Thelmo” as titular of a parish in Aparri , Cagayan , Philippines . [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " St. Peter Gonzalez ". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. Italian settlement in Argentina Italian Argentines ( Italian : italo-argentini ; Spanish : italoargentinos , or tanos in Rioplatense Spanish ) are Argentine -born citizens who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to Argentina during

1311-514: Is very common throughout Argentina. Similar to polenta concia in Italy, it is eaten as a main dish, with sauce and melted cheese, or it may accompany a stew. Since a tonic property has been attributed to it, the expression tener polenta ("having polenta") is used colloquially as a synonym for having strength. At the beginning of the 20th century, both in Italy and in Argentina, the popular classes ate polenta accompanied by bird meat. Buseca ,

1380-530: The Italian diaspora , or Italian-born people in Argentina. Between the 1850s and the 1950s, 3.5 million Italians immigrated to Argentina. It was estimated that at least 25 million Argentines (62.5% of the country's population) have some degree of Italian ancestry. Argentina has the second-largest community of Italians outside of Italy , after Brazil. Contingents of Italian immigrants arrived in Argentina from all regions of Italy , mainly from Northern Italy in

1449-1020: The Latin Church . A group of Italian-Albanians , belonging to the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church and worshipping according to the Byzantine Rite , are present in Luis Guillón , in the Esteban Echeverría Partido in the Buenos Aires Province . Most of the Italian immigrant community settled in the Buenos Aires Province , especially in the city of Buenos Aires , as well as in the provinces of Santa Fe , Entre Ríos , Córdoba , La Pampa , Tucumán , Santiago del Estero and Corrientes . For example, in Rosario, Santa Fe ,

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1518-541: The Ligurian word for the Italian farinata . Pizzerias in Buenos Aires often offer fainá, which is eaten with pizza, a wedge of fainá on top of a wedge of pizza. Pastas (pasta, always in the plural) still surpass pizzas in consumption levels. Among them are tallarines ( fettuccine ), ravioles ( ravioli ), ñoquis ( gnocchi ), lasañas ( lasagna ), and canelones ( cannelloni ). In Argentina there are also Italian restaurants specializing in pasta. In Argentina, pasta

1587-653: The May Revolution , which started the Argentine War of Independence . In particular, Manuel Belgrano , Manuel Alberti and Juan José Castelli , all three of Italian descent, were part of the May Revolution and the Primera Junta . The Italian community had already grown to such an extent that in 1836 the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia sent an ambassador, Baron Picolet d'Hermilion. However,

1656-452: The Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 . In the late 1960s, the Italian economy experienced a period of growth and recovery , removing one of the primary incentives for emigration. As of 2016, 527,570 Italian citizens still lived in Argentina. In 2011, it was estimated that at least 25 million Argentines (62.5% of the country's population) have some degree of Italian ancestry. Argentina has

1725-516: The pampa by means of the gauchos ; and a few came from Argentina's native population. Lunfardo words are inserted in the normal flow of Rioplatense Spanish sentences. Thus, a Spanish-speaking Mexican reading tango lyrics needs only the translation of a discrete set of words, not a grammar guide. Most tango lyrics use lunfardo sparsely, but some songs (such as El Ciruja , or most lyrics by Celedonio Flores) employ lunfardo heavily. Here are some examples: Between about 1880 and 1900, Argentina received

1794-539: The "miracle" of having reached a good place was attributed, giving the founded city its name in Spanish: Buenos Aires ( lit. "good airs"). The presence of Italians in the Río de la Plata Basin predates the birth of Argentina. Small groups of Italians began to emigrate to the present-day Argentine territory already in the second half of the 17th century. There were already Italians in Buenos Aires during

1863-512: The 1806 establishment of the Parish of San Pedro González Telmo (or "San Telmo"), so named in honor of the Patron Saint of seafarers. This move failed to replace the lost social institutions, however, and San Telmo languished well after Argentine independence in 1816. The Jesuit Residence, restored as a clinic by Guatemalan friars, was shuttered in 1821, and San Telmo saw no public works for

1932-573: The 19th century and mostly from Southern Italy in the 20th century. Italian community in Argentina, along with Spanish immigrants, became a major part of modern Argentine society. Argentine culture has significant connections to Italian culture in terms of language, customs, and traditions. Argentina is also a strongly Italophilic country as cuisine, fashion and lifestyle has been sharply influenced by Italian immigration. Italian foods such as panettone (pan dulce), pasta , fainá , olive oil , pizza , vermouth and fernet have become part of

2001-473: The 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century made a lasting and significant impact on the intonation of Argentina's vernacular Spanish. Preliminary research has shown that Rioplatense Spanish , particularly the speech of the city of Buenos Aires, has intonation patterns that resemble those of Italian dialects (especially the ones whose substratum is the Neapolitan language ) and differ markedly from

2070-573: The 19th century, and mostly from Southern Italy in the 20th century. Most of the Italians who initially moved to Argentina were farmers from the north, originating from regions such as Piedmont , Liguria, Veneto , Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Lombardy . Due to the nascent industrialization of Northern Italy in the 20th century, immigration patterns shifted to rural Southern Italy, especially Campania , Calabria and Sicily . Immigrants from northern Italy settled mainly in rural areas, while those from

2139-575: The 23 provinces and in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires: Compared to the experience of Italians in other parts of the world, such as in the United States, Italian Argentines did not suffer from anti-Catholic or racist sentiments. Catholic societies in Argentina welcomed new settlers of the same faith, who could help shape the country. Italian Argentines have integrated better into the general society than German Argentines also due to

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2208-590: The Argentine cuisine, and Italian immigrants were one of the influences in the development of the Argentine wine industry . During the Spanish conquest of what would be present-day Argentine territory, an Italian Leonardo Gribeo , from the region of Sardinia , accompanied Pedro de Mendoza to the place where Buenos Aires would be founded. From Cagliari to Spain, to Río de la Plata , then to Buenos Aires, he brought an image of Saint Mary of Good Air , to which

2277-568: The Argentine public and media immediately noticed the crowds attending its openings and parties. Other art galleries began setting up in this neighborhood and it became a Mecca of contemporary art. The first to talk about it was Rolling Stone magazine which said in late 2006: "When all the movement seemed to be getting installed at Palermo , the Daniela Luna tornado opened the appetite with an art gallery in San Telmo and little by little

2346-621: The Italian language never truly took hold in Argentina, partly because at the time of mass immigration, almost all Italians spoke their native regional languages rather than what is now standard Italian, precluding the expansion of the use of Italian as a primary language in Argentina. The similarity between Spanish and many of those languages also enabled the immigrants to acquire communicative competence in Spanish with relative ease, and thus to assimilate linguistically without much difficulty. By 1840, Italian-language newspapers were already published in Buenos Aires, increasing in 1900. The main one

2415-457: The Latin affinity. Despite this, there were extreme cases in which Italian Argentines suffered xenophobia , such as in the 1931 trial against anarchist Severino Di Giovanni . Di Giovanni's trial aroused some anti-Italian sentiments , motivated above all by the fear of attacks on the Argentine state by Italian anarchists. Between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century,

2484-479: The area became Buenos Aires' first "industrial" area, home to its first windmill and most of the early city's brick kilns and warehouses. The bulk of the city's exports of wool, hides and leather (the Argentine region's chief source of income as late as the 1870s) were prepared and stored here in colonial times. Their presence led to the first residential settlements in this area: that of Africans, slaves and free, alike. Previously separated from Buenos Aires proper by

2553-401: The area on the part of the well-to-do and numerous imposing homes were built in the western half of San Telmo. This promising era ended abruptly when an epidemic of yellow fever struck the area in 1871. The new clinics and the heroic efforts of physicians like Florentino Ameghino helped curb the northward spread of the epidemic; but as time went on it claimed over 10,000 lives, and this led to

2622-511: The area: long after that genre's heyday, renowned vocalist Edmundo Rivero purchased an abandoned colonial-era grocery in 1969, christening it El Viejo Almacén ("The Old Grocery Store"). This soon became one of the city's best-known tango music halls, helping lead to a cultural and economic revival in San Telmo. The 1980 restoration of the former Ezeiza family mansion into the Pasaje de la Defensa ("Defensa Street Promenade"), moreover, has led to

2691-435: The beginning of the 20th century, emigration from Italy was largely due to conditions of widespread poverty, high demographic pressure and heavy taxation, while Argentina was a country with a strong need for immigrants. The welcoming commitment, enshrined in the constitution of 1853, found its reasons in a de facto underpopulated country. The Argentine population, a country whose land area is nine times larger than that of Italy,

2760-449: The bourgeoisie of Spanish origin initially looked at the large number of Italians with an evil eye, fearing for the social ascent of the following generations, thus asking for the intervention of Argentine national culture. The main concern was aimed at anarchists and socialists, for whom repressive laws were passed in 1902 and 1910. Argentine culture, in its Italian component, is the result of influences from southern Italy rather than from

2829-584: The children of Italians. Italians abroad have elected deputies and senators in the Italian Parliament since 2006, when, after a constitutional reform, 12 seats in Chamber of Deputies and six seats in the Senate were assigned to the Italian diaspora . Argentina belongs to the constituency of South America, which corresponds to three deputies and two senators. Between the end of the 19th and

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2898-426: The current Argentine constitution states that: The federal government will encourage European immigration; will not be able to restrict, limit or impose any tax on the entry into Argentine territory of foreigners whose purpose is to cultivate the land, improve industries, introduce and teach the sciences and the arts Italian immigrants arrived in Argentina from all regions of Italy , mainly from Northern Italy in

2967-454: The descendants of Italians are almost 65% of the total of the city. Italian immigration to Argentina was markedly urban, with the exception of the province of Santa Fe, where agricultural colonies predominated. In 1895, 181,361 of the 663,864 inhabitants of the city of Buenos Aires were Italians. The main settlement was the La Boca district of Buenos Aires, where Italians represented 80% of

3036-405: The early 1900s, and by 1914, one in six immigrants were Sicilian. In the 1950s, more than 65% of Italian immigrants came from the south, with 30% from Calabria, 15% from Campania and 12% from Sicily. Of the remaining 35%, 21% came from central-southern regions, in particular Abruzzo and Molise (in this case 14%), while 13% came from the north, mainly from Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Of

3105-402: The end of the 19th century there were almost 4,600 Italian emigrants in a city of just 10,000 inhabitants. Immigrants from northern Italy settled in highly populated regions of the country such as the provinces of Santa Fe, Córdoba and Mendoza , where they found better job opportunities. The capital of Chaco Province , Resistencia , was the destination of many Italians after 1878. Patagonia

3174-448: The exodus of San Telmo's growing middle and upper classes into what later became Barrio Norte . At first hundreds of properties became vacant. A few of the larger lots were converted into needed parks, the largest of which is Lezama Park , designed by the renowned French-Argentine urban planner Charles Thays in 1891 as a complement to the new Argentine National Museum of History . Most large homes, though, became tenement housing during

3243-571: The filling is made with caciotta cheese, flavoured with oregano . Most sources point to an Italian immigrant from Sorrento , Rosalía Persico or his son Cayetano Persico, who created this pasta while working in a famous trattoria of Mar del Plata , while other sources state that they originated in another restaurant in Mar del Plata called Sorrento . They look like big round ravioles stuffed with mozzarella , cottage cheese and basil in tomato sauce . Polenta comes from Northern Italy and

3312-542: The first generation immigrants and slowly fell out of use. The pidgin has been depicted humorously in literary works and in the Argentine sainete theater, such as by Dario Vittori . Argentine cuisine has been strongly influenced by Italian cuisine ; the typical Argentine diet is a variation of the Mediterranean diet . Italian staple dishes like pizza and pasta are common. Pasta is extremely common, either simple unadorned pasta with butter or oil or accompanied by

3381-442: The four corners of the world. However, they constitute the majority of the population in only two countries: Italy and Argentina." There are second and third generation Italian Argentines who hold dual citizenship, recognized by both countries. This is because Argentina uses the ius soli principle, which grants nationality to those born in the country, while Italy uses the ius sanguinis principle, which grants citizenship to

3450-480: The immigrants who arrived between 1876 and 1915, 16.9% were from Piedmont, 13.2% from Calabria, 11.1% from Sicily, 10.4% from Lombardy, 8.2% from Marche , 7.5% from Campania, 7.2% from Veneto and 3.2% from Abruzzo and Molise, which then constituted a single region. Tuscany , Umbria, Lazio and Emilia-Romagna , in central Italy, were the regions that contributed the least to immigration to Argentina. In Argentine slang, tano (from Napulitano , " Neapolitan ")

3519-456: The merchants and 70% of the employees. At the same time there were 13 Italian-language newspapers. In 1914, Buenos Aires had more than 300,000 inhabitants born in Italy, which represented 25% of the total population of the capital and 60% of the Italian immigration in all of Argentina. There, the Italian community was integrated into Buenos Aires society through institutions, schools, churches, newspapers and political groups. In La Plata at

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3588-474: The meter), and pizza a la parrilla (grilled pizza). While Argentine pizza derives from Neapolitan cuisine , the Argentine fugaza / fugazza comes from the focaccia xeneise (from Genoa ), but its preparation is different from its Italian counterpart, and the addition of cheese to make the dish (fugaza con queso or fugazzeta) started in Argentina. Fainá is a type of thin bread made with chickpea flour (adopted from northern Italy). The name comes from

3657-452: The next 30 years except a Black Infantrymen's Quarters and the construction of the dreaded Mazorca Dungeon by Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas . San Telmo began to improve despite these challenges, particularly after Rosas' removal from power in 1852. The establishment of new clinics, the installation of gas mains, lighting, sewers, running water and cobblestones and the opening of the city's main wholesale market led to increasing interest in

3726-463: The north. According to the anthropologist Stefania Pedrini of the University of Rome La Sapienza , this cultural influence is due to the fact that "at the end of the 19th century Argentina was a new nation, which did not have a defined identity, and in which the grandeur European immigration has influenced the construction of a national being, through a policy of very strong cultural syncretism." At

3795-552: The patterns of other forms of Spanish. That correlates well with immigration patterns in Argentina, particularly Buenos Aires, which had huge numbers of Italian settlers since the 19th century. According to a study conducted by the National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina, and published in Bilingualism: Language and Cognition ( ISSN 1366–7289), the researchers note that this

3864-410: The refurbishment of numerous such structures, many of which had been conventillos (tenements) since the 1870s. As most of San Telmo's 19th century architecture and cobblestone streets remain, it has also become an important tourist attraction. A great number of contemporary art galleries, art spaces and museums are located in this area. In 2005 the gallery and artist-run space Appetite opened and

3933-531: The same newspaper published another article that started: "Contemporary art moved into the neighborhood. San Telmo Art District is born." 34°37′14″S 58°22′18″W  /  34.62056°S 58.37167°W  / -34.62056; -58.37167 Pedro Gonz%C3%A1lez Telmo St. Peter Gonzalez was born in Castille, Spain, in 1190. González was educated by his uncle, the Bishop of Astorga , who gave him

4002-413: The same time there are Italian traditions still maintained in Argentina but forgotten or little remembered in Italy. Many of these Italians who brought their culture came from the lower middle classes. According to Ethnologue , Argentina has more than 1,500,000 Italian speakers, making it the third most spoken language in the nation (after Spanish and English). In spite of the large Italian immigration,

4071-423: The second-largest community of Italians outside of Italy , after Brazil. Jorge Luis Borges stated that "the Argentine is an Italian who speaks Spanish", while the Spanish philosopher Julián Marías stated that Argentina could be "the only Italian-Spanish republic on the planet". The Italian economist Marcello De Cecco said: "Italians, as we know, are a people of emigrants. For many centuries they have spread to

4140-611: The south also led a German immigrant , Otto Krause , to open a technical school here in 1897. San Telmo's bohemian air began attracting local artists after upwardly-mobile immigrants left the area. Increasing cultural activity resulted in the opening of the Buenos Aires Museum of Modern Art by critic Rafael Squirru in 1956, as well as in the 1960 advent of the "Republic of San Telmo," an artisan guild which organized art walks and other events. San Telmo's immigrant presence also led to quick popularization of tango in

4209-523: The south preferred large cities. Of the 2,386,181 Italians who arrived in Argentina between 1876 and 1930, 47% (1,116,369) came from Southern Italy, 41% (988,235) from Northern Italy and 12% from Central Italy (281,577). The Italian regions from which most of the immigrants came were Piedmont (in the north) and Calabria (in the south). Calabrian immigrants have always arrived in large numbers and their migration has not changed much over time. Immigrants from Sicily began to arrive in large numbers from 1895 to

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4278-503: The stream of Italian immigration to Argentina became a mass phenomenon only from 1880 to 1920, during the Great European immigration wave to Argentina . Over that time period, about two million Italians settled in Argentina, with one million coming from 1900 to 1914. A small number of Italo-Albanians also emigrated to Argentina from Southern Italy. In 1887, Italians accounted for 60.4% of all immigration to Argentina, then there

4347-415: The total population. The Italian immigrants were primarily male, aged between 14 and 50 and more than 50% literate; in terms of occupations, 78.7% in the active population were agricultural workers or unskilled laborers, 10.7% artisans, and only 3.7% worked in commerce or as professionals. The outbreak of World War I and the rise of fascism in Italy caused a rapid fall in immigration to Argentina, with

4416-431: The travel expenses of immigrants and the expenses necessary to start the business in the allotted lots. According to the 1895 census, out of a total of 407,503 subsistence peasants, more than a quarter were of foreign nationality, and of these 62,975 were Italians, of which the largest community was from Calabria. The 2010 Argentine census recorded 147,499 people born in Italy. According to the 2010 Argentine census, out of

4485-408: The wave of immigration into Argentina from Europe between 1875 and 1930. San Telmo became the most multicultural neighborhood in Buenos Aires, home to large communities of British , Galician , Italian and Russian -Argentines. The large numbers of Russians in San Telmo and elsewhere in Buenos Aires led to the consecration of Argentina's first Russian Orthodox Church in 1901. Expanding industry to

4554-408: Was La Patria degli Italiani ("The homeland of the Italians"), which in turn was the third most important in Argentina, with a circulation of 14,000 copies. On 22 February 1917, the government of Hipólito Yrigoyen , with Decree n. 6925, made the teaching of the Italian language compulsory in the 4th and 5th grades of secondary school in national schools. Italian immigration from the second half of

4623-510: Was a decrease as the percentage of Spanish immigration increased. The effect of Italian immigration to Argentina was important for the constitution of Argentine society. In Argentina there are influences of Italian culture that are still evident in modern times. Outside of Italy, Argentina is the country with the highest percentage of Italians, and the one with the greatest examples of Italian culture. In 1914, Buenos Aires alone had more than 300,000 Italian-born inhabitants, representing 25% of

4692-529: Was a minor destination. However, the city of Ushuaia , capital of the Tierra del Fuego Province , received a substantial influx of Italians between 1948 and 1949. Subsidized immigration has never been relevant, although agricultural colonies have been established in central and northeastern Argentina. The first was in the Corrientes Province in 1853, establishing the way for companies to advance

4761-607: Was only 1.1 million in 1850 ) and was eager to populate the large regions conquered in the recent War of the Triple Alliance and with the so-called Conquest of the Desert ( Patagonia ). Furthermore, a law passed by the Argentine government in 1876 offered the possibility of free land assignments or those payable in installments at very low prices, while in 1882 the government decided to grant 25 hectares of land free of charge to all families. In particular, article 25 of

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