Sandhausen ( German pronunciation: [zantˈhaʊ̯zn̩] ) is a municipality in the district of Rhein-Neckar-Kreis , in Baden-Württemberg , Germany . It is situated 7 km (4.3 mi) south of Heidelberg .
16-565: Sandhausen belongs to the Rhein-Neckar Metropolitan region. It is known for its sand dune. The first recorded mention of Sandhausen (or "Santhusen") was in 1262 ; 762 years ago ( 1262 ) . Sandhausen is named after the ice-age sand dunes that border the municipality. As early as Roman times, a settlement called "Lochheim" existed in the area. It was part of Bishopric of Speyer till 1262, when Otto von Bruchsal gave it to Ludwig II , Electoral Palatin . It
32-551: Is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate in the western part of the Federal Republic of Germany with approximately 50,000 inhabitants. Located on the left bank of the river Rhine , Speyer lies 25 km (16 miles) south of Ludwigshafen and Mannheim , and 21 km (13 miles) south-west of Heidelberg . Founded by the ancient Romans as an fortified town on the northeast frontiers of their Roman Empire , it
48-625: Is one of Germany's oldest cities. Speyer Cathedral , a number of other churches, and the Altpörtel ("old gate") dominate the Speyer landscape. In the cathedral, beneath the high altar, are the tombs of eight Holy Roman Emperors and German kings . The city is famous for the 1529 Protestation at Speyer . One of the ShUM-cities which formed the cultural center of Jewish life in Europe during
64-638: The Medieval / Middle Ages , Speyer and its Jewish courtyard was inscribed on the UNESCO ( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ) World Heritage List in 2021. The first known names were Noviomagus and Civitas Nemetum , after the Teutonic tribe, Nemetes , settled in the area. The name Spira is first recorded in the 7th century, taken from villa Spira , a Frankish settlement situated outside of Civitas Nemetum . Speyer lies on
80-550: The German league since the 2023–24 season. This Rhein-Neckar-Kreis location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bishopric of Speyer The Prince-Bishopric of Speyer , formerly known as Spires in English, (German: Hochstift Speyer, Fürstbistum Speyer, Bistum Speyer ) was an ecclesiastical principality in what are today the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Baden-Württemberg . It
96-483: The archdiocese of Mainz. The history of the Bishopric of Speyer began at the latest in the late 7th century when the bishop of Speyer received royal domains in the neighboring Speyergau . In the 10th and 11th centuries, the diocese received additional lands, including gifts by emperor Otto I . In 1030 the building of the cathedral was begun. In 1061 the cathedral was consecrated. In 1086 emperor Henry IV granted
112-421: The bishopric the remaining parts of the county of Speyergau. From 1111 the citizens of the city of Speyer began to increasingly loosen their bonds to the rulership of the bishop. In 1230 a Bürgermeister was mentioned for the first time. In 1294 Speyer became a Free Imperial City . The bishop moved his palace in 1371 to Udenheim. At the beginning of the 17th century bishop Philipp Christoph von Sötern expanded
128-742: The course of the French Revolution. The right-bank territories went to margraves of Baden . This ended the secular responsibilities of the bishop of Speyer. The secularized bishopric continued ecclesiastically as the Diocese of Speyer . Finally, the French part of the former prince-bishopric was divided between Bavaria and Hesse Darmstadt in 1815. Speyer Speyer ( German: [ˈʃpaɪɐ] , older spelling Speier ; Palatine German : Schbaija ; French : Spire ), historically known in English as Spires ,
144-590: The fortress of Philippsburg . The prince-bishops reigned from there from 1371 to 1723. Afterwards the prince-bishop moved his seat to Bruchsal. French troops captured Philippsburg in 1644 during the later stages of the Thirty Year's War . France gained the fortress in the 1648 Peace of Westphalia . During the Franco-Dutch War , Imperial troops recaptured it in 1676. In the Treaty of Nijmegen 1679,
160-635: The fortress was officially returned to the Bishop and the Empire. However, France annexed parts of the bishopric's left-bank territories in 1681 as Reunion and seized Philippsburg again in 1688 at the beginning of the Nine Years' War . The occupied territory was not returned until 1697 in the Peace of Rijswijk . In 1801/1802, the remaining left-bank territories of Speyer were conquered by French troops in
176-520: The past, is now restricted to the rural parish of Bruchhausen. Sandhausen has the following schools: The football club SV Sandhausen plays in the Hardtwaldstadion on the outskirts of the town. The club is considered the second smallest professional football club in Germany (Only have more population than SV Elversberg a Spiesen-Elversberg based team), playing in the third division of
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#1732800841111192-428: The right bank) as well as Deidesheim , Herxheim bei Landau , and Lauterburg (on the left bank). Around 1800 the bishopric included about 55,000 people. A diocese of Speyer has possibly existed since the 3rd or 4th century. It was first mentioned in historical documents in 614. Up to 748 it was a suffragant bishopric of the archdiocese of Trier, and from then until the secularisation of the prince-bishopric in 1803, of
208-608: The territories of the House of Wittelsbach were united under its Palatinate branch. Thus, Sandhausen became part of Bavaria . It was occupied by French troops in 1795 and was awarded to the Grand Duchy of Baden after German mediatization in 1803. The mayor of Sandhausen is Hakan Günes ( CDU ). Previous mayors were as follows: In the past, hops were grown in Sandhausen. The tobacco industry, which thrived in Sandhausen in
224-595: Was secularized in 1803. The prince-bishop resided in Speyer, a Free Imperial City , until the 14th century, when he moved his residence to Uddenheim ( Philippsburg ), then in 1723 to Bruchsal . There was a tense relationship between successive prince-bishops, who were Roman Catholic, and the civic authorities of the Free City, officially Protestant since the Reformation. The prince-provostry of Wissemburg in Alsace
240-739: Was part of Oberamt Heidelberg in 1351. It was sacked by Baden and Württemberg troops in the Mainz Diocesan Feud in 1462. It was again sacked by Spanish troops during the Thirty Years' War in 1622 and by French troops during the Nine Years' War in 1688. French troops remained in Sandhausen until 1697. After the death of Maximilian III, Elector of Bavaria , head of the Bavarian branch of the House of Wittelsbach , Charles Theodore , County Palatine of Rhine, inherited Bavaria in 1777 and
256-667: Was ruled by the prince-bishop of Speyer in a personal union . The Prince-Bishopric of Speyer belonged to the Upper Rhenish Circle of the Holy Roman Empire . One of the smallest principalities of the Holy Roman Empire, it consisted of more than half a dozen separate enclaves totalling about 28 German square miles (about 1540 km ) on both sides of the Rhine. It included the towns of Bruchsal (on
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