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22-522: Sangli-Miraj & Kupwad is urban agglomeration and a municipal corporation in Sangli district in the Indian state of Maharashtra . The City includes, three nearby urban areas The Sangli Miraj Kupwad Municipal Corporation is the governing body of the metropolitan area of Sangli Miraj Kupwad. The municipal corporation consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a mayor and administers

44-431: A population of over a half million as per 2011 census. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 69%. In Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. In Kupwad, as described by Gumperz and Wilson in 1971, Kannada speaking Jains and Lingayats formed

66-639: Is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It replaced existing legislation governing municipal boroughs in England and Wales , and gave the corporations powers to make bylaws and to acquire land and buildings. Municipal boroughs continued to be regulated by the Act until their abolition in 1974. Parts of the Act are still in operation. Sections 190 to 194 were amongst the enactments cited as

88-398: Is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter . A city charter or town charter or municipal charter is a legal document establishing a municipality, such as a city or town . In Bangladesh , There are 330 such municipal corporations in eight divisions of Bangladesh. In Canada, charters are granted by provincial authorities . The Greater Chennai Corporation

110-519: Is not always the case. Such municipal corporations result from a process of "externalization", and require different skills and orientations from the respective local governments, and follow common changes in the institutional landscape of public services. They are argued to be more efficient than government bureaucracies, but have higher failure rates because of their legal and managerial autonomy. Municipal Corporations Act 1882 The Municipal Corporations Act 1882 ( 45 & 46 Vict. c. 50)

132-586: Is the oldest municipal corporation in the world outside the United Kingdom. The title "corporation" was used in boroughs from soon after the Norman conquest until the Local Government Act 2001 . Under the 2001 act, county boroughs were renamed "cities" and their corporations became "city councils"; other borough corporations were renamed "borough councils". After the Partition of Ireland ,

154-539: The Police Acts 1839 to 1893 . The Act allowed inhabitant householders of a town to petition the privy council seeking a charter of incorporation as a borough. Where the petition was successful, a committee of the privy council drew up a "scheme" which described in detail the area of the borough, and the property, powers and duties transferred from existing local authorities such as local boards , sanitary authorities or highway boards . The scheme, together with

176-881: The U.S. Virgin Islands has districts , and American Samoa has districts and unorganized atolls . Each Indian Reservation is subdivided in various ways. For example, the Navajo Nation is subdivided into agencies and Chapter houses , while the Blackfeet Nation is subdivided into Communities . According to one definition of the term, municipal corporations are "organisations with independent corporate status, managed by an executive board appointed primarily by local government officials, and with majority public ownership". Some such corporations rely on revenue from user fees, distinguishing them from agencies and special districts funded through taxation, although this

198-689: The burghs of Scotland were similar in origin and were reformed or replaced in the nineteenth century before being abolished by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 . The Irish borough corporations within what is now Northern Ireland were reformed by the Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840 and Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 and replaced by the Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 . Most U.S. states and territories have at least two tiers of local government: counties and municipalities . Louisiana uses

220-425: The 1882 act are still in force, the powers conferred by them now being exercised by the modern local authorities that replaced the municipal boroughs under local government reorganisation. The Act allowed corporations to acquire land and buildings for the administration of the borough. Money could be borrowed to construct town halls , council houses, police stations, judges' lodgings and other buildings required for

242-677: The Borough of Galway", but referred to as "the Corporation". The New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 allowed municipal corporations to be established within the new Provinces of New Zealand . The term fell out of favour following the abolition of the Provinces in 1876. The ancient boroughs of England and Wales were typically incorporated by a royal charter , though some were boroughs by prescription . The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 and Municipal Corporations Act 1882 abolished

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264-459: The Borough, and for the prevention and suppression of nuisances not already punishable in a summary manner by virtue of any act in force throughout the Borough, and may thereby appoint such fines, not exceeding in any case £5, as they may deem necessary for prevention and suppression of offences against the same". Such bylaws gave considerable power to the borough corporation to exert control over various activities and nuisances. Many bylaws made under

286-643: The US Census Bureau's data collected in 2012, there were 89,004 local government units in the United States. This data shows a decline from 89,476 units since the last census of local governments performed in 2007. Each of the five permanently inhabited U.S. territories is also subdivided into smaller entities. Puerto Rico has 78 municipalities , and the Northern Mariana Islands has four municipalities. Guam has villages ,

308-420: The charter, described the date of first elections, appointed a returning officer and divided the borough into wards. If one twentieth of the owners or rate payers of the proposed borough objected to the scheme, a local act of parliament had to be passed to bring the borough into existence. Section 23 of the Act, boroughs were empowered to make bylaws "as to them seem meet for the good rule and government of

330-506: The city's infrastructure, public services and police. Members from the state's leading various political parties hold elected offices in the corporation. The Sangli Miraj Kupwad Municipal Corporation was created on 28 February 1998 by the merger of the previously separate municipal councils of Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad. Sangli had been the district administrative centre and Miraj and Kupwad were small towns located within 10-km distance from Sangli. As of 2001 India census , Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad had

352-607: The conduct of the corporation's business. The maximum term allowed for repayment of such a loan was 30 years, boroughs needing to obtain private acts of parliament to extend the payment period. The corporation could not dispose of land or buildings without the permission of the Local Government Board . The Act incorporated the various amendments to the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 and several other pieces of legislation. Among these were

374-519: The corporations in the Irish Free State were Dublin, Cork , Limerick and Waterford (county boroughs) and Drogheda , Kilkenny , Sligo , Clonmel , and Wexford (non-county boroughs). Dún Laoghaire gained borough status in 1930 as "The Corporation of Dun Laoghaire". Galway 's borough status, lost in 1840, was restored in 1937; it was formally styled "the Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses of

396-457: The corporations of rotten boroughs and other small rural areas. The Local Government Act 1888 aligned the powers of the remaining borough corporations with those of the new urban district councils . All borough corporations were replaced under the Local Government Act 1972 with councils not designated as "corporations", with the exception of the City of London Corporation . The corporations of

418-824: The county in which they would otherwise be a part. In some states, particularly in New England, towns form the primary unit of local government below the state level, in some cases eliminating the need for county government entirely. Many rural areas and even some suburban areas of many states have no municipal government below the county level. In addition to counties and municipalities, states often create special purpose authorities, such as school districts and districts for fire protection, sanitary sewer service, public transportation , public libraries , public parks or forests, water resource management, and conservation districts . Such special purpose districts may encompass areas in multiple municipalities or counties. According to

440-422: The majority, while the rest consisted of Marathi speaking Dalits, Urdu speaking Muslims and a few Telugu speaking rope-makers. In Miraj Urdu speaking Muslims form a majority of 50% of total population of the city. Municipal corporation Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event

462-564: The state, local governments may operate under their own charters or under general law, or a state may have a mix of chartered and general-law local governments. Generally, in a state having both chartered and general-law local governments, the chartered local governments have more local autonomy and home rule. Municipalities are typically subordinate to a county government, with some exceptions. Certain cities, for example, have consolidated with their county government as consolidated city-counties . In Virginia , cities are completely independent from

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484-653: The term parish and Alaska uses the term borough for what the U.S. Census Bureau terms county equivalents in those states. Civil townships or towns are used as subdivisions of a county in 20 states, mostly in the Northeast and Midwest. Population centers may be organized into incorporated municipalities of several types, including the city , town , borough , and village . The types and nature of these municipal entities vary from state to state. In addition to these general-purpose local governments, states may also create special-purpose local governments. Depending on

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